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Smart Environments: Artificial Intelligence in the Home and Beyond Diane J. Cook [email protected] http://eecs.wsu.edu/~cook January 2008 1 BodyNets Topics Smart Environments Both generate large amounts of data Both need: • data mining • prediction • classification / identification 2 What Is a Smart Environment? An environment able to acquire and apply knowledge about the resident and the physical surroundings to improve the resident’s experience. Imagine… Automated blinds Door/lock controllers, Face recognition, automated door entry Surveillance system Climate control Intelligent appliances Robot vacuum cleaner Lighting control Remote site monitoring and control Robot lawnmower Smart sprinklers What Good Is a Smart Environment? • Comfort and Productivity • Health and Safety • Energy and Sustainability Our Initial Hypothesis Resident interactions with smart environments can be automated by analyzing and predicting resident behavior and using the information to learn an automation model. Smart Apartment Smart Workplace Technology Perception Reason Sensor network Data mining Prediction Decision maker Rule engine Off-the-shelf sensors Action PLC Sensor network Data Mining Raw data Patterns 2005-01-03 09:47:30 i 5 1 100 mavpad 2005-01-03 09:56:17 i 5 0 0 mavpad 2005-01-03 13:04:45 a 1 1 100 mavpad 2005-01-03 13:05:37 i 3 1 100 mavpad 2005-01-03 13:06:11 c 4 1 100 mavpad 2005-01-03 13:06:22 c 4 0 0 mavpad 2005-01-03 13:16:33 S 19 1 100 mavpad 2005-01-03 13:16:33 S 70 1 100 mavpad 2005-01-03 13:16:34 i 5 1 100 mavpad 2005-01-03 13:16:44 i 3 0 0 mavpad … % Turn on kitchen light when in room [PRODUCTION_PATTERN] ID = 56008634 4 V_19_1 V_19_0 i_1_1 x_0_0 NumberOccurrences = 5 V_19_1 V_19_0 V_19_1 V_19_0…x_0_0 1 % Kitchen Activities [ABSTRACT_PATTERN] ID = 54964 4 1487735365 1487712271 56008634 100100 NumberOccurrences = 1 1487735365 1487712271 56008634 100100 1 101000101101000… Prediction a (5) a (2) b(2) a (1) c(1) b(4) a (1) b(2) “aaababbbbbaabccddcbaaaa” c(1) d(2) c(1) a (1) • Parse sensor events using text compression • Given recent history, predict next symbol (sensor event) with highest probability Decision Model • Learn hierarchical model from data • Learn automation rules with user and rule engine feedback Results - Workplace Manual interactions 200 150 100 Inhabitant Prediction 50 0 Flat model Hierarchical model Results - Apartment Manual interactions 20 15 10 5 0 Inhabitant Prediction Flat model Hierarchical model Prototype Smart Apartment What Good Is a Smart Environment? • Comfort and Productivity • Health and Safety • Energy and Sustainability The Crisis of an Aging Population 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0-14 15-59 60+ 80+ All By 2040, 23% of U.S. population will be 65+ • Facilities cannot handle coming “age wave” The Crisis for Individuals 40% cannot afford assisted care Many live alone in remote locations Caregivers live far away Removing them results in cognitive and physical decline Virtually ALL want to stay at home Sense Assess Assist Financial Impact Americans spend $44 billion/year for home care Family members provide $197 million/year U.S. healthcare spending will increase by 25% Identify Remind 10 / 2 / 15 • If we can keep 10% of population home 2 years longer, we will save Washington State $341 million/year • $15 billion/year nationally Millions of Dollars 3000 Geriatric Monitoring Acute Monitoring Wellness Monitoring E-visit 2000 1000 0 2005 2010 Mission • Our vision is to keep older adults functioning independently in their own homes as long as possible. • Our method integrates artificial intelligence, machine learning, and pervasive computing technologies into their everyday environments, turning them into smart environments. What Assistance Is Needed? Activity identification Functional assessment Tracking Eating Toileting Medical monitoring Medication management Now Partial Future Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Technology Sense Assess Assist Identify Remind 23 Sense Assess Sense Assist Identify Remind Sense Identify Assess Assist Identify Remind Sense Assess Assist Model Motion 2 0.1 1.0 0.4 Motion 1 Motion 4 0.6 Motion 3 1.0 Water On 1.0 0.9 Water Off 1.0 END P(“wash hands” | [Motion 1, Motion 3, Water On, Water Off]) = 0.54 P(“cooking” | [Motion 1, Motion 3, Water On, Water Off]) = ? Identify Remind Sense Remind Assess Assist Identify Remind Sense Assess Assist • Medicine compliance Remind Identify Remind Sense Assess Assist Identify Remind Assist 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Voice / Hand Disability 29 Sense Assess Assist Assess Replace lab with everyday environments Detect dementia as it occurs Monitor as it progresses Identify Remind What Good Is a Smart Environment? • Comfort and Productivity • Health and Safety • Energy and Sustainability 31 Load Profiling for Smart Home Visualization of energy usage • Play in real time or rewind • Annotation with activity IDs Energy-Efficient Automation Alternative Automation of Daily Activities • Open south windows to warm room • Automatically learn strategy based on • Positive feedback (reduced energy usage) and • Negative feedback (resident reverses automation) Smart Communities Learn usage profiles for entire community • Use information to balance load • Avoid brownouts and blackouts • Reward customers who sign up for conservation plan What’s Next? Multiple residents Multiple perspectives Multiple environments 35 To Learn More http://eecs.wsu.edu/~cook [email protected] 36