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Name:____________________________ 2.3 Carbon Compounds The chemistry of Carbon The chemistry of carbon is very important to _________________________ Carbon has _________________ electrons available for bonding Can form 4 ___________________________ Carbon can bond with many elements including _______________________________________ All __________________________ have carbon in them The Chemistry of Carbon Carbon can also __________________________ Because carbon can bond with itself, it __________________________ Carbon Chains Macromolecules Some molecules are so large, they are known as ______________________, or “giant molecules” We’ve talked about these before… …carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acid, nucleic acid …Let’s look at more specifics Carbohydrates Made up of _______________________________________________________ Main source of _________________________________ Sugars are “__________________” When broken down, ____________________________________ Many living things store ______________________________ Carb: Simple sugars Can be called ______________________________ and simple sugars PS. Mono means _______ Examples include: ___________________________ (found in milk) and ______________ (found in fruits) Table sugar, ____________________, is made up of both glucose and fructose and is a _________________________________ PS. ______ means two. Complex Carbs Large macromolecules formed when simple sugars join together Many animals store extra sugar as a __________________________ (glycogen) When glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is broken down into glucose and enters the blood stream Plants use a different complex carb____________________________, to store extra sugar. Plants also make a complex carb called ________________________________ Cellulose Cellulose gives plants their ___________________________________. Cellulose is the major part of _____________________________________ Lipids _____________________________________________ are common lipids Lipids are macromolecules that generally ____________________________________________ Made of _____________________________________________________ Some lipids ___________________________________ Others form ______________________________________ Some produce waterproof coverings on ______________________________________________ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Gqo3Y6WFYA Saturated vs. Unsaturated Many lipids are formed when a ____________________________________________________ Bonds are the “—” between the letters If there are all single bonds, it is considered “_____________________________” If there is a double-bond with any of the carbon, it is “____________________________” Lipids that have “unsaturated fatty acids are _________________________________________ ex.: olive oil Saturated vs. Unsaturated Saturated/Unsaturated Nucleic Acid Macromolecule containing ______________________________________________ Store and transmit __________________________________________ Two types-RNA ribonucleic acid Contains _____________________________________ DNA- deoxyribonucleic Contains _____________________________________ Proteins Micromolecules that contain: N, H, C, O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJtAw61bzsM Proteins make up Amino Acids There are more than _____________ different Amino acids Functions: _____________________________________________________________________ Acids are joined in long chains ____________________________________________________ KEY Carbon Compounds The chemistry of Carbon The chemistry of carbon is very important to living things Carbon has 4 electrons available for bonding Can form 4 covalent bonds Carbon can bond with many elements including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur All living things have carbon in them The Chemistry of Carbon Carbon can also bond with itself Because carbon can bond with itself, it can form REALLY long chains Carbon Chains Macromolecules Some molecules are so large, they are known as macromolecules, or “giant molecules” We’ve talked about these before… …carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acid, nucleic acid Let’s look at more specifics Carbohydrates Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Main source of energy for living things Sugars are “carbs” When broken down, provide energy Many living things store extra sugar is stored as starch Carb: Simple sugars Can be called monosaccarides and simple sugars PS. Mono means 1 Examples include: glucose and galactose (found in milk) and fructose (found in fruits) Table sugar, sucrose, is made up of both glucose and fructose and is a disaccharide PS. Di means two. Complex Carbs Large macromolecules formed when simple sugars join together Many animals store extra sugar as a complex carb (glycogen) When glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is broken down into glucose and enters the blood stream Plants use a different complex carb, starch, to store extra sugar. Plants also make a complex carb called cellulose Cellulose Cellulose gives plants their strength and rigidity. Cellulose is the major part of wood and paper Lipids Fats, oils, and waxes are common lipids Lipids are macromolecules that generally do not dissolve in water Made of H and C Some lipids store energy Others form biological membranes Some produce waterproof coverings on cells and tissues https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Gqo3Y6WFYA Saturated vs. Unsaturated Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule joins with a fatty acid Bonds are the “—” between the letters If there are all single bonds, it is considered “saturated” If there is a double-bond with any of the carbon, it is “unsaturated” Lipids that have “unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature ex.: olive oil Saturated vs. Unsaturated Saturated/Unsaturated Nucleic Acid Macromolecule containing H, O, N, C, P Store and transmit genetic information Two types-RNA ribonucleic acid Contains ribose DNA- deoxyribonucleic Contains deoxyribose Proteins Micromolecules that contain: N, H, C, O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJtAw61bzsM Proteins make up Amino Acids There are more than 20 different Amino acids Functions: control cell processes and reaction rates, others form important parts in a cell, while others help fight disease Amino Acids are joined in long chains according to instructions in the DNA
