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Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Transverse colon
Small intestine
Ascending colon
Jejunum
Descending colon
Ileum
Appendix
Rectum
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
What to think about…..
What
is the digestive
system?
Why do we need it (what’s its
function)?
How does it work?
What are the different parts
and their functions?
Of all the things we do, what
requires energy?
In
order to obtain energy
we need
How do we get
this fuel?
What does food provide besides just
energy? RAW MATERIALSwe need to grow, repair
tissues, and make new
body cells.
But
before our bodies can use
food it must be
Why Digestion?
Because
food must be
broken into smaller pieces
that can fit inside a cell.
chemicals the body needs to stay
healthy are called
The 5 main nutrients:
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Where is most protein found?
Proteins
build and repair cells.
Where are most carbohydrates found?
Pasta, Rice, Bread, Fruits, etc.
 Carbohydrates
are the body’s
main source of energy.
2 kinds of Carbs
 Simple
Carbohydrates- these carbs
are your basic sugars that your
body can turn into energy very
quickly.
 Complex Carbohydrates- these
carbs include potatoes and foods
made from grains. Requires the
body break them down first. Also
called starches.
Where are most fats found?
Dairy, oil, butter, meats,
and especially fast foods.
Fat is a way that the human
body stores energy. Too much
can be unhealthy though.
2 kinds of Fat
The
fat the is liquid at room
temperature and is found in
vegetable oils and seeds are
Fats that are solid at room temperature
and are considered not good for you are
called
Small quanitities of vitamins regulate
body functions and prevent disease.
 Another
substance needed by the
body helps chemical reactions,
builds cells, sends nerve impulses,
and carries oxygen are
Parts of the Digestive System
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small
intestine
Large Intestine
Together this makes a tube called
the
About how long is the
digestive tract?
Other
organs attached
to the digestive tract
include the
This is the opening to the
digestive system.

Teeth and salivary glands help
digest.
2 kinds of Digestion
The
physical breakdown of
food into smaller parts by
cutting and tearing it.
What part of the mouth does this?
Another kind of digestion where the
molecules of food are broken down
into smaller molecules is called
In
your mouth this is done
by a liquid called
When food is swallowed, where
does it go next?
What
is the
esophagus?
A tube that
connects the
mouth and the
stomach.
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Transverse colon
Small intestine
Ascending colon
Jejunum
Descending colon
Ileum
Appendix
Rectum
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
How does food make its way
through the digestive tract?
What
is peristalsis?
Waves of muscular
contractions that move food
through the digestive system.
1. What are the chemicals your
body needs to be healthy?
A.
peristalsis
B. nutrients
C. organs
D. saliva
2. Which of the following is a
liquid at room temperature?
A.
Proteins
B. Saturated fats
C. Unsaturated fats
D. Vitamins
3. What connects the mouth to
the stomach?
A.
peristalsis
B. pancreas
C. esophagus
D. protein
4. Which of the following is not
a nutrient?
A.
saliva
B. protein
C. fat
D. carbohydrates
5. The type of digestion that
breaks down food into smaller
molecules is
A.
Carbohydrate
B. Peristalsis
C. Mechanical
D. Chemical
6. Which part of the mouth is
responsible for mechanical
digestion?
A.
lips
B. tongue
C. saliva
D. teeth
7. What do we call the kind of
carbohydrate that is easy to get
energy from, like sugar?
A.
Simple
B. Complex
C. Double
D. Single
8. Which of the following is not
connected to the digestive tract?
A.
gall bladder
B. liver
C. pancreas
D. ureter
9. Which of the following is a
good source of protein?
A.
bread
B. rice
C. meat
D. potatoes
10. How does food makes it way
through the digestive tract?
A.
esophagus
B. peristalsis
C. mechanical
D. complex
Digestive System
Part II
How does mechanical digestion
occur in the stomach?
How does chemical
digestion occur?
The stomach
produces gastric
acid that helps
breakdown food.
What is gastric juice made of?
This
is what helps in the
chemical digestion of food in
the stomach.
HCL is very strong acid. Why
does it not harm the tissue of
the stomach?
A
layer of mucus provides
protection from acid for the
stomach.
What’s it called if the acid gets through
the layer of mucus and damages the
inside of the stomach?
Stomach
As the food leaves the stomach,
it has a new name called
Chyme
is a thin watery
product that moves slowly
out of the stomach and
into the
As food enters the small intestine,
breaks down the fats
and oils in the food.
 Bile
is a greenish liquid that
acts like soap or detergent in
how it can break apart fats and
oils. This liquid is made by the
and stored in the
Like the liver and gall bladder the
is also connected to
the small intestine.
The
pancreas also secretes
enzymes that aid in digestion of
carbs .
The pancreas produces enzymes to
help digestion. It also produces a
hormone called
 Insulin
helps body cells take in
glucose.
People who’s pancreas does not
produce insulin have a disorder
called
The
is responsible
for getting the nutrients from the small
intestine out to the rest of the body.
But
first the
molecules of
food have to get
from the Small
Intestine into
the blood.
The inside of the SI is covered
with small fingerlike projections
called
 The
villi have
capillaries
running through
them that can
absorb the
nutrients from
the chyme.
Does the body use all
the food it eats?
Small intestine
Some foods like
cannot be digested.
Cellulose
is a kind of
carbohydrate found in plants
and sometimes called fiber.
Fiber helps keep the
digestive system
running smoothly.
The part of the food (chyme) not
used in the small intestine
travels to the
Large intestines
Small intestines
There is a small organ attached to
the large intestine called the
 The
appendix essentially has no
function but can become infected
and must be removed.
As the food moves through the
large intestine
is
absorbed.  As the water is
extracted from the LI
the waste product
become more
This waste product is referred to as
Where does the feces collect
before removal from the body?
 When
Transverse colon
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Appendix
Rectum
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, LARGE INTESTINE
enough
is collected the
brain is
signaled for
elimination.
Many bacteria live inside the
digestive tract. Some help us
digest food and other help
produce
1. What is the food in the digestive
tract called when the stomach
passes it to the Small intestine?
A.
Chyme
B. Bile
C. Insulin
D. Cellulose
2. What is the greenish fluid
excreted by the gall bladder that
breaks down fats?
A.
Chyme
B. Hydrochloric Acid
C. Feces
D. Bile
3. Where is water removed
from the chyme?
A.
Pancreas
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
4. What is the hormone that is
responsible for absorption of glucose
and lack of it causes diabetes?
A.
Chyme
B. Enzyme
C. Insulin
D. Hydrochloric Acid
5. What are the finger like
projections in the SI where nutrtients
are absorbed by capillaries?
A.
Chyme
B. Pancreas
C. Villi
D. Cellulose
6. What organ makes bile?
A.
Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Small intestine
7. What is it in the stomach that
helps break down food?
A.
Chyme
B. Gastric Juices
C. Insulin
D. Bile
8. What is it that cannot be
broken down and used for
nutrients in the digestive system?
A.
Bile
B. Chyme
C. Villi
D. Cellulose
9. What is happens when the
stomach lining fails to protect
the stomach?
A.
Ulcer
B. Diabetes
C. Cellulose
D. Bile
10.What’s the correct order that food
travels through the digestive tract?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach,
L Intestine , S Intestine
 B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus,
S Intestine, L Intestine
 C. Mouth, esophagus, S intestine,
Stomach, L Intestine
 D. Mouth, esophagus, stomach,
S Intestine , L Intestine
 A.