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The Digestive System 6th, 7th, & 8th Grade Health Digestive System Warm-up • What is the function of the Respiratory System? • Name the parts of the Respiratory System? Learning Objectives • To recognise the organs involved in digestion; • To understand the major functions of each body part in the digestive process; • To understand the four major phases of digestion; • To understand the functions of different enzymes. Major Functions of the Digestive System • Break down ingested food • Put nutrients into the bloodstream • Remove waste from the body Organs of the Digestive System • • • • • • • Mouth- teeth, salivary glands, tongue Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Pancreas Liver • Gall bladder Accessory Organs Mouth • Digestion begins here! • Teeth and tongue are used in mechanical digestion- physical breakdown of food • Saliva and enzymes begin chemical digestionchemical breakdown of food Esophagus • Muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach • Moves food downward by peristalsis, or muscular contractions • Epiglottis seals off windpipe during swallowing to prevent choking Stomach- Mechanical and Chemical Digestion • Muscular pouch that expands to hold your food • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the enzyme pepsin combine to form gastric juice Stomach- Mechanical and Chemical Digestion • A gummy coating of mucus protects the stomach lining from the strong chemicals • Chyme, a thick liquid containing partially digested food, is produced here Small Intestine • Most chemical digestion occurs here! • Inner surface is covered in villi and microvilli, millions of tiny finger-like projections that absorb nutrient molecules from the chyme • The villi create a large surface area, so as many nutrients as possible can be absorbed Other Facts of the Small Intestine • Longest portion of the digestive tract • Tube that is 20- 25 feet long • Food stays in your small intestine for 4 to 8 hours Liver • Makes bile to break up fat • Stores nutrients, like vitamins and sugars until your body needs them • Breaks down toxins Gallbladder • Temporarily stores bile and releases it into the small intestines • Storage tank for bile (a greenish-yellow liquid) • Helps your body break down and use fats • Located under your liver • Shaped like a pear Pancreas • Makes digestive enzymes • Makes hormones that regulate sugar levels • Helps you digest food by breaking down sugars Large Intestine • No digestion occurs here • Water is absorbed from remaining food • Bacteria feed on material passing through and produce Vitamins (K) vital to our health • Waste material, feces, is prepared for elimination from the body Other Facts of the Large Intestine • Tube that is 5 feet long • Gets waste from small intestine • Waste stays for 10 to 12 hours Rectum • Stores feces until they can be expelled through the anus. Large Intestine Videos • http://www.neok12.com/video/DigestiveSystem/zX4559475700465170435873.htm • http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/DSmovie.html Some more videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5lyQUtq1KQ • http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_DSmoviesource. html • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3986Yfl5cU • http://kitses.com/animation/swfs/digestion.swf The End!