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What do we digest? What is food made up of? Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Is the body breaking down and digesting food an example of a chemical reaction? Yes? No? We make some molecules in our own body that make these chemical reactions go faster Why do you think we do this? Enzymes A molecule made out of protein that makes all chemical reactions in living organisms faster Its like having fuel injection in your car to make it faster Except enzymes never run out They are like rechargeable batteries And keep going and going and going……… Where do we digest proteins? a) b) c) d) In Rectum and Stomach Small Intestine and stomach Stomach and Mouth Liver and kidneys the stomach and small intestine http://kitses.com/animation/swfs/d igestion.swf So what helps us digest proteins? Hydrochloric acid in the stomach Enzymes? Pepsin in the stomach Proteases in the small intestine What is the pH of the stomach? • 1 – 3 in a normal human Why does pepsin work well in the stomach? • Because it is fully active in an acidic solution Carbohydrates Where do we digest these? a) Mouth and Liver b) Large Intestine and small intestine c) Stomach d) Mouth and small intestine Answer = d What helps us digest carbohydrates? An enzyme called? Amylase : In the mouth Amylase : From the pancreas What helps us to digest fats? Where are they digested? Digested in the small intestine Bile is produced from the? Liver and stored in the ? Gall bladder And this drains into the? Small intestine Bile breaks up the fat so it is easier for the enzymes to digest Its like a natural dishwashing detergent The small intestine What is the pH of the small intestine? Generally it is around neutral, although the first section will be slightly acidic (6 – 6.5) and the second two sections will be slightly basic or neutral (7 – 8) Inside the small intestine The Villi What it looks like with Crohns disease The large intestine Inside the large intestine What happens in the large intestine? Absorbs water from the waste Absorbs any minerals that are left and some vitamins. Bacteria in the faeces will make some vitamins, like B12 Movies from the Gut