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FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Epidermis~ the outermost layer of the skin made up of two parts-exterior and interior. Dermis~ inner, thicker portion of the skin. Subcutaneous~ layer which consists of fat & connective tissue. Follicle~ structure that grows out of narrow cavities in the dermis. They are supported with blood vessels &nerves &become attached to muscle tissue. It protects the skin from injury & damage from solar rays. It provides an insulating layer of air just above the surface of the skin. FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Oil gland~ prevents hair from drying out. It keeps skin soft &pliable. Inhabits growth of certain bacteria. Sweat gland~ located deep in the dermis & open up through pores onto the surface of the skin. 3 TYPES OF MUSCLE Smooth muscle~ a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart) Cardiac muscle~ The muscle of the heart, consisting of transversely striated muscle fibers formed of cells united at intercalated disks; the myocardium. Also called the muscle of the heart. Skeletal muscle~voluntary muscle made up of elongated, multinucleated, transversely striated muscle fibers. It has bony attachments. Also called the striated muscle. MUSCLE Actin~ thin filament made of protein. Myosin~ thick filament made of protein. Filament~ a long slender cell or series of attached cells. Myofibril~ one of many contractile filaments that make up a striated muscle fiber. SUTRUCTURE: ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE Compact bone~ tubular structures know as osteon or Haversain. Living bone cells known as osteocytes receive nutrients & oxygen from small blood vellels running within the osteon systems. Spongy bone~ Like a sponge, it contains holes & spores. This less dense bone is surrounded by compact bone. Medullary cavity~ the marrow cavity in the shaft of a long bone. Bone marrow~ a fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones. RED AND YELLOW BONE MARROW Red bone marrow~ found in the humerus, femur, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, & pelvis. Production site of red blood cells, white blood cells, & cell fragments involved in blood clotting. Yellow bone marrow~ found in other bones. It consists of stored fats. Skeletal Continued Joints-where two or more bones meet. Ligaments connect bones to other bones. Tendons connect muscle to bone. FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Liver~ large, complex organ. One function is to produce bile. Some others are to convert glucose to glycogen, produce urea, make certain amino acids, filter harmful substances from the blood, store vitamins and minerals, producing cholesterol, & maintain a proper balance of glucose in the blood. Stomach~ muscular, pouch-like enlargement of the digestive track. Chemical & physical digestion take place here. Gallbladder~ stores bile, although it is not an organ that you must have. FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Pancreas~ soft, flattened gland that secretes both digestive enzymes &hormones. Small intestine~ muscular tube, about 6 meters long with a diameter of 2.5 cm. Digestion of meals is completed in the small intestine. Large intestine~ also called the colon, is a muscular tube, about 1.5 meters long with a diameter of 6.5 cm. The large intestine absorbs water and excretes solid waste material from the foods that we eat. FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Nasal cavity~ cavity on either side of the nasal septum, extending from the nares to the pharynx, and lying between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth. Its function is to condition the air which will go to the respiratory tract & the nose. Esophagus~ muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from the pharynx to the stomach. Larynx~ cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea. It contains vocal cords that that are the source of the vocal tone in speech. FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Trachea~ tubelike passageway that leads to the bronchi, which lead to the lungs. Lungs~ Spongy organs in the chest of air breathing vertebrae animals. The take oxygen from the blood passing through the lungs and convert it into carbon dioxide. Air enters and leaves the lungs through the bronchial tubes. Generalized Neuron External & Internal Brain Ear & Eye