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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The Digestive System • Function • Parts • How the parts work together Function of Digestive System •Break down food into bloodstream • Absorption of food to get nutrients to cells • Removal of waste Organs Breaking down food • Mouth • Stomach • Small intestines • Large intestines • Rectum • Peripheral organs Mechanical Digestion • Physically breaking something apart –Teeth –Muscles of the stomach Chemical • Enzymes and acids added –break down big food molecules Enzyme Mouth • Teeth • Salivary glands- starts breaking down and starts digestion • Tongue Mouth •Mechanical •Chemical Mouth - Mechanical • Teeth – Incisor – Canine – Molar – Pre-Molar Mouth - Chemical • Saliva – Salivary amylase •Breaks down starches into sugars Mouth • Teeth • Salivary glands- starts breaking down and starts digestion • Tongue Esophagus Stomach • Grinds and dissolves food • Main part of digestion Stomach • J- shaped organ • Can hold 2 liters of food • Most mechanical digestion occurs here Stomach - Mechanical • Strong muscles grind up food particles Stomach - Chemical • Pepsin – proteins amino acids •Hydrochloric Acid -Kills bacteria - Provides good environment for pepsin Small Intestine • ~ 6 meters (20 feet) long • ~ 2 or 3 cm (1 inch) wide • Almost all chemical digestion occurs here Small Intestine • Most chemical digestion occurs here. • Absorption of nutrients occurs here. Intestines (Bowel) • Large • Stores, Compacts, and Eliminates indigestible material Fast Facts About Villi • Stretch out- 18ft • Flatten surface- larger than a tennis court Villi absorb nutrients Small intestine - Chemical • Bile – breaks fats into small particles – made in liver Small intestine - Chemical • Trypsin – made by pancrease –breaks down proteins Large intestine • Bacteria – cellulose - vitamin K • Absorbs water • Compacts stool Rectum • Stores feces • Leaves rectum and body through the anus Salivary Glands • Produce – salivary amylase – starches simple sugars Pancreas • Produces trypsin and other enzymes to break down proteins Liver • Produces bile to break down fats Gall Bladder • Stores bile from liver • Controls release of bile small intestine. How the Digestive System works • Break down food • Absorption of food • Getting rid of waste Organs Breaking down food • Mouth • Stomach • Small intestines • Large intestines • Rectum • Peripheral organs Mechanical Digestion • Physically breaking something apart –Teeth –Muscles of the stomach Chemical • Enzymes and acids added –break down big food molecules Mouth • Teeth • Salivary glands- produce salivary amylase • Tongue Mouth • Teeth • Salivary glands- starts breaking down and starts digestion • Tongue Esophagus • Connects mouth to stomach • Peristalsis – muscles move food to stomach. Esophagus Stomach • mechanical digestion grinding • chemical digestion –pepsin - proteins amino acids –amylase - starches sugars Stomach • Grinds and dissolves food • Main part of digestion Small Intestine • ~ 6 meters (20 feet) long • ~ 2 or 3 cm (1 inch) wide Small Intestine • Absorption of nutrients occurs here. Small intestine - Chemical • Bile – breaks fats into small particles – made in liver Fast Facts About Villi • Stretch out- 18ft • Flatten surface- larger than a tennis court Gall Bladder Small intestine - chemical • Trypsin – made by pancreas –breaks down proteins Large intestine • Bacteria – cellulose - vitamin K • Absorbs water • Compacts stool Intestines (Bowel) • Large • Stores, Compacts, and Eliminates indigestible material Rectum • Stores feces • Leaves rectum and body through the anus The Digestive System • Function • Parts • How the parts work together
