Download Lifecycle Nutrition, Part 2

DNT 200
NUTRITION FOR HEALTH
SCIENCES
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
PART 2
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
The four stages of man are infancy,
childhood, adolescence, and
obsolescence
Bruce Barton (1886 - 1967)
American writer, congressman
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood
– Growth and nutrient needs
• Appetite fluctuates greatly
– Will adjust their energy intakes at successive meals
– Can be highly variable from meal to meal but is
consistent on a day to day basis
– Overweight children may not adjust their intakes
appropriately -- may eat in response to external clues
• Child will need and demand much more food
during periods of rapid growth
• Steady growth during childhood is reflected in
gradually increasing needs for all nutrients
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
• Before adolescence, children accumulate stores of
nutrients
– During adolescent growth spurt, their nutrient stores
cannot keep pace with demands for rapid growth
– Draw upon stores accumulated earlier -- especially
calcium
• To provide all needed nutrients, a variety of foods
from each food group is recommended
• Parents are challenged to foster development of
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healthy eating habits in child
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
• Every meal is important in a child’s life
– Concentrated sweets must be limited in the child’s diet
if needed nutrients are to be supplied -- if permitted,
tooth decay and/or obesity may result
• In US children and adolescents, iron deficiency
anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency
– Is decreasing because of
» Increased breast feeding and increased use of iron
fortified formula
» WIC -- provides iron-rich foods during infancy 6
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and
teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Encourage iron-rich foods
» Drink milk only to ensure adequate calcium
and riboflavin intakes
» After age 2, change to low fat milks and use
Calories for other foods
» Lean meats
» Fish
» Poultry
» Eggs
» Legumes
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Nutrient deficiencies and behavior
• Iron deficiency
– Usually diagnosed only after deficiency has progressed
to anemia
– Child’s brain is highly sensitive to lowered iron
concentrations, long before blood effects appear
» Shortening of attention span
» Reduction in overall intellectual performance
» Irritability
» Aggressiveness
» Disagreeability
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» Withdrawal
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children & teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
• Lead poisoning
– Can cause iron deficiency anemia -- and iron
deficiency anemia impairs the body’s defenses
against lead absorption
– Anemia brought on by lead poisoning may be
mistaken for simple iron deficiency
– Mild lead toxicity has non-specific effects -diarrhea, irritability, fatigue, reduced ability of
blood to carry oxygen
– With higher levels, signs become more
pronounced -- yet still difficult to pinpoint to a
cause
» Learning disabilities develop
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» Behavior problems manifest
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
• Lead poisoning
– Even greater levels can cause
» Irreversible nerve damage
» Paralysis
» Mental retardation
» Death
– Prevention
» Prevent hand-to-mouth ingestion in contaminated
environments -- keep small children from putting
dirty or old painted objects in their mouths
» Make sure children consume nutritious foods
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consistently
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children & teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Hunger and behavior
• Children who eat a nutritious breakfast
function better than their peers who do
not
• By late morning, discomfort from
hunger may become distracting even if
a child has eaten breakfast
• Average child up to the age of 10 or so
needs to eat every four to six hours to
maintain sufficient blood glucose to
support the activity of the brain and
nervous system -- child’s liver can only
store about 4 hours worth of glycogen 11
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children &
teenagers
• Early and middle childhood
(con’t)
– Food allergies
• Incidence
– Highest in first several years of
life
– Declines with age
• About 5% of young children
are diagnosed with food
allergies
• Often are inherited
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Food allergies
• Occurs when a whole food protein or other
large molecule enters the system without
being further digested
– Body’s immune system reacts as it does to an
antigen -- produces antibodies, histamines, or
other defensive agents
– Allergies are diagnosed from examining
antibody production, not from evaluation of
symptoms only
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood
(con’t)
– Food allergies
• Identifying foods that cause an
immediate reaction is easy
– Symptoms correlate closely with the
timing of eating the food
– Allergic reactions to foods usually
begin within minutes to a few hours
after eating them
• Foods that cause delayed reactions
are more difficult
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood
(con’t)
– Food allergies
• Most cases are relatively mild -most common symptoms
– Swelling or itching of lips, mouth, and
or throat followed by
– Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
– Itching, hives, eczema and skin
redness
– Some people experience sneezing,
runny nose, shortness of breath or 15
other breathing difficulties
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Food allergies
• Anaphylaxis is a rare but potentially
fatal condition in which several parts
of the body experience a food allergy
reaction at the same time
– Symptoms may progress rapidly
» Severe itching
» Hives
» Sweating
» Swelling of the throat
» Breathing difficulties
» Lowered blood pressure
» Unconsciousness
» Death
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Food allergies
• Once an allergy has been diagnosed,
the only proven therapy is to avoid the
offending food -- the prescription for a
severe reaction is an injection of
epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Children with allergies need all their
nutrients, just as other children do
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Food allergies
• Foods most often associated with allergies
– Nuts*
– Eggs
– Milk
– Soybeans
– Wheat
– Peanuts*
– Chicken
– Fish*
– Shellfish*
– Mollusks (oysters, clams, snails, squid, octopi,
etc.)
*Are often outgrown
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and
teenagers
• Early and middle childhood
(con’t)
– Hyperactivity and diet -- no
behavior problems originate
with diet other than the general
misery caused by malnutrition
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Caffeine and other stimulants
• Excess caffeine consumption can cause
– Sleeplessness
– Restlessness
– Irregular heartbeats
• Caffeine found in
– Cola beverages -- the effect of two 12 ounce
beverages in a child is equivalent to eight cups
of coffee in an adult
– Chocolate bars
– Medication -- caffeine found in some
» Cold remedies
» Diuretics
» Pain relievers
• Pharmacologically active dose is 200mg
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Childhood obesity
• Increased dramatically over last three
decades
• Diet and physical activity responsible
• Influenced by television (and video
games)
– Requires no energy beyond basal
metabolism
– Replaces vigorous activities
– Encourages snacking
– Promotes sedentary lifestyle
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Childhood obesity
• Problems
– Potential for becoming obese adults
» Social, economic & medical
ramifications
– Growth
» Typically grow taller than peers but stop
growing at shorter height
» Develop greater bone and muscle mass -both fat and lean weight (appear stocky
even when they loose excess fat)
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» Have a faster metabolic rate
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Childhood obesity
• Problems
– Physical health
» Display a blood lipid profile indicative
that atherosclerosis is beginning to
develop
» Tend to have high blood pressure
» Increased risk for developing diabetes
» Increased risk for developing respiratory
diseases (e.g. asthma)
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Childhood obesity
• Problems
– Psychological development
» Are often victims of prejudice
» Poor self-image
» Sense of failure
» Passive approach to life
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Childhood obesity
• Prevention and treatment
– Should be prevented or treatment begun
early
– Integrated approach is recommended
» Diet -- initial goal is to reduce the rate of
weight gain
» Physical activity
» Psychological support -- parental
involvement encouraged
» Behavioral changes -- focus on how to eat
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Mealtimes with children
• Are a parent’s chance to influence food
choices
• Aims
– Avoid obesity
– Encourage physical activity on a daily basis
• Vegetables
– Children frequently dislike and refuse them
– Do like raw vegetables over cooked ones-offer them slightly undercooked, colorful,
warm (not hot) and mild
– If they prepare (measure, stir, decorate, cut, or
arrange) them, they may be motivated to28tray
and taste them
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Mealtimes with children
• Snacks
– Should provide foods as nutritious as
meal times (can be even mealtime foods
served individually over time)
– Should be easy to prepare and readily
available to children
• Sick days
– On a short term basis, no reason to worry
about loss of appetite -- as children
recover, so will their appetite
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– Encourage plenty of fluids
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Nutrition at school
• National school lunch program
– Include specified numbers of servings of milk, proteinrich food (meat, poultry, fish, cheese, eggs, legumes or
peanut butter), vegetables, fruits, and grains
– Should provide 1/3 of DRI for each nutrient
• National school breakfast program
– Available to about 40% of schools
– Must contain
» One serving of fluid milk
» One serving of fruit or vegetable or full strength
juice
» Two servings of bread or bread alternate or two
servings of meat alternate, or one of each
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• Early and middle childhood (con’t)
– Television and vending machines
• Many authorities concerned that television
commercials have a negative impact
• Vending machines now available at
schools
• Children will choose nutritious snacks
when offered side by side with sugary
foods
• When milk is available, soft drink use
drops
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• The teen years
– Growth and nutrient needs
• Growth rate speeds up abruptly and dramatically
with the onset of adolescence
• Lasts about 2 years
• Energy needs vary to a great extent, depending on
– Intensity of the growth spurt
– Body size
– Physical activity
• Boys have a greater energy need than girls
– Experience a more intense growth spurt
– Develop more lean body mass
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• The teen years (con’t)
– Calcium
» Calcium intakes decline as milk consumption
decreases
» Low calcium intakes of adolescents are caused, in
part, by their choices to replace milk with soft
drinks
– Food choices and eating habits of teenagers
• With increasing after-school, social, and job
activities, irregular eating habits result
• Adults become “gatekeeper” providing access to
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only nutritious, economical foods
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• The teen years (con’t)
– Drugs, Alcohol, Tobacco, and Nutrition
• Marijuana
– Alters sense of taste
– Enhances enjoyment of eating, especially of sweets
– Prolonged use does not seem augment energy intake
long enough to bring on weight gain
• Cocaine
– Users experience loss of appetite
– Weight loss is a common side effect
– Craving for drug replaces hunger
– Rats, given unlimited access of cocaine, will choose34
drug over food until they die of starvation
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• The teen years (con’t)
• Effects of addictive drugs
– Money spent on drugs cannot be spent on food
– During “high” times, interest in food is lost
– Some drugs induce depression of appetite
– Drug abusers’ lifestyles often lack regularity and
routine that promote good eating habits
– Hepatitis, common in drug abusers, causes taste
changes and loss of appetite
– AIDS is a risk
– Treatments and medications may alter nutrition status
– Illegal drug users often become ill with infectious 35
diseases which increases needs for nutrients
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• The teen years (con’t)
• Alcohol
– Is an empty calorie beverage
– Can displace needed nutrients from the diet
– Can alter metabolism and absorption of
nutrients received
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition for children and teenagers
• The teen years (con’t)
• Cigarette smoking
– Risk of lung cancer is greater for smokers who
have lowest intakes of carotene (Vitamin A)
– Smoking eases the feelings of hunger -postpones energy and nutrient intake
» Smokers tend to weigh less
» Smokers tend to gain weight upon cessation
– Smokers tend to have lower intakes of dietary
fiber, Vitamin A, folate, and Vitamin C
» Vitamin C requirements of smokers may be
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twice as high as non-smokers
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Aging and Nutrition
Percent U.S. Population Growth 1960 - 1990
250
231
200
150
89
100
50
All ages
Under 25
Over 65
Over 85
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13
0
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older
Adults
• Life expectancy has
doubled in the past
century
• Aging seems to be
inevitable
– Programmed into the
genes at conception
– Changing lifestyle
habits (regular
physical activity) can
slow the process
within the natural
limits set by heredity
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Good nutrition can retard and ease the aging
process
– Appropriate energy intake helps prevent
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Related cardiovascular disease
– Adequate intakes of essential nutrients prevents
diseases such as scurvy, goiter, anemia, and the
like
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
– Variety in food intake as well as ample
intakes of certain vegetables may be
protective against certain types of cancers
• A high fat diet is thought to promote cancer
• Fiber and certain plant foods may help protect
against cancer
– Less frequent use of vegetables is found in people
with colon cancer, specifically cabbage, broccoli,
and Brussels Sprouts
– Stomach cancer correlates with low vegetable intake
– Lung cancer incidents can be as much as 60-80
percent lower in people with high Vitamin A intakes
than those with low intakes
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
– Appropriate fiber intakes help prevent
malfunctions of the digestive tract such
as constipation, diverticulosis, and
possibly colon cancer
– Moderate sodium and adequate intakes
of potassium, calcium and other minerals
help prevent hypertension, at least to
people who are genetically predisposed
to it
– Adequate calcium intakes throughout
life helps protect people against
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osteoporosis
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
– Oral health issues
• Moderation in sugar helps prevent
dental caries
• 50% of those over 65 have some
form of dental or periodontal disease
• Medicare/Medicaid will not pay for
dentures when treatment is pulling all
the teeth
• Dental or gum issues should be
identified (are under-assessed)
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
– Oral health issues (con’t)
• Poor oral hygiene can result in
– Avoidable weight loss
– Increase in fasting blood sugar
– Pneumonia
– Endocarditis
• Post CVA -- assess denture fit due to
changes in facial muscle tone
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
– Oral health issues (con’t)
• Things to watch out for
– Broken or loose teeth
– Infected gums
» Showing bright inflammation
» Changes in color of tongue
» Long-term build-up of plaque
– Mouth pain
– Sensitivity to foods (hot/cold)
– Mouth sores/ulcers
– Food pocketing in cheeks and under tongue
– Check for denture fit -- poor fit contributes to not
eating or chewing well
– Be alert to client who suddenly no longer performs
self oral care -- could be the first signs of
depression
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
– Nutrition related concerns
• Cataracts
– Antioxidant nutrients (Vitamins C & E,
Selenium) may help reduce oxidative stress
(which plays a role in cataract development)
– Overweight appears associated but its role is not
identified
• Osteoarthritis -- overweight can increase
pain when weight-bearing joints are stressed
and irritated by having to carry excess
poundage
• Rheumatoid arthritis -- possible link to diet
through the immune system, the integrity of
which depends on adequate nutrition
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status of older
adults
– Water
• Dehydration is a risk
• Elderly may not notice thirst
• Elderly may not pay attention to thirst
• Even mild stresses such as fever or hot climate
may precipitate rapid dehydration in older adults
• 6-8 glasses of water per day is recommended
– Energy
• Energy needs decline with advancing age
– Lean body mass diminishes, lowering BMR
– Physical activity is typically reduced
• When energy intake decreases, people need to be
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sure the foods they eat are nutrient-dense
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status of older
adults (con’t)
– Protein -- needs area about the same as those
of younger people
– Carbohydrate
• Abundant protein needed to spare protein
• Complex carbohydrates supply fiber and essential
vitamins and minerals
• High fiber foods alleviate constipation
• NOTE: High fiber foods can be low in protein and
energy -- elderly people may need protein and energy
– Fat -- limit
• Cut kcalories
• Retard development of cancer, atherosclerosis and other
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degenerative diseases
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status
of older adults (con’t)
– Vitamins
• Vitamin A
– Is absorbed and stored more efficiently
in the aging GI tract and liver, although
processing within the body slows
slightly
– Current DRI makes no recommendation
for lowered intakes
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status
of older adults (con’t)
– Vitamins
• Vitamin D
– Deficiency is a significant problem
among older adults
» Many drink little or no milk, the
most significant source
» Skin’s capacity to synthesize Vitamin
D is reduced
– DRI doubles at age 51 (from 5 g/d to
10 g/d) and increases to 15 g/d for
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women over 70
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status
of older adults (con’t)
– Vitamins
• Vitamin B-12
– An estimated 15 percent of the elderly
population is deficient in Vitamin B-12
– Because of the devastation neurological
effects of Vitamin B-12 deficiency
(degeneration of peripheral nerves
leading to paralysis), adequate intake is
imperative
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status of
older adults (con’t)
– Minerals
• Iron
– Iron deficiency anemia still occurs
» Especially in those with low food intakes
» Chronic blood loss from ulcers,
hemorrhoids, or other disease conditions
» Poor iron absorption due to reduced
stomach acid secretion
» Antacid use, which interferes with iron
(and folate) absorption
» Use of medications that cause blood loss
including anticoagulants, aspirin, and other
arthritis medications
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status of
older adults (con’t)
–Zinc
»Chronic malabsorption diseases
such as Crohn’s disease impair zinc
absorption
»Alcohol consumption and stresses
such as surgery and burns increase
zinc excretion
»Medications may impair zinc
absorption or increase excretion
–Calcium
»Requirements have increased by
200 mg for adults over 50
»Protects against osteoporosis
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status
of older adults (con’t)
– Supplements
• Vitamin D and calcium supplements, when
recommended by physician for
osteoporosis may beneficial
• Iron supplements, when recommended by
physician for anemia may be beneficial
• Money spent on supplements may be better
spent on nutritious foods
• If diet contains less than 1,500 kcalories,
vitamin/mineral supplementation is
recommended
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older
Adults
• Nutrient needs and
nutrition status of
older adults (con’t)
–Effects of drugs
on nutrition
• Most drugs interact
with one or more
nutrients in several
ways, resulting in
greater than normal
needs for these
nutrients
*****
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition
status of older adults (con’t)
–Effects of drugs on nutrition
• Most drugs interact with one or more
nutrients in several ways, resulting in
greater than normal needs for these
nutrients
• Altered food intake
– Can influence appetite
– Can alter taste or smell
– Can cause sores or irritation in the
mouth
– Can reduce the
flow of saliva
*****
– Can induce nausea or vomiting
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status of
older adults (con’t)
– Effects of drugs on nutrition
• Altered nutrient absorption
– Laxatives cause food to move through the intestine
that many vitamins do not have enough time to be
absorbed
– Mineral oil, used as a laxative, robs a person of fatsoluble vitamins, most notably vitamin D; calcium is
also lost this way
• Altered drug absorption
– Tetracycline and calcium or tetracycline and iron,
taken at the same time, bind to each other, reducing
the absorption of both
– Some medications are better absorbed with foods
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than without them ****
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status
of older adults (con’t)
–Effects of drugs on nutrition
• Altered metabolism
– Structural analogues
» Warfarin opposes clotting by interfering
with Vitamin K’s action
» To be effective, warfarin’s dose must be
large enough to counteract vitamin K from
the diet
• Competing with each other for metabolic
enzyme systems
– Aspirin competes with folate for its’ protein
carrier, thus interfering
with the body’s use59of
***
the vitamin
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition status
of older adults (con’t)
–Effects of drugs on nutrition
• Altering enzyme activity and contributing
pharmacologically active substances
– MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors used to
treat certain forms of depression interacts
with Tyramine (an amine formed from the
amino acid tyrosine and found in red wines
and cheeses)
» Blocks enzymatic action enabling the
release of norepinephrine
» Results in severe
hypertension and
**
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headaches
NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Nutrient needs and nutrition
status of older adults (con’t)
–Effects of drugs on nutrition
• Altered drug excretion
– An acidic urine limits excretion of
acidic drugs like aspirin
– Vitamin C can lower the pH of the
urine, thus keeping aspirin in the blood
longer
• Altered nutrient excretion
– Some diuretics alter the excretion of the
minerals calcium, potassium,
magnesium, and zinc
*
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
• Food choices and eating habits
of older adults
– Factors
• Food likes and dislikes
• Living conditions -- older adults who live
alone do not make poorer food choices but
do consume fewer kcalories
• Economic status
• Medical conditions
• Congregate meals (provided in a place such
as a community center) offer socialization
opportunities as well as nutrition
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Nutrition For Older Adults
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