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THE SURPRISING ALL-NATURAL
TOXINS IN PLANT FOODS
Kaayla T. Daniel, PhD, CCN
Wise Traditions 2009
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Beans
• Grains
• Nuts
• Seeds
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Nightshade Vegetables
• Onions and Garlic
• Beets, Turnips,
Rutabagas
• Broccoli, Brussels
Sprouts
• Sweet potatoes
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Lettuce
• Spinach
• Alfalfa and
Clover
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Apples
• Strawberries
• Grapes
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
SOYBEANS
• More Numerous
• More Resistant to
Neutralization
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Ivy League Rats at Cornell University
• The Role of Coprophagy in the
Prevention of Trypsin Inhibitor
Induced Amino Acid Deficiencies
THE EVOLUTION OF PROTEASE
INHIBITORS
• Defense against microbes, insects and mammals
• Protection from premature sprouting
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Two Main Types
1. Kunitz
2. Bowman-Birk
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Hot, but Not Always Uninhibited
• The Effect of Heat, Cooking and other
Processes
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Balancing Act
• Too Much Cooking vs. Not Enough
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• No Rest for the Weary Pancreas
• Hypertrophy
• Hyperplasia
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Pancreatic Cancer
• #4 Cause of Cancer Deaths
Patrick Swayze
Randy Pausch, a professor at Carnegie Mellon
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
ADDING IT UP
• Soy Formula Fed Infants
• Vegetarians and Vegans
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• Industry “Tryping”
• Selling Trypsin Inhibitors for Cancer Prevention
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
“Soybean trypsin inhibitors do in fact pose
a potential risk to humans when soy protein
is incorporated into the diet.”
• Irvin E. Liener, PhD, Letter to FDA,1998
Phytates
Beans
Grains
Seeds
PHYTATES
Two Primary Functions:
1. Prevent Premature Germination
2. Storage of Phosphorous
PHYTATES
Main Benefit to Humans
• Safe seed storage over the winter
Risks to Human
• Bind needed minerals such as calcium, zinc
and iron
Phytates – Developing World
Phytates are the leading cause of:
•
•
•
•
Poor growth
Rickets
Anemia ("iron poor blood")
Immune system breakdown
Phytates
HEALTH BENEFITS FOR OMNIVORES
• Bind heavy metals such as cadmium
• Bind toxic levels of iron
Phytates
• Spring Detoxification
• Unleavened bread before Passover
Phytates
PHY FUTURES
• Chelators of excess iron
• Antioxidants
• Cancer fighting
LECTINS
GLUTENS FOR PUNISHMENT
Proteins with a Sweet Tooth
• Agglutinate blood -- Glue It Up
• Clotting
LECTINS
Beans
Grains
Other foods
Lectins
React with carbohydrate component of cell
membranes
• Cell injuries and deaths
• Gastrointestinal distress
• Immune System Breakdown
Lectins
IN SOYBEANS
• Symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium
bacteria
• Fix nitrogen in the roots of soybean plant
• Soybeans excellent for fertilization and crop
rotation
Lectins
• Largely deactivated by enzymes and cooking
• Negative findings from uncooked soyfoods
and animal feed
• Problems with processing
Lectins
Potential problem from:
• High levels "on occasion“
• Low levels eaten in large quantities on a
regular basis
Lectins
• Resist breakdown by digestive enzymes
60% remain biologically active and
immunologically intact
• Bind to villi and crypt cells of the small
intestine
• Interfere with hormone and growth factor
signaling
• Contribute to unfavorable gut flora
Lectins
•
•
•
•
“Leaky Gut Syndrome“
Digestive Distress
Allergies
Immune system breakdown
Lectins
• Most studies carried out on the highly toxic
kidney bean lectin
Lectins
• Lectins and Your Blood Type
• Eat Right 4 Your Type by Peter J. D'Adamo (1996)
• Why the theory is a little "sticky"
• Why many people nonetheless benefit from the
blood type diets
Lectins
GMO Foods
• The research of Dr. Arpad Pusztai
"Lectins can have serious consequences for
growth and health."
-----Arpad Pusztai, PhD
Saponins
• Soap in Your Mouth
• Compounds in plant foods that foam up like
soap suds in water and break down red blood
cells
Saponins
New uses:
• Alfalfa saponins to decrease root rot
• Soy saponins as natural herbicides
Saponins
In mammals linked to:
• Poor growth
• Bloat
• Damage to lining of intestines
But findings are not consistent
Saponins
•
•
•
•
Bind w/ cholesterol
Injuries result in "leaky gut"
Break down red blood cells – hemolysis
Damage digestive enzymes trypsin and
chymotrypsin
• May be goitrogenic
Saponins
The Marketing of Saponins
• A Squeaky Clean New Image and a Promising
Pharmaceutical Future
• Saponins "prevent" heart disease by lowering
cholesterol
• Saponins "prevent" cancer by binding bile acids
OXALATES -- CASTING STONES
• Indigestible compounds in foods that prevent
the proper absorption of calcium.
FOODS HIGH IN OXALATES
• Best known foods are Spinach and Rhubarb
OTHER FOODS HIGH IN
OXALATES
• Chocolate
• Peanuts
• Soy
Oxalates
Not significantly neutralized by cooking
Linked to:
• kidney stones
• vulvodynia
OLIGOSACCHARIDES
THE FLATULENCE FACTOR
OLIGOSACCHARIDES
The pesky twins
• Raffinose
• Stachyose
Require the enzyme alpha-galactosidase for
proper digestion
"Beans, beans, the musical fruit"
Gas producing veggies
FOR MANY YEARS A BOOMING
RESEARCH INDUSTRY
Some Typical Research Study Titles
"Flavor and flatulence factors in soybean protein
products."
"Effects of various soybean products on
flatulence in the adult man"
"Development of a technique for the in vivo
assessment of flatulence in dogs."
TEST SUBJECTS
Test Subjects
Test Subjects
CONTAINMENT DEVICES
Gas-tight pantaloons
Sealed to the skin at the waist and thighs using
duct tape
Equipped with two ports
Other Devices
OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENTS
• Number of incidences per hour and day
• Quantities of gas ejected per incident
• Proportions of hydrogen, methane, carbon
dioxide, hydrogen sulfide
• Propulsion force
• Noise levels
SUBJECTIVE MEASUREMENTS
Odor -- As judged by professional "Odor Judges"
SOLUTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Proper Preparation
Soaking
Changes of water
Cooking with carrot, herbs and/or seaweed
Beano
Carminative Herbs
allspice, caraway, cinnamon, cloves, coriander, dill,
fennel, garlic, ginger, nutmeg, oregano, peppermint,
rosemary, sage, thyme and basil
SOLUTIONS
Solutions
Solutions
• New Improved Low Gas Beans
• Hybrids and GMOs
• Marketing the Health Benefits of
Oligosaccharides
NOT TRUSTING THE PROCESS
Food Manufacturing Processes:
High temperature
High pressure
Chemical solvents
Acids and alkalis
Extruders and other harsh tools
TOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC RESIDUES
Not just modern soy foods
All highly processed, industrial food products
Grains
Vegetables
Oils
Milk
Eggs
Meat
NITROSAMINES
• Nitrates
• Nitrites
• Nitrosamines
SMOKING GRAS
• How soy protein isolate -- despite its
nitrosamines -- achieved GRAS status
and an FDA health claim
CROSS LINKED AMINO ACIDS
• Unnatural amino acids found in heavily
treated proteins
• Lysine to Lysinoalanine
• Arginine to Ornithine to Ornithinoalanine
Adverse effects from
Lysinoalanine
Protein digestion
• Protein quality
• Mineral bioavailability and utilization
• Iron levels drop, copper levels increase
Ghulam Sarwar, PhD, Nutrition Research
Division, Health Canada, Ottawa
EXCITOTOXINS
• Glutamate
• Aspartate
Excitotoxins exist naturally in the body and are
normally used by the
brain in small, carefully controlled
concentrations.
Problems arise when people eat excessive
amounts of highly processed foods
Double whammy from soybeans
•Glutamate is formed as a byproduct of processing
•Soy protein isolate, hydrolyzed plant protein, textured
vegetable protein, vegetable protein etc.
•MSG and other "natural flavorings" are often added to
improve taste
and smell
Dangers from excitotoxins increase
when 2 or more are present in the
same food or when nitrosamines or
other toxins are also present
HETEROCYCLIC AMINES
Mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds
Not just fried and grilled beef and fish
Formed in any protein
industrially treated, protein
rich foods
More HCAs formed at the processing plant than in the home
kitchen or
barbecue grill.
Modern soy products such as TVP, SPI, SPC and HVP may
undergo 3 or more
heat treatments before they reach the supermarket
Thus they can carry high levels of HCAs
EAT HERE, GET GAS!
Soy Protein Isolate contains
residues of 38 petroleum
compounds,
including:
Butyl, methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids
Phenols, diphenyls and phenyl esters Abietic
acid derivatives, diehydroabietinal, hexanal and
2-butyl-2-octenal alcdehydes Dehudroabietic
acid methyl ester
Dehydroabietene and Abietatriene
HEXANE
• Organic solvents used by the vegetable industry to
extract oil from
beans and seeds
• Hexane the most widely used solvent by 1941.
Irritates the lungs
Depresses the central nervous system
• The oil industry claims that "desolventizing" processes
remove hexane
residues.
The truth is some traces always remain.
Average recommended fiber intake (grams per day)
Age
1-3
4-8
9-13
14-18
19-30
31-50
51-70
Over 70
Childre
n
19 g
25 g
Boys
Girls
31 g
38 g
26 g
26 g
Men
Women
38 g
38 g
30 g
21 g
25 g
25 g
21 g
21 g
Pregna
nt
28 g
28 g
These are the standing recommendations from the Food and Nutrition Board, a
division of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, which is the
body that establishes the nutritional policy guidelines of the U.S. Government
"I didn’t set out to
write it because I was a
healthy and vibrant
vegetarian, but
because a high-fiber,
high-carb diet almost
killed me." –Konstantin
Monastyrsky
To control lust, Graham
prescribed a high-fiber
vegetarian diet
Sylvester Graham (1794–1851)
In 2004 alone, the
Kellogg Company
spent over $3.5
billion on
“promotional
expenditures.” No
wonder fiber is still
on everyone’s
mind and in
everyone’s stools
TYPICAL ADVICE ON
INCREASING FIBER
• Eat a high fiber cereal or add a few spoonfuls of
wheat bran to your cereal
• Add bran when making meatloaf, breads, muffins,
cakes & cookies
• Choose whole grain bread
• Use whole wheat flour
• Experiment with whole grains
• Add canned bans to soups and salads
• Eat high fiber snacks such as fruits, vegetables,
popcorn and whole grain crackers
Just one cup of Kellogg's All Bran with
extra fiber meets the 30 grams per day
recommendation
for adults and exceeds the
recommendations for children.
HIDDEN FIBER IN PACKAGED
AND PROCESSED FOODS
• Cellulose
B-glucans
Pectin
Guar gum
Cellulose gum
Carrageen
Agar-agar
Hemicellulose
• Inulin
Lignin
Oligofructose
Fructooligosaccharides
Polydextrose
Polylos
Psyllium
Resistant dextrin
Resistant starch
FIBER ADDITIVES
• Wood pulp
Cotton
Seaweed
Husks
Skins
Seeds
Tubers
Plants not suitable for human consumption
Detoxification and Bowel
Cleansing Programs
A high fiber diet is a high
carbohydrate diet.
A high fiber diet is a high
carbohydrate diet.
• "Paradoxically if your goal is to add bulk to
your diet, you are better off taking a
supplemental fiber, then consuming a highfiber natural diet, because supplements don't
add any digestible carbohydrates to an already
bad mix." -- Konstantin Monastrysky
WHAT'S WRONG WITH FIBER?
• Human digestive organs can handle a limited amount of
indigestible fiber.
• Mother Nature did not design us to consume massive
amounts of fiber.
• Bloating,
• Gas
• Dysbiosis
• Stomach Cramps
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Rectal Bleeding
• Unrelieved Constipation
FIBER'S LINK TO EPIDEMIC
GUT PROBLEMS
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Acid reflux
Ulcers
Constipation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Colitis ,
Crohn's
Colon Cancer
Excitotoxins
Excitotoxins exist naturally in the body and are normally used
by the brain in small, carefully controlled concentrations.
HEXANE
• Organic solvents used by the vegetable
industry to extract oil from beans and seeds
• Hexane the most widely used solvent by 1941.
Irritates the lungs
Depresses the central nervous system
• The oil industry claims that "desolventizing"
processes remove hexane residues.
The truth is some traces always remain.
The End
I would like to thank Martha Pickard MS
for research assistance and for help with
this PowerPoint presentation.