Download Pulses have a clear benefit for consumers - Guy Coudert

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Pulses Have Clear Benefits
For Consumers
Guy Coudert
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Who are the consumers ?

Difficult to answer

North/South ?

East/West ?

Developped countries/Developping countries ?

Or…
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Consumers in a changing world
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Consumers in a changing world
World Population
2007
6,7
2020
7,7
2050
9,2
Over 60s
830
420
230
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
Life expectancy

Swaziland 32

Andorra 83
Consumers in a changing world
Why aren’t you worried about climate change/global warming?
47%
There are many more other serious/urgent problems in the world
40%
Humans do not cause it/it is just natural variation
18%
It is no yet a problem
15%
It will not affect me in my lifetime
14%
Technologies will take care of the problem for us
14%
Warmer temperatures are good for me
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What Does the Consumers Want?
4 megatrends
Health/
Well-Being
Indulgence/
Pleasure
Ethical
Convenience/
Practicality
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GDP / Household expenditures on food
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Health & Well Being
« Globesity" - A major public health

The global epidemic of overweight and obesity is rapidly
becoming a major public health problem in many parts of
the world.

Paradoxically coexisting with undernutrition in
developing countries.

The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity is
associated with many diet-related chronic diseases
including :

diabetes mellitus,

cardiovascular disease,

stroke, hypertension and,

certain cancers.
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The International Classification of adult
underweight, overweight and obesity

BMI classification Body Mass Index
(BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height
that is commonly used to classify
underweight, overweight and obesity in
adults.

BMI = 70 kg / (1.75 m)2 = 70 / 3,0625 =
22.9
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The International Classification of adult
underweight, overweight and obesity
You are 1,75 m high
and your weight is
You BMI is
Your
Classification
Below 57 kg
<18.50
Underweight
Between 57 & 77 kg
18.50 - 24.99
Normal range
Between 77 & 92 kg
=25.00
Overweight
Above 92 kg
=30.00
Obese
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FAO World Overweigth (Obese + pre-Obese)
80
70
30
20
USA 66,4
UK 67,8
Saudi Arabia 73,4
60
50
40
Tunisia 43,9
Ireland 44,0
Belgium 44,1
India 4;5
Laos 9,4
Ghana 11,24
10
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Body-mass index and cause-specific
mortality in 900 000 adults

Results of a collaborative analyses of
57 prospective studies The Lancet, 28
March 2009

In both sexes, mortality was lowest at
about 22·5—25 kg/m2.

Above this range, each 5 kg/m2 higher
BMI was on average associated with
about 30% higher overall mortality
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The relations with pulses?
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Eat at least one dark green and one orange vegetable each day.
Choose vegetables and fruit with little or no added fat, sugar or salt.
Have vegetables and fruit more often than juice.
Make at least half of your grain products whole grain each day.
Choose grain products that are lower in fat, sugar or salt.
Drink skim, 1% or 2% milk each day. Drink fortified soy beverage if you do not drink milk.
Select lower fat milk alternatives.
Have meat alternatives such as beans, lentils and tofu often.
Choose at least two Food Guide Servings of fish each week.
Select lean meat and alternatives prepared with little or no added fat or salt.
Include a small amount of unsaturated fat each day.
Satisfy your thirst with water.
Limit foods and beverages high in calories, fat, sugar or salt.
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
When selecting and preparing meat, poultry, dry beans,
and milk or milk products, make choices that are lean,
low-fat, or fat-free.

Vegetarians could select only nuts, seeds, and legumes
from the meat and beans group.

Women and Folic Acid

A daily intake of 400 μg/day of synthetic folic acid (from
fortified foods or supplements in addition to food forms of folate
from a varied diet).

It is not known whether the same level of protection could be
achieved by using food that is naturally rich in folate.
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France PNNS Dietary recommandations
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Leguminous seeds

Leguminous seeds that are consumed as food are;
chickpea, lentil, bean, pea, kidney-bean and soybean.

Because its dietary fibre content is high and its fat
content is low, they must be placed in diets of cardiac
patients.

To increase protein quality they must be consumed with
cereal grains.

They must be consumed with foods that are rich of
vitamin C, for beneficence of minerals, especially iron

To maintain the balance between height and on the
basis of it appropriate weight is the key for long and
healthy life.
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
Variety in food is not only the spice of life but
also the essence of nutrition and health.

Cereals, millets and pulses are major sources
of most nutrients.

Inclusion of eggs, flesh foods and fish
enhances the quality of diet. However,
vegetarians can derive almost all the nutrients
on cereal/pulse/milk-based diets.
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
Traditionally, Chinese diets have been composed mainly of cereals. With
the development of the economy and the rise in the living standard in China
there is a trend toward consuming more animal foods.

According to the result of the National Nutrition Survey conducted in 1992,
the consumption of animal foods in higher income families has already
exceeded the consumption of cereals.

Such a "westernized" or "affluent"diet contains inappropriately high amounts
of energy and fat and inappropriately low amounts of dietary fiber.

This type of diet may lead to higher incidence of a variety of chronic
disorders.

To remind people to maintain the favorable traditional Chinese diet and
avoid the dietary problems encountered in developed countries,the
Commission stresses that our diet should be based on cereals.
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Going from West to East

Canada and USA: Western Diets

French Paradox

Turkey/India/China diets
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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and
Health Status

Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's
disease (Annals of Neurology)

A total of 2,258 community-based
nondemented individuals in New York were
prospectively evaluated during 4 years.

Higher adherence to the MeDi was associated
with lower risk for AD
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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and
Health Status

The prevention of dementia International
(Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)

Dementia is prevalent in older adults and the
population is ageing.

Having education and maintaining a
Mediterranean diet, have been linked to a
lower incidence of dementia
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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and
Health Status

Conformity to traditional Mediterranean diet and
cancer incidence (British Journal of Cancer )

Adherence to traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) has
been reported to be inversely associated with total, as
well as cardiovascular, mortality.

Degree of adherence to the traditional MD was
assessed through a 10-point scale (0 minimal; 9
maximal) that incorporated key dietary characteristics.
During a median follow-up of 7.9 years and 188 042
total person-years

A two-point increase in the score corresponded to a
12% reduction in cancer incidence
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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and
Health Status

Hazard ratios for incident cancer by score in the
mediterranean Diet Scale among 25 623 cohort
participants
For any cancer
Smoking-related cancers
Smoking-unrelated cancers
By sex (all cancers)
Men
Women
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Category of the mediterranean diet score
Score 0–3
Score 4–5
Score 6–9
Reference
0.84
0.78
Reference
0.83
0.86
Reference
0.86
0.70
Reference
Reference
0.96
0.74
0.83
0.73
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and
Health Status

Incidence and relative risk of type 2 diabetes
during follow-up according to adherence to
Mediterranean food pattern
No in group
Incidence rate ratio adjusted
for age and sex
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Low
(score 0-2)
2253
Moderate
(score 3-6)
9604
High
(score 7-9)
1523
Reference
0.41
0.17
Pulses have clear benefits


Pregnant women and children have
specific needs

Children

Adults

Old persons
They all have different needs
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Food Intake and Social Inequalities
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Healthy Diets: What guidelines?

Highest rates of obesity occur among
populations groups whith highest poverty rates

Diets on refined grains, added sugars and fats
are more affordable than diets based on lean
meats, fish, fresh vegetables and fruit

Rising rates of obesity in industrialized societies
have been linked to the growing consumption of
fast foods, snacks, caloric beverages, sweets
and desserts (University of Washington, Seattle, USA)
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Diet Quality and Health of the Poor

Deficiencies of essential micronutrients are now
recognized as the most widespread nutritional problem
facing the world today, especially among women and
children.

As a result of the “nutrition transition”, hunger among the
poor also manifests itself in over-consumption of cheap,
energy-rich, but nutrient-poor, foods, leading to obesity in
populations still affected by high rates of micronutrient
deficiency.

This nutrition transition, which is rooted in the processes
of globalization, is not just affecting the affluent.

Obesity and related diseases are now problems for poor
countries and poor people.
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Diet Quality and Health of the Poor

Obesity leads to diet-related chronic diseases
such as heart disease, diabetes and some
cancers.

Developing countries thus now face a double
burden of malnutrition (under- and over) and
associated diseases (infectious and chronic).

Policies are needed to address both
micronutrient deficiency and obesity, sometimes
in very different communities, sometimes in the
same. This is a serious nutritional and public
health challenge.
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What is the impact of high world food
prices - who benefits and who loses?

The global cost of imported foodstuffs has jumped by at
least 20 percent since 2006 to the highest level on
record.

It is evident that, when food prices rise, consumers are
the first to suffer.

Especially in low-income and food-deficit countries,
rising food prices translate into hefty increases of food
import bills with negative impacts on the balance of
payments.

For several years, consumers around the world have
benefited from low food prices.
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What is the impact of high world food
prices - who benefits and who loses?

In many countries, farmers could only grow agricultural
crops thanks to strong government support.

Most developing countries could not afford to provide
such support measures. As a result, investment in
agriculture has declined and many poorer countries
became increasingly dependent on imports to meet their
domestic food requirements.

If today’s high prices really trickle down to the farm level
in developing countries, they could have a very positive
impact on food production and convert agriculture into an
engine of growth and employment, especially in rural
areas.
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