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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
scatology  PRONUNCIATION: (skuh-TOL-uh-jee)
MEANING: noun The scientific study of excrement.
“poop talk”!
SUPERBOWEL TIME 
Time to talk some crap!!
started 3-26-12
But FIRST…
Let’s Finish that Pizza Pathway!!
Dr Oz “Poop Primer”
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http://www.doctoroz.com/videos/poop-primer
http://www.onlineschools.org/blog/factsabout-poop/
POOP facts start!
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Dr. Oz recap – 3 most important things you should
known about shape, consistency, and color…
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Indigestible materials move down to sigmoid
colon and wait there (until mass peristalsis
movement to rectum). Dr. Oz says that the
average person takes about 20 hours to push
out what you eat.

More constipated – poo cracks into pellets; due to
dehydration the indigestible materials may wait in
sigmoid colon and collect for days

Diarrhea – caffeine, dairy can speed food along
Dr. Oz recap – 3 most important things you should
known about shape, consistency, and color…

Solutions for constipation – MORE WATER! Get
more fiber (leafy veggies, etc.)
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COLOR: Brown is typical, maybe slightly green
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Black/red = due to bleeding; may be bleeding
ulcer/or due to colitis
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Black color  could be iron pills, etc.
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Red color  could be red gelatin, popsicles, tomato
juice or soup, or very large amounts of beets
Dr. Oz recap – 3 most important things you should
known about shape, consistency, and color…
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“You want your poo to be like a diver, or sinking
submarine”
You don’t want to hear small pellets plunking into
toilet…
Speaking of dogs…

It turns out that, for dogs, a chemical in
chocolate called theobromine is toxic to a
dog when it ingests between 100 and 150
milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

Different types of chocolate contain
different amounts of theobromine:
It would take 20 ounces of milk chocolate
to kill a 20-pound dog, but only 2 ounces
of rich baker's chocolate
Diarrhea vs. Constipation

Diarrhea describes bowel movements
(stools) that are loose and watery.

Constipation occurs when bowel
movements become difficult or less
frequent.
Why is poop brown?
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The color comes mainly from bilirubin, a
pigment that arises from the breakdown of
red blood cells in the liver and bone
marrow.
Iron in hemoglobin in red blood cells gives
blood its red color, and iron in the waste
product bilirubin gives rise to its brown
color.
Does your poop float?

Rapidly sinking stool can indicate that a
person isn't eating enough fiber-rich foods,
such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains,
or drinking enough water.

This stool is often dark because they have
been sitting in the intestines for a
prolonged time.
What is a fart?

Fart is the gas that you pass from your
intestine through your anus
Why do we fart?
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When we eat, we also swallow air
Food gets digested in the intestines, gas is
produced- these gases when passed out
through the intestine form the anus into the air
are called FARTS/passing gas!
The gases that make farts smell bad
contain ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
which are made in the intestine
Some things you do - like drinking lots of
soda makes you fart even more!
Why do we vomit?
Vomiting or throwing up is a
process to help protect us from
serious injury or even death!
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It typically happens when a person eats
or drinks something that the body deems
as poisonous. Sometimes it is a result of
toxins created by an illness or disease.
Why do we burp?

A burp (or belch) is nothing but gas!

When you eat or drink, you don't just swallow
food or liquid. You also swallow air at the
same time.
The Drs…
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http://www.thedoctorstv.com/main/content/Po
op_Scoop
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POOP SCOOP!
“When you can’t stand your own fart
smell, is that bad?”

Gas may smell worse when you consume foods
that are fried, high in sugar, and carbonated
beverages such as soda.

Gas may also smell more when
you eats things that you are allergic
to and maybe intolerant of such as dairy.

Digestive disorders such as Celiac disease,
diverticulitis, colitis, etc. could also contribute to
the smell.
“Why do we fart more
when we eat beans?”

Beans contain sugars (oligosaccharides )
that humans cannot digest. When these
sugars reach our intestines, bacteria breaks
them down and gas is released.

Other well known fart-producing foods include corn, bell
peppers, cabbage, and milk.
“What would happen if you didn’t
poop for a week?”
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Defecating every day is like cleaning out your
digestive system
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If you keep your feces for an extra day...
harmful bacteria in your intestine will have more
time to multiply and you could be compromising
your immune system
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Solutions: veggies, fiber… laxatives
“Why do they use poop for fertilizer?”
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To start…the poop of any carnivore should never
be used for fertizer!
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Human (as well as dog and cat) poop can also carry
pathogens.
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The poop of herbivores is the good stuff!
Cows, horses, sheep, essentially all
grass grazing animals produce great
nitrogen-rich droppings.
“Why do you get
cramps (after eating)?”
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Cramp = involuntary muscle contraction
If you do any major physical activity (including
swimminmg) after eating, you may experience
cramps.

If you had a light snack you could continue
physical aftivity soon after but if you just chowed
down you may need to wait as long as two hours.

These cramps are typically due to excess gas and
bloating… and often followed by diarrhea.
“Is it possible to poop and pee
at the same time?”
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OF COURSE! We know that is it is MUSCLES that are involved
in helping us to defecate (as well as urinate) These muscles allow
us to hold feces and urine in as well as excrete both.
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We have learned that the primary muscles that function to hold in
feces are the internal (involuntary) and external (voluntary) anal
sphincters.
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Due to the pressure receptors in our rectum, and we feel the need
to defecate. Control of urine is similar. The muscles are smaller,
but the idea is the same.

We often urinate when we defecate, but not the other way around.
This is because our anal sphincters are stronger than our urinary
sphincters and it is easier for us to have control over our bowels
than our urine.
“Why can adults hold their
poop for longer periods of time?”
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Control of external voluntary anal canal
sphincter

Defecation is under conscious (voluntary)
control in adults but unconscious
(involuntary) control in babies and infants
until voluntary control of the external anal
sphincter muscle has developed.
“Why do I poop every day in the
morning?”
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Because you just had your morning cup of
coffee of course!!??
“Why do people vomit when they see
something gross?”

Often is an emotional reaction. It can be the
result of informal social training.
"Oh that's gross, I'm going puke!!”

Vomiting occurs when the nervous supply to the
pharynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum of
the small intestine is overstimulated.

This often occurs as a result of irritation to these
organs or due to emotional cues
“Why is it that you have to poop
immediately after eating eggs?”
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High protein, very low in fiber….
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So go through the system quickly!
“can you poop all 7 types of poo
throughout the day?”
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…
“Is there a fart chart?”
“What is the active ingredient
in laxatives?”
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Laxatives work to increase the movement of feces
along the colon.
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Some laxatives combine more than one active
ingredient. Laxatives may be oral or in suppository
form.
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Main ingredient: Lactulose - which retains water in
the colon, and increases peristalsis in the colon.
Esophageal Screening & Colonoscopy
ENDOSCOPY
IBD, Crohn’s, Colitis
Inflammatory or irritable
bowel disease = IBD
Ulcerative colitis is a type of IBD that usually affects
only the mucosa of the large intestine (colon) and
rectum
Crohn's disease is a form of IBD that usually affects
the intestines, but may occur anywhere from the
mouth to the end of the rectum (anus)
Celiac Disease
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Celiac disease is a condition that damages
the lining (villi) of the small intestine
This is due to a reaction to eating gluten,
which is found in wheat, barley, and rye
Hernias
A hernia is usually a sac formed by the lining of the
abdominal cavity (peritoneum). The sac comes
through a hole or weak area in the fascia.
When repaired the muscle as well as the lining needs
to be closed up.
Gastric Bypass
Let’s Feed the System again!
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http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science
/health-and-human-body/humanbody/digestive-system-article.html