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MEAL MANAGEMENT PLANNING MEALS Planning Meals Meal management involves using resources of skills, money, and time to put together a nutritious meal. A meal manager must plan wellbalanced menus; shop for healthful, economical foods; and prepare meals in the time available. Planning meals How do you begin to plan great meals? Meal planning Cookbooks, magazines, and the food sections of newspapers often give many good menu suggestions You might also keep a collection of your family’s favorite recipes and add to it as you discover new favorites Five factors when you meal plan Nutritious and appealing Meals that suit your cooking skills Food budget Available preparation time Planning for nutrition You must plan carefully to have meals and snacks that will supply all the essential nutrients. Pyramid meal pattern A meal pattern is a guide that outlines the basic foods normally served at a meal. Two to three servings from the grains group One to two servings from the vegetable group One to two servings from the fruit group One serving from the milk group One serving from the meat and bean group Meal pattern Grain products should be the foundation of each day’s meal Vegetables are easy to include in meals and snacks. Fruit should be include each day as a drink, whole, or in a salad Milk as a beverage or foods made with milk. Variety in Meals Color, flavor, texture, shape, size, and temperature are important points to consider in planning meals with variety. Keeping these factors in mind will help you plan meals that are attractive as well as delicious. Color Color adds eye appeal to meals, so plan meals with a variety of colors. Garnishes can add color and variety to a meal flavor The flavor of foods should complement each other Use well-liked combinations of foods that taste good together Vary the flavors of food items to avoid repeating one flavor Texture Textures of foods should offer variety Crisp, tender, soft, creamy, smooth, crunchy, and chewy describe common food textures. Try to serve at least three textures in each meal. Shape and size Use your creative flair to combine a variety of shapes and sizes in your meals Avoid serving several foods at the same meal that are the same shape and size Temperature Plan to include foods that differ in temperature as part of the meal plan Cultural and societal influences Variety in colors, flavors, textures, and shapes plays a role in foods of all cultures Culture and society have been influencing people’s food choices since prehistoric times. If you are like most people you tend most often to choose foods that reflect your culture. When you are the Meal Manager As a meal manager, you need to consider more than the nutrition and appearance of the food. Consider your skills, your budget, and the amount of time you have available Your cooking skills The meals you plan are often determined by the preparation skills you have developed. Little experience, simple meals Have patience with yourself as you learn to cook With practice your cooking skills will develop Your food budget The amount of money budgeted for food is an important factor in planning meals Limited food budget Use care to select foods that are economical as well as nutritious Weekly specials, coupons, seasonal foods, Your preparation time Convenience foods are food products that have some preparation steps done to them Usually ready to heat and serve Require some preparation, but they require less time than made-from-scratch foods. Plan foods that require no cooking Preparation time Plan meals that suit the time you have available for preparation. A variety of eating schedules. Meals will have to be planned to meet these various schedules Select food that taste good reheated Plan to have food items on hand for family members to make their own meals. 15-2 Shopping for Food Plan and organize a shopping list Describe different types of food stores List factors to consider when deciding how much food to buy Explain how to recognize quality in foods Shopping list Shopping for food is an important part of meal planning You must decide what to buy, where to shop, and how much will meet your needs As a smart shopper you must also be able to evaluate the quality of food products. Shopping list A shopping list is a detailed list of the kinds and amounts of foo you want to buy. Save three valuable resources by planning you shopping list Time Energy money list Write you shopping list before you go grocery shopping Review your recipes you are planning to prepare List all the items you need for your weekly menus and snacks Add staples items Save time and energy by organizing your shopping list according to the grocery store layout. Deciding where to shop Four types of food stores are supermarkets Discount supermarkets Specialty sores Convenience stores supermarkets Sell a wide range of food and household products Charge lower prices because they do a high volume of business Convenience services Check cashing Home delivery Discount supermarkets Sell foods and household items at discounted prices Offer less variety Fewer customer services Specialty stores Specialize in carrying one type of food item Prices are often higher Quality and personalized service Convenience stores Offer convenient locations Longer hours Fast service Product selection is limited Prices are higher Is the added cost worth the convenience. Evaluating store features Does the store offer courteous service and helpful employees? Is the sore clean and well maintained? Are meats, produce, and dairy products always fresh? Does the store stock a variety of foods in various packages sizes to meet you needs? Is the checkout fast and efficient? Deciding how much food to buy Your decision should be based on your food budget Serving sizes Storage space Shelf life Recognizing quality in foods Wise buying includes knowing which quality is best suited to your needs Stores stock various brands of products; National brands House brands Generic products National brands Advertised nationwide Generally of high quality Cost more House brands Brands that are sold by a store or chain of stores Quality is similar to national brands Usually cost less Generic products Plain labels containing only the names of the products and other required label information Nutritionally equivalent to national and house brands, but the quality may not be the same. Quality Foods For best quality avoid buying damaged packages. 15-3 Buying Information Use unit pricing to compare the cost of food products Describe four types of open dating used to indicate the freshness of food products Identify the types of information found on food product labels and tell how it can be used to make wise purchase decisions List three sources of consumer information about food products Unit pricing Unit pricing shows the cost per standard unit of weight or measure. Unit pricing to compare prices among brands, package sizes, and products form Unit pricing labels are usually posted on the shelves beneath food items. Open dating Process gives you information about the freshness of foods Appears in four forms: Pack date-tells you when the food was processed Pull date-last day a store should sell the product. Usually found on dairy and cold cuts. Open dating Freshness date-it indicates the end of the products quality peak, but the product can be used beyond this date. Expiration date-last day a product should be used or eaten. Food Label Information According to government regulations certain information must appear on labels: The common name of the product and its form, such as whole, sliced, or diced The net contents or net weight The name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor A list of ingredients Label information Ingredients must be listed on the label in descending order by weight Food additives are substances that are added to food for a specific purpose May be added during and phase of production Subject of concern to some people Nutrition Facts Panel By law, almost all packaged food products are required to include nutrition labeling The panel includes the following nutrition facts: Serving size Servings per container Calories per serving and calories from fat Nutrition Label Nutrients per serving, including total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, sugars, and protein Percent daily values of nutrients based on a 2,000 calorie diet Universal product code Universal product code is a group of bars and numbers that contains price and product information. Automatically records the information about the product Customer’s receipt list the items purchased and their prices, along with the total. 15-4 Storing Foods Describe general guidelines for storing foods Identify two examples of technology in food packaging Storing Foods Storing food properly is just as important as selecting it. Should be stored at home as they were in the grocery store Will help maintain the quality of food storage Refrigerator perishable foods Freezer Tightly wrap foods in heavy duty foil and freezer wrap or place in airtight containers. Label Date Practice FIFO storage On a shelf Food rotation-store the freshest food at the back of the shelf use the oldest first Technology in food packaging These packaging methods allow some perishable foods to be stored on pantry shelves . These methods also allow for improved flavor and nutrition at a reduced cost Aseptic packaging foods and containers are sterilized separately, then the food is packed in the container in a sterile chamber. Juices, soups, tofu Technology Retort packaging Foods are sealed in foil pouches and then sterilized. This type of packaging is used for some shelf-stable entrees Stored for up to six months
