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Ancient Mesopotamia http://www.clay.k12.fl.us/spc/nautical/MESO7.JPG http://www.talariaenterprises.com/6400_6599/6545a.jpg Sumer • Region in southern Mesopotamia • Sumerians made some of the 1st wheeled vehicles • Made simple machines – Pottery Wheels • Explored new ideas in math & science • Invented a system of writing Cuneiform • System of writing invented in Sumer • Appeared around 3500 B.C. • Developed to record farm surplus • 500 signs used regularly School in Sumer • It was an honor to go to school • Boys and very rarely girls learned to be scribes • Scribes also studied mathematics City-States of Sumer • City-state a self governing city that also governs surrounding villages. • City-States in Sumer http://home.cfl.rr.com/crossland/mesopotamia_map.gif – Ur – Uruk – Eridu Living in a Sumerian City • City-states went to war – To gain control of precious river water • City gates were built for protection • King’s palace could be seen from anywhere • Ziggurat stood in the center of the city. – Large building with a temple on top http://home.earthlink.net/~valis2/sumer.html Religion in Sumer • Polytheism -> the belief in many gods • Ziggurat located in center of city – Indicates religion was important • Each city-state had a special god • Example of Sumerian Gods – Ishtar – goddess of love & war – Enki – god of water http://home.earthlink.net/~valis2/sumer.html Uniting the City-States • Sargon – king of Kish – United the citystates of Sumer • Expanded the empire north • Traded with seafaring people • Cuneiform spread through the Fertile Crescent. http://www.livius.org/a/1/mesopotamia/sargon_louvre.JPG