Download 029 Chapter 29 - Strive Studios

029 Chapter 29
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Animals are classified according to all of the following features except:
A. segmentation
B. mode of reproduction
C. body symmetry
D. germ layers
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the porifera?
A. spicules
B. two tissue layers
C. osculum
D. amoeboid cells
E. asexual reproduction
3. Obelia has all of the following characteristics except:
A. chitinous covering
B. statocysts and nematocysts
C. alternation of generations
D. bilateral symmetry
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all animals?
A. They ingest food.
B. They produce gametes by meiosis.
C. They reproduce asexually by mitosis.
D. Food is digested in a central cavity.
E. The adult form is diploid in a diplontic life cycle.
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5. Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals?
A. The majority of animal species are invertebrates.
B. Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment.
C. Most animal phyla are invertebrate.
D. Fossils of all major invertebrate species are known from the start of the Cambrian period.
E. Invertebrates lack a nervous system.
6. The term "coelom" is based on the Greek root word meaning
A. stuck in one place.
B. without a backbone.
C. little spear.
D. cold.
E. cavity.
7. Animals that have three layers of embryonic tissue and have one solid mass of tissue rather than tissues
and organs nestled inside a body cavity are
A. acoelomate.
B. eucoelomate.
C. pseudocoelomate.
D. quasicoelomate.
E. coelomate.
8. Animals that have three layers of embryonic tissue but have organs in a cavity that is not completely lined
with mesoderm are
A. acoelomate.
B. eucoelomate.
C. pseudocoelomate.
D. quasicoelomate.
E. coelomate.
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9. Animals that have three layers of embryonic tissue with organs in a cavity that is completely lined with
mesoderm are
A. acoelomate.
B. eucoelomate.
C. pseudocoelomate.
D. quasicoelomate.
E. coelomate.
10. Coelomates that develop with the blastopore becoming the mouth are
A. gastrocoelomate.
B. blastocoelomate.
C. protostomes.
D. deuterostomes.
E. triploblastic.
11. A recent study of the marine hawksbill turtles' stomach contents revealed that sponges constitute a major
portion of their diet. Sponge beds are generally protected from predators by their calcium and silica
crystals, but these were found in the turtles' digestive systems. These protective sponge structures are
A. amoebocytes.
B. osculum.
C. choanocytes.
D. spicules.
E. spongin.
12. A sponge actually feeds by
A. acting as a net in a current that sweeps food particles through it.
B. squeezing the spongocoel cavity and sucking debris in and out through the osculum.
C. the beating of the flagella of collar cells, forming a current; food is absorbed by collar cells.
D. the beating collar cells form a current from osculum to pores; the food is engulfed by amoebocytes in
the central cavity of the sponge.
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13. Press a sponge through a coarse cloth bag and extrude the whole cells through the holes. The cells then
A. reproduce sexually.
B. die from being separated.
C. form spicules in the pattern of the cloth.
D. all go back to primitive cells and soon differentiate into another sponge.
E. reassemble into a new organized sponge with each cell resuming its original job.
14. Why are genuine bath sponges (rare) so soft?
A. The silica is washed away and the calcium carbonate remains.
B. The spongin spicules are washed away and the silky silica remains.
C. The choanocytes are softer and the amoebocytes are washed away.
D. The harder silica or calcium spicules are broken and washed away and the softer spongin remains.
15. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of sponges?
A. sessile filter feeders
B. body wall has two cell layers
C. flagellated collar cells move water
D. water enters through a single cavity, the osculum
E. amoeboid cells digest food and make skeletal fibers and gametes
16. Which statement about sponges is NOT correct?
A. The larval form is ciliated and able to swim to a suitable location.
B. Sponges are classified on the basis of their type of skeletal material.
C. Sponges resemble a colony of protozoan cells more than a multicellular animal.
D. Sponges are thought to be on the evolutionary pathway leading to more complex animals such as corals
and worms.
17. Of the following organisms, which is the most evolutionarily advanced, with more complex body
structure?
A. roundworms
B. cnidaria
C. sponges
D. flatworms
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18. Which of the following types of skeletal material is NOT found in at least some sponges?
A. spicules of calcium carbonate
B. spicules of silica
C. spicules of fibrous protein
D. spongin of fibrous protein
19. Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct?
A. Sponges have no nerve fibers.
B. Sponges have no fully developed muscle fibers.
C. Amoeboid cells capture food particles from the water.
D. Sponges may reproduce asexually by budding or by regeneration from a small piece.
E. Cells of a single sponge will recognize others of the same kind and re-aggregate if the cells are
separated and allowed to re-associate.
20. Which of the following are NOT cnidaria?
A. corals
B. planaria
C. sea anemones
D. hydrozoa
E. Portuguese man-of-war
21. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about cnidaria?
A. The adult body is bilaterally symmetrical.
B. Most are found in shallow coastal marine environments.
C. There are two tissue layers, an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis.
D. Stinging cells contain a threadlike nematocyst released to capture prey.
E. A jellylike mesoglea contains cells that form a nerve net throughout the body.
22. Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra?
A. a swimming medusa with mouth pointing downward
B. a swimming medusa with mouth pointing upward
C. a sessile medusa with mouth pointing upward
D. a sessile polyp form with mouth pointing downward
E. a freely moving polyp with mouth pointing upward
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23. If you play with a living anemone with a probe, it will withdraw even if you vibrate the probe like a food
animal would vibrate; it also withdraws if you just add sugar. However, it reaches out and grasps an object
that both vibrates and tastes like food. The use of such a double system prevents unnecessary firing of
expensive nematocysts. Why are nematocysts "expensive"?
A. The organism dies without nematocysts.
B. The research equipment to detect them is very expensive.
C. Nematocysts are used in medicine and are very expensive to harvest.
D. The nematocyst is very complex and costs the anemone much energy to build.
24. The term "nematocyst" is based on the Greek root word meaning
A. stuck in one place.
B. middle glue.
C. little spear.
D. thread bladder.
E. false cavity.
25. A hydra moves via
A. nematocysts.
B. alternation of generations.
C. contraction of the nerve net.
D. epitheliomuscular cells in the epidermis.
E. epitheliomuscular fibers in the mesoglea.
26. How do Obelia reproduce sexually?
A. Male polyps and female polyps produce sperm and eggs, respectively, that fuse and grow into a
medusa.
B. The swimming medusae are male and female and the fertilized eggs develop into planula larvae.
C. They produce a polyp that makes sperm and eggs (like a hydra) and grows into another polyp.
D. The swimming medusae are male and female and the fertilized eggs develop into more jellyfish
medusae.
E. All of the choices are correct.
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27. What system do the cnidaria and comb jellies have that sponges lack?
A. respiratory
B. nervous
C. circulatory
D. excretory
E. reproductive
28. A floating Portuguese man-of-war is
A. a cubozoan.
B. merely a non-circular jellyfish.
C. a free-swimming polyp in the hydra group.
D. the first animal with complete organ systems.
E. in the hydra group and is a colony composed of different types of individuals.
29. Which statement about cnidaria is NOT true?
A. Reproduction is both sexual and asexual.
B. Some forms are sessile and others are motile.
C. They live in either marine or freshwater environments.
D. Tentacles are used to capture prey and put it into the mouth.
E. The body plan is tube-within-a-tube, with both mouth and anus.
30. The name "hydra" is based on the Greek word for
A. a mythological many-headed serpent.
B. aquatic or living in water.
C. marine or living in the sea.
D. head development.
E. false cavity.
31. Which of the following is correct in matching the common name with a phylum name?
A. planarianNematoda
B. flukePlatyhelminthes
C. coralPorifera
D. roundwormCnidaria
E. spongeAnthozoa
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32. Planaria feed by
A. attaching with a sucker(s) and extracting blood.
B. tearing and sucking food particles via a mid-belly dead-end tube.
C. slurping food particles through a mouth and excreting waste via an anus.
D. soaking all nutrients from the environment through its thin epidermal surface.
33. In flame cells,
A. light is detected.
B. ciliated sperm are stored.
C. undigested food is expelled.
D. slow fires actually burn food for energy.
E. cilia drive fluids through tubules for excretion.
34. Planaria move by
A. flame cells.
B. small pseudopodia.
C. lateral undulation of muscles.
D. expulsion of fluids as with squid.
E. secreting a film of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia.
35. Flukes are divided into Monogenea and Digenea. Monogenea have a posterior holdfast with hooks,
clamps, and suckers; Digenea have suckers but never hooks and clamps. Monogenea have only one host in
the life cycle, and usually live on gills or skin of fish and amphibians; Digenea have at least two hosts and
often three or more, and are named because they have two reproductive states in their life cycle (an adult
and intramolluscan phase). From what you now know, the blood fluke Schistosoma would therefore be
A. an endoparasite and Monogenean.
B. an endoparasite and Digenean.
C. an ectoparasite and Digenean.
D. an ectoparasite and Monogenean.
36. A person working in a rice paddy in Asia becomes infected with the liver fluke by
A. eating infected snails.
B. drinking water contaminated with eggs.
C. eating infected undercooked or uncooked fish.
D. swimming or wading in infected water, where the cercariae enter the skin.
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37. The correct sequence of development in a typical fluke life cycle is
A. egg, miracidium, cercaria, sporocyst.
B. egg, miracidium, sporocyst, cercaria.
C. egg, sporocyst, cercaria, miracidium.
D. egg, cercaria, miracidium, sporocyst.
E. egg, sporocyst, miracidium, cercaria.
38. The name of the free-swimming, ciliated stage that hatches from a trematode egg is
A. miracidium.
B. sporocyst.
C. cercaria.
D. scolex.
E. proglottid.
39. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the flatworms?
A. There are three complete tissue layers.
B. Flatworms may be either free-living or parasitic.
C. Flatworms have a sac body plan, with only a mouth and no anus.
D. Parasitic flatworms have a well-developed head with eyespots and nerves concentrated into a brain.
E. Most planaria are found in marine environments, but some dwell in freshwater and moist terrestrial
environments.
40. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the flatworms?
A. Tapeworms have a ladder-type nervous system.
B. Planaria contain pigmented, photosensitive eyespots.
C. Liver flukes and blood flukes are endoparasites in humans.
D. Schistosomiasis is a common human blood disease caused by flukes in tropical areas.
E. Tapeworms are hermaphroditic, having both male and female reproductive structures in each proglottid.
41. Tapeworm eggs with larvae are very small. Small size is an advantage to them because
A. it is not easy to filter them out of drinking water.
B. small eggs are easily spread by raindrop impact onto leaves and taken in by grazing animals.
C. tapeworms produce huge numbers of eggs, which they could not do if the eggs were large and costly to
produce.
D. All of the choices would be of evolutionary advantage.
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42. How could you possibly become infected with adult tapeworms?
A. eating insufficiently cooked pork
B. being bitten by a mosquito
C. ingesting eggs in contaminated water
D. eating freshly peeled fruit
E. All of the choices are correct.
43. The head region of a tapeworm is called the
A. proglottid.
B. cercaria.
C. sporocyst.
D. scolex.
E. glycocalyx.
44. The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which hang in bags as a long chain behind the
head, are called
A. proglottids.
B. cercariae.
C. sporocysts.
D. scolexes.
E. glycocalyxes.
45. Which of the following statements about planaria is NOT true?
A. There is a rudimentary circulatory system with a small central heart.
B. Planaria cut in half can regenerate to form two complete worms.
C. Active movement occurs through ciliary cells and muscle movement.
D. Tissue levels include endoderm (inner), mesoderm (middle), and ectoderm (outer).
E. Cephalization is shown by the formation of a brain and sense organs in a head region.
46. Which of these statements is NOT correct about the flatworms?
A. Planaria do not have an excretory system.
B. Planaria ingest food through a mouth located in the head region.
C. Flukes have two suckers by which they attach to and feed from host tissues.
D. Tapeworms have a scolex with hooks and suckers, by which they attach to the host's intestinal tissues.
E. Tapeworms enter the human body through undercooked meat, especially pork, which contains encysted
larval forms.
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47. The term "pseudocoelom" is based on the Greek words for
A. a mythological many-headed serpent.
B. false backbone.
C. false cavity.
D. head development.
E. lack of a cavity.
48. Which statement is NOT correct about the roundworms?
A. There are three layers of tissues in the body.
B. Roundworms have a tube-within-a-tube body plan.
C. There is an internal body cavity called a pseudocoelom.
D. Roundworms have a smooth unsegmented outside body wall.
E. Roundworms are all carnivores and may be free-living or parasitic.
49. Which of these parasitic worms is NOT a nematode?
A. Ascaris
B. Trichinella
C. Wuchereria
D. pinworms
E. the worm that causes schistosomiasis
50. Which of these parasites does NOT enter the mouth of its human host and leave as eggs with the human
feces?
A. tapeworm
B. pinworm
C. Ascaris
D. planarian
51. Larval Trichinella worms live in the
A. liver.
B. lungs.
C. intestines.
D. lymph glands.
E. skeletal muscle.
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52. Elephantiasis is an enlargement of legs, arms, scrotum, and other tissues caused by
A. an infection of the human coelom by Ascaris.
B. a large number of Trichinella worms encysting in our muscles.
C. contracting a disease that usually occurs in elephants.
D. microscopic roundworms that reproduce and clog lymph glands, causing limbs to swell.
E. a protozoan that lives in tropical roundworms and, when ingested by humans, causes muscles to bloat.
53. Classification of animals is based upon all of the following EXCEPT
A. level of organization.
B. type of body plan.
C. type of symmetry.
D. type of coelom.
E. presence or absence of segmentation.
F. presence or absence of a nervous system.
54. Bilaterally symmetrical animals
A. tend to be active and move forward.
B. are accompanied by cephalization.
C. have right and left sides when cut longitudinally.
D. All of the choices are correct.
55. Of the following types of animals, all are segmented EXCEPT
A. arthropods.
B. annelids.
C. echinoderms.
D. chordates.
56. Radially symmetrical organisms
A. are organized circularly— all longitudinal cuts result in identical halves.
B. are sometimes sessile.
C. can reach in all directions.
D. All of the choices are true.
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57. A dimophic body form means
A. there are two distinctly different body forms in the animal's life cycle.
B. one stage — the medusae — is free swimming.
C. one stage, the polyp, is sessile.
D. All of the choices characterize dimorphic body forms.
58. Tapeworms have extremely well developed respiratory and circulatory systems since they are usually
found within the bodies of other organisms.
True
False
59. The structure that directs food into the body of a rotifer is called the corona.
True
False
60. Sponges have only a cellular level of organization, not tissue level.
True
False
61. The adult jellyfish has a polyp body form.
True
False
62. The sea anemone and coral have only a polyp body form.
True
False
63. Hydras reproduce sexually through production of gametes in ovaries and testes.
True
False
64. Flatworms are radially symmetrical.
True
False
65. Planaria contain both male and female reproductive structures in each individual.
True
False
66. The blood fluke is a roundworm with both male and female reproductive organs within each individual.
True
False
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67. Pork should be eaten fully cooked to avoid being infested with tapeworms and Trichinella.
True
False
68. Roundworms are limited to tropical regions, except for those that are parasitic on humans.
True
False
69. Sponges have a level of organization at the tissue level.
True
False
70. Members of the Ctenophora (comb jellies) have the majority of their body form as mesoglea.
True
False
71. Animals with a sac body plan have an incomplete digestive tract.
True
False
72. Describe and compare the cellular and tissue organization of the following animals: sponge, jellyfish,
roundworm, planarian.
73. Describe the means of movement of each of the following animals: planarian, jellyfish, roundworm.
74. Discuss the ways in which sponges are different from cnidaria, roundworms, and flatworms.
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75. Describe the differences between the body forms of jellyfish, Portuguese man-of-war, and hydra.
76. Describe the life cycle of a pork tapeworm.
77. Compare the body structure and life cycle of a planarian and a tapeworm.
78. Describe the life cycle of a Trichinella worm.
79. After reading the descriptions of all of the parasitic cycles of flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms, what
factors protect an average American from most of these worm parasites? Be sure to discuss clothing and
shoes, winter weather, food preparation, use of human wastes as fertilizer, general medical care, sanitation
facilities, and general economics.
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029 Chapter 29 Key
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. E
6. E
7. A
8. C
9. E
10. C
11. D
12. C
13. E
14. D
15. D
16. D
17. A
18. C
19. C
20. B
21. A
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22. E
23. D
24. D
25. D
26. B
27. B
28. E
29. E
30. A
31. B
32. B
33. E
34. E
35. B
36. C
37. B
38. A
39. D
40. A
41. D
42. A
43. D
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44. A
45. A
46. B
47. C
48. E
49. E
50. D
51. E
52. D
53. F
54. D
55. C
56. D
57. D
58. FALSE
59. TRUE
60. TRUE
61. FALSE
62. TRUE
63. TRUE
64. FALSE
65. TRUE
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66. FALSE
67. TRUE
68. FALSE
69. FALSE
70. TRUE
71. TRUE
72. Answers will vary.
73. Answers will vary.
74. Answers will vary.
75. Answers will vary.
76. Answers will vary.
77. Answers will vary.
78. Answers will vary.
79. Answers will vary.
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