Download Europeans in the New World - Fort Johnson Middle School

Europeans in the New World:
Santa Elena – Spanish settlement on Parris Island; capital of Spanish Florida; burned down by Native Americans
Charlesfort – French settlement on Parris Island; led by Jean Ribaut
San Miguel de Gualdape – First attempt at a settlement in Carolina; led by Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon
Albemarle Point – first English settlement in Carolina; present-day Charles Town Landing
Oyster Point – permanent site of Charleston; now known as downtown
Jamestown – first permanent English settlement in the New World; located in Virginia
Imports – goods shipped into a place
Exports – goods shipped out of a place
Moving into the Back Country:
Carolina Gold – rice; our first cash crop
Indigo – a plant that produces a blue dye; became a cash crop in SC; growth was perfected by Eliza Lucas Pinckney
French and Indian War – war fought in North America over land in the Ohio Valley
Cherokee War – conflict fought in the Carolina Back Country
Seven Years’ War – world war fought between France and Britain
Yemassee War – conflict fought in the Carolina Low Country
Stede Bonnet – “Gentleman Pirate” hanged in Charles Town
Proprietary colony – land ruled by a group of people in another place to make money
Edward Teech – pirate who held Charles Town hostage; killed in North Carolina
Royal colony – land ruled by a king in another place
The American Revolution:
Stamp Act - tax on newspapers and legal documents that must be stamped, almost everyone would have to pay
Tea Act – colonists could buy tea only from Britain’s East India Tea Company
Loyalists/Tories – people who supported Britain; mostly in SC’s Back Country
Patriots – people who supported independence; mostly in SC’s Low Country
Sons of Liberty – enforced boycotts, organized protests, and spoke out against the Stamp Act
Francis Marion – “Swamp Fox;” master of partisan warfare
Andrew Pickens – “Wizard Owl;” master of partisan warfare
Henry Laurens – helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris
Christopher Gadsden – leader of the Sons of Liberty in SC
Thomas Sumter – “Gamecock;” master of partisan warfare
John Rutledge – first governor of the state of South Carolina
Battle of Fort Moultrie – remembered by the palmetto tree on the state flag; first British attack in SC
Battle of Lexington and Concord – first battle of the American Revolution (in Massachusetts)
Battle of Cowpens – General Morgan used militia to set up a trap for Banastre Tarleton
Battle of King’s Mountain – major turning point of the war in SC
Partisan warfare – hit and run tactics; surprise attacks
Battle of Camden – American defeat; showed that the British were better at lined warfare
The Siege of Charleston – took over a month; a formal assault on Charleston
Buford’s Massacre – used to turn South Carolinians against the British through propaganda
Early US Government:
Articles of Confederation – document that governed the US during the American Revolution; our first government
3/5 Compromise – determined how much representation a state would have in the House of Representatives; slaves
counted as 3/5 of a person
Great Compromise – a deal that created two houses of our legislative branch (Senate and House of Representatives)
Commerce Compromise – deal that protected the South from taxes on exports
Executive – president, vice president, and the cabinet
Legislative – law-making branch of the government
Judicial – Supreme Court
US House of Representatives – lower house of Congress; representation based on population
US Senate – two representatives from every state
Anti-Federalists – opposed a strong national government; the Bill of Rights was created to make them happy
SC legislature – controlled by the Low Country planters
Governor – state executive
Antebellum: The Road to War:
Kansas-Nebraska Act – declared that popular sovereignty would decide whether a state was slave or free
Bleeding Kansas – result of Kansas-Nebraska Act; people from both slave and free states moved into Kansas to sway
the vote; resulted in violence
Nullification – refusal to obey a law
Antebellum – the period of time before the Civil War
Cotton gin – revolutionized agriculture in SC; invented by Eli Whitney; unified the state in slavery
Compromise of 1850 – California entered US as a free state; fugitive slave law was included to appease Southerners
Popular Sovereignty – settlers voted on whether to become a slave state or a free state
Sectionalism – loyalty to a particular region of a country instead of the nation as a whole
Missouri Compromise – allowed Missouri to come into the union as a slave state because Maine came in as a free state
at the same time
Cooperationists – moderate secessionists who wanted to work with other states
Unionists – Southerners who did NOT believe in secession
Fire-eaters – radical secessionists who gave passionate speeches
Abolitionists – people who wanted to see slavery made illegal in the US
Dred Scott – slave who took his case for freedom to the Supreme Court
John Brown – raided the federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
Denmark Vesey – hanged in 1822 for trying to start a slave revolt in Charleston
Republicans – political group who said slavery was a “social, moral, and political evil”
Civil War in SC:
Ordinance of Secession – document officially dissolving the bond between SC and the US
Confederate States of America – the Southern states which had seceded formed this new country
Robert Smalls – stole The Planter and put it into Union service
Robert E. Lee – commander of the Army of Northern Virginia
U. S. Grant – leading Union general who captured Vicksburg, Mississippi
Jefferson Davis – first and only president of the Confederate States of America
Abraham Lincoln – president of the United States; his original purpose for war was to preserve the Union
William T. Sherman – Union general who led the infamous “March to the Sea”
Gideon’s Band – Northern missionaries who helped in Beaufort
1st Regiment of SC Volunteers – a group of Beaufort slaves who joined the army after being freed by the Union
54th Massachusetts Regiment – led the attack on Fort Wagner
Beaufort Experiment – Northerners opened schools for former slaves and taught them what they needed to know for
after the war
Emancipation Proclamation – freed the slaves in the rebel states; changed the Civil War; made it about abolishing
slavery
Reconstruction in SC:
Freedman’s Bureau – organization to help poor whites and freedmen find places to live, jobs, food, etc.
Wade Hampton III – Civil War hero; elected as governor in 1876
Ku Klux Klan – terrorists who intimidated and killed blacks during Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers – term Democrats used for Northerners who came South for Reconstruction
Scalawags – term for Southerners who sided with the Republican party
Democrats – party of the old Confederate South during Reconstruction
Republicans – party in favor of changing the South during Reconstruction
Constitution of 1865 – contained the Black Codes
Constitution of 1868 – officially gave voting rights to all men in SC
Compromise of 1877 – allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to become president and ended Reconstruction
Post-Bellum SC:
Lost Cause – unified whites in celebration of the old South; parades, monuments, etc.
Hurricane of 1893 – ended the production of rice in SC
Earthquake of 1886 – brought positive attention to our state for the first time since before the Civil War
Crop lien system – gave first rights to crops to the landowner; kept sharecroppers in a cycle of debt
Dibble Plan – created the “Black District”
8 Box Law – Conservatives’ attempt to keep African Americans from voting
Populists – People’s Party
Ben Tillman – voice of the farmers; the “one-eyed ploughboy”
Jim Crow – laws that separated blacks from whites
Dispensary- state controlled alcohol system
Conservatives – the so-called “Bourbons and Redeemers”
Phosphates – industry of producing fertilizers
WWI and the 1920s in SC Quiz:
Boll weevil – responsible for the destruction of half of SC’s cotton crop
Southern Literary Renaissance – a celebration of Southern culture; included the writing of William Faulkner,
Tennessee Williams, Julia Peterkin, and DuBose Heyward
Early Twentieth Century SC:
Prohibition – made the making and sale of alcohol illegal; a failure; led to increased corruption
Richard Manning – progressive governor of SC
Theodore Roosevelt – first progressive president of the US
Civilian Conservation Corps – put young men to work on parks
Works Progress Administration – put writers and artists to work during the Depression
Mary McLeod Bethune – civil rights leader who worked closely with FDR
Rural Electrification Act – brought power to farming areas
Santee Cooper Project – still provides power for much of Berkeley County
Social Security Act – provides protection for the elderly, orphaned, and disabled
Post-World War II South Carolina Quiz:
Mechanization – machines harvest crops; SC turned to this as men left the farm for work in industry
Friendship Nine – a group of students who chose to stay in jail rather than pay bail in order to bring attention to their
protests for civil rights
Tuskegee Airmen – a group of African American pilots who proved that they could shoot down planes just as well, if
not better than, white men
Doolittle Raiders – dropped bombs over Japan during WWII; trained in Columbia
Dixiecrat – political party created when Southerners disagreed with Democrats
Strom Thurmond – leader of the Dixiecrats; SC governor
“Right-to-work” law – doesn’t require South Carolinians to be in unions; brings business to the state
Briggs v. Elliott – SC court case that became a part of Brown v. Board of Education
Educational Improvement Act – added a one cent sales tax to raise money for education in SC
Tourism – a big part of our economy today; increased after WWII (roads, air conditioning, etc.)