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CHAPTER 10:TRANSPORT 2003 6 2004 7 2005 3 2006 5 2007 5 2008 4 YEAR 2003 1. Which of the arteries carries blood with the lowest oxygen concentration? A Renal artery B Hepatic artery C Mesentric artery D Pulmonary artery Answer: D 2. Figure 1 shows a three dimensional section of a dicotyledon stem. Figure 1 What are tissues found along X ---------- Y? A Pith, xylem, cambium, phloem, cortex, epidermis B Pith, phloem, cambium, xylem, cortex, epidermis C Cortex, xylem, cambium, phloem, pith, epidermis D Cortex, phloem, cambium, xylem, pith, epidermis Answer: A 3. Figure 2 shows the concentration of antibody in the blood after two injections of antiserum. Figure 2 A B C D What type of immunity is shown in Figure 2? Acquired active immunity Acquired passive immunity Natural active immunity Natural passive immunity Answer: B 4. Figure 3 shows some cells from a tissue. Figure 3 Which of the following does not have the tissue in Figure 3? A. C. Answer: B B. D. 5. Figure 4 shows an experiment of bark ringing on a branch. Figure 4 Which of the following is the condition of the branch after six weeks? A. B. C. D. Answer: B 6. Figure 5 shows a blood circulatory system of an animal. Figure 28 Figure 5 Which of the characteristics is true about the blood circulatory system both in man and the animal in Figure 5? A B C D Heart pumps out a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood Blood enters the gaseous exchange organ at low pressure It is a double blood circulatory system It is a closed blood circulatory system Answer: D YEAR 2004 1. Which of the following sequence of blood clotting mechanism is correct? A Platelets stick to one another Thromboplastin released Prothrombin changes into thrombin Fibrinogen changes into fibrin B Thromboplastin released Platelets stick to one another Prothrombin changes into thrombin Fibrinogen changes into fibrin C Platelets stick to one another Thromboplastin released Fibrinogen changes into fibrin Prothrombin changes into thrombin D Prothrombin changes into thrombin Thromboplastin released Fibrinogen changes into fibrin Platelets stick to one another Answer: A 2. Figure 1 shows a cross section of a part of a plant. Figure 1 The part of the plant is a A B C D dicotyledon root monocotyledon root dicotyledon stem monocotyledon stem Answer: A 3. Figure 2 shows four types of human blood cells. Figure 2 Which of the following pairs of cells and functions are correct? I Cell P Function Transport II Q Transport III R Defence IV S Defence A I and II only B I, III, and IV only C II, III, and IV only D I, II, III and IV Answer: B 4. Figure 3 shows the lymphatic system. Figure 3 The role of K is A to destroy erythrocytes of more than 120 days old B to produce antibodies to destroy antigens C to store fatty acid and glycerol absorbed by the lacteal D to get rid of excess tissue fluid thus preventing oedema Answer: B 5. Figure 4 shows a bubble potometer used to investigate the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration of a plant. X represents the distance in movement of the air bubble. Figure 4 When the fan is not switched on, X is 3.0 cm after 20 minutes. If the fan is switched on, what is the expected X? A 4.2 cm C 2.5 cm B 3.0 cm D 1.8 cm Answer: A 6. The most suitable immunity to be given to a person bitten by a poisonous snake is A artificial passive immunity B artificial active immunity C natural passive immunity D natural active immunity Answer: A 7. Figure 5 shows a cross section of a part of a dicotyledon plant. Which of the labelled parts A, B, C or D is xylem? Figure 5 Answer: C YEAR 2005 1. Diagram 1 shows the circulatory system of a fish. Diagram 1 What is organ X? A. Lung B. Kidney C. Stomach D. Heart Answer: D 2. Diagram 2 shows a cross section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a few main tissues. Y Diagram 2 What is Y? A. B. C. D. Phloem Xylem Cortex Cambium Answer: A 3. In an experiment to investigate the vascular system of a plant, the root of a balsam plant is immersed into eosin solution. This is to A. B. C. D. stain the xylem tissues stain the phloem tissues strengthen the xylem cell wall increase turgidity of root cells Answer: A 4. An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of water loss from a plant in a day. The wind and relative humidity factors were kept constant. The graph shows the result obtained from 0600 to 1300 hours. Which of the curves A, B, C or D is expected to show the rate of water loss in the plant after 1300 hours? Answer: D 3. An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of transpiration in a plant using a potometer. Diagram 3 shows the set up of the apparatus, time taken in minutes and the dIstance covered by the meniscus of the water in cm. Diagram 3 The rate of transpiration in plant is A. B. C. D. 0.2 cm minute-1 2.0 cm minute-1 5.0 cm minute-1 50.0 cm minute-1 Answer: A YEAR 2006 1. Diagram 1 show a type of plant tissue. Diagram 1 What is the importance of the thickening of the cell wall by substance X? A. B. C. D. To transfer photosynthesis products To give turgidity to the tissue To transfer water and mineral salts To give support and mechanical strength Answer: D 2. Diagram 1 shows a longitudinal section of a human heart. U Diagram 1 The blood vessel U is the A. Aorta B. Pulmonary vein C. Pulmonary artery D. Posterior vena cava Answer: B 3. Which of the following description is true about blood cells? A. Blood cell Erythrocyte B. Platelet C. Monocytes D. Neutrophil Description Biconcave in shape to enable the exchange of shape while passing the blood capillary Without nucleus and involved in the blood clotting mechanism Produced in the bone marrow and produce antibodies to destroy pathogens Without granules and destroy pathogens by phagocytosis Answer: B 4. Thrombin, fibrin, protrombin and fibrinogen are four types of proteins. Which of the following sentences is true for the involvement of these proteins during blood clotting? A. B. C. D. Thrombin, fibrin, prothrombin, fibrinogen Fibrin, prothrombin, fibrinogen,thrombin Prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin Fibrinogen, fibrin, prothrombin, thrombin. Answer: C 5. A student steps on a rusty iron nail while playing football in a field. What treatment should be given to the student? A. Polio vaccine injection B. Typhoid vaccine injection C. Diphtheria serum injection D. Antitetanus serum injection Answer: D YEAR 2007 1. Which of the following blood cells carries oxygen in the body? Antara sel darah berikut, yang manakah berfungsi mengangkut oksigen dalam badan? A. C. B. D. Answer: C 2. Diagram 1 shows the human heart. Rajah 1 menunjukkan jantung manusia. Diagram 1 What is X? Apakah X? A. Pulmonary artery Arteri pulmonari B. Pulmonary vein Vena pulmonari C. Vena Cava Vena kava D. Coronary artery Arteri koronari Answer: D 3. Which of the following substances causes fibrinogen to change to fibrin? Antara bahan berikut, yang manakah menyebabkan fibrinogen bertukar kepada fibrin? A. Vitamin K Vitamin K B. Thrombin Trombin C. Calcium ion Ion kalsium D. Thrombokinase Trombokinase Answer: B 4. Diagram 2 shows a longitudinal section of the human heart. Rajah 2 menunjukkan suatu keratan membujur jantung manusia. Diagram 2 Which of the labeled parts, A, B, C or D, pumps blood to the lungs? Antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D, yang manakah mengepam darah ke peparu? Answer: B 5. A gardener experiences non-stop bleeding after hurting his foot while gardening. What will happen if his blood is unable to clot? Seorang pekebun mengalami pendarahan tidak henti setelah kakinya tercedera semasa berkebun. Apakah akan terjadi jika darahnya tidak dapat membeku? A. Blood pressure decreases Tekanan darah menurun B. Blood capillaries enlarge Kapilari darah membesar C. The rate of heart beat increases Kadar denyutan jantung bertambah D. The rate of respiration increases Kadar respirasi bertambah Answer: A YEAR 2008 1. Diagram 1 is a graph which shows the concentration of a certain antibody in the blood. Diagram 1 Based on the graph, what has been injected into the blood? A. B. C. D. Vaccine Colostrum Horse antiserum Blood plasma Answer: A 2. Which combination will give the highest rate of transpiration in a plant? Temperature A. B. C. D. Answer: A High High High High Environmental Factor Relative Air Movement Humidity Low High High Low High High Low Low 3. Diagram 2 shows an experiment of ringing a bark. Diagram 2 Which of the following shows the condition of the stem after 2 months? Answer: D 4. Which type of immunity is obtained by injecting antiserum into the body? A. B. C. D. Passive artificial immunity Passive natural immunity Active artificial acquired immunity Active natural acquired immunity Answer: A CHAPTER 10: TRANSPORT 2004 Section A B C (1) - - 2005 Section A B C (1) - - 2006 Section A B C - - (1) 2007 Section A B 2008 Section A B - - - (1) YEAR 2004, Section A 3. Figure 3 shows the human circulatory system. Figure 3 (a) Name circulations R and S. Describe each circulation. (i) R: Pulmonary circulation Description: Oxygenated blood is pumped into the heart through the pulmonary vein. Deoxygenated blood from the heart is pumped to the lungs through pulmonary artery. (ii) S: Systemic circulation Description: Blood is pumped throughout the body via aorta. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through vena cava. [4 marks] (b) On Figure 3, mark the following flow of blood to illustrate the circulations R and S. Oxygenated blood with the arrow ( Deoxygenated blood with the arrow ( ) ) [1 mark] (c) The pacemaker of a patient’s heart fails to function. An electronic pacemaker is used to replace the original pacemaker. Explain how the electronic pacemaker works. An electronic pacemaker will give the first heartbeat. It acts as sinoatrial node and generates impulse. The impulse is spread to all atrium muscle, then to the atrioventrical node until the whole heart beats. [3 marks] (d) Table 1 shows the volume of blood and the blood pressure in blood vessels X and Y. Blood vessel X Y (i) Volume /cm 100 300 Pressure /kPa 13.3 0.3 Table 1 Based on Figure 3 and Table 1, what conclusion can you make about the rate of blood flow in the blood vessels X and Y? Explain your answer. The rate of blood flow in X is higher than in Y because X pumps blood from the heart to the whole body whereas Y returns blood to the heart. [2 marks] (ii) Explain how vigorous exercise increases the blood flow in the blood vessel X. Vigorous exercise will cause deficiency of oxygen. Hence, the heart will beat faster to increase the blood flow to carry more oxygen and supply to the cells. [2 marks] YEAR 2005, Section A 5. Figure 5 shows part of the circulatory system and the lymphatic system in the human body. (a) (i) What is fluid X? Lymphatic fluid [1 mark] (ii) What happens to the components of fluid X when it passes through the lymph node? Toxic substances in fluid X are neutralized. / Pathogen in fluid X are destroyed. [1 mark] (b)(i) Fluid X originates from the blood Describe how fluid X is formed from the blood. E1- Blood plasma is filtered out of the blood capillaries. E2- The tissue fluid formed then diffuses into the lymphatic vessels / capillary Y. [2 marks] (ii) State one difference between fluid X and the blood. Fluid X has no erythrocytes and plasma protein. / Blood contains erythrocytes and plasma protein. [1 mark] (c) (i) A part of vessel Q is blocked. Explain its effect on the system in Figure 5. The tissue interstitial fluid fails to return to the vein / blood circulatory system. The tissue fluid accumulates in the intercellular spaces. [2 marks] (ii) Vessel Q in the leg is blocked. What would happen to the leg? The leg swells. [1 mark] (d) The blood circulatory system and the lymphatic system function to maintain the composition of the tissue fluid. Explain how the composition of the tissue fluid is maintained by stating the substances transported by the blood circulatory system and the lymphatic system. E1 - Glucose / amino acid / mineral salts / water / oxygen / carbon dioxide / dissolved substances are transported by the blood circulatory system entering the tissues to form the tissue fluid. E2 - Fatty acids and glycerol / fat soluble vitamins are transported by the lymphatic system into the blood circulatory system before entering the tissues to form the tissue fluid. E3 - Part of the tissue fluid composition enters the lymphatic system before it is returned to the blood circulatory system E4 – Some of the fluid reenters the blood circulatory system at the venule ends. [Max = 3 marks] YEAR 2006, Section C 9. (a) The following statements are on lymphatic system and blood circulatory system. The substances that come out from the blood capillaries into the body tissue will be reentered into the blood circulatory system. Lymphatic system also functions in transporting products of digestion. Explain the above statements to justify that lymphatic system is a complementary to the blood circulatory system. [10 marks] Able to explain both the statements to justify that lymphatic system is a complementary to the blood circulatory system Able to list explanation by sequence and systematic 1x 9m 1m Sample Answer: 1. Some of the plasma content are filtered / diffused out into the interstitial spaces of the body cells (1) 2. to form interstitial fluid. (1) 3. Contents of the interstitial fluid are nutrients, oxygen etc except erythrocytes and plasma protein. (1) 4. Some of the interstitial fluid enter blood circulation at the end of the venule (1) 5. while others diffused into the lymphatic vessels (1) 6. to form lymph fluid. (1) 7. Lymph fluid contains excretory substances produced from cell metabolism. (1) 8. In ileum, fatty acids, glycerol and fat soluble vitamins diffuse into lacteal / lymphatic vessels of villus. (1) 9. Lymph fluid is transported by the lymphatic system into the blood circulatory system at the subclavian vein. (1) 10. Lymph fluid returns into the blood circulation via subclavian vein. (1) Note: Max – 10 marks (b) Multicellular organisms like humans, need specific transport systems as compared to unicellular organisms like Amoeba sp., which do not need a transport system. Give an evaluation of the above statement based on the physical features of the organisms with the following physiological processes : [10 marks] Respiration Nutrition Excretion Able to state physical features of multicellular E1 / E2 – 1m , E4 / E5 – organism or unicellular organism 1m (max = 3m) Able to compare the physical features of E7 – E10 = 3m multicellular / unicellular organism with respiration / E11 – E14 = 3m nutrition / excretion processes E15 – E17 = 3m (max =7m) Sample Answer: Physical features of multicellular organisms: E1 ● Are big size / the ratio of TSA:V is small (1) E2 ● Cells in the inner part of the body are not in direct contact with the surroundings (1) E3 ● Rate of diffusion of substances into / out of all body cells is low. (1) Physical features of unicellular organisms: E4 ● Are small size / the ratio of TSA:V is big (1) E5 ● Body cell is directly in contact with surroundings (1) E6 ● Exchange of substances between organisms and the surroundings occur easily (1) Respiration Process Multicellular organism E7 - needs specific gas exchange organ to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide (1) E8 - and needs a transport system to get gases in and out of tissues. (1) While in unicellular organism, E9 - there is no specific gas exchange organ. (1) E10 - Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs through plasma membrane. (1) the Nutrition Process Multicellular organism E11 - needs digestive system to bring in food from surroundings into alimentary canal, digest and absorb into small intestine. (1) E12 - Digested food are then transported to the body cells through blood and lymphatic system. (1) While unicellular organism E13 - does not need digestive system because food is directly taken in through membrane cells by phagocytosis. (1) E14 – Digested by intracellular enzyme Excretion Process ● Multicellular organism E15 - needs transport system to take excretory waste / urea from the liver to the kidney. (1) E16 - Excretory waste is taken out from kidney together with urine. (1) While unicellular organism E17- does not need transport system because excretory waste are directly eliminated from cells to the surroundings through the cell membrane. (1) YEAR 2007 No single question YEAR 2008 Section B 7. (a) (i) Diagram 7.1 shows an electron micrograph of cellular components of human blood. Based on Diagram 7.1, explain how platelets help to stop bleeding when a wound occurs. [4 marks] Able to explain the function of platelets to stop the bleeding. (accept diagram with explanation) Max 4m Sample Answer: E1● Platelets clump together and produce thrombokinase / thromboplastin (1) E2● Thrombokinase converts prothrombin to thrombin (calcium ions must be present) (1) E3● Thrombin converts fibrinogen (a soluble protein plasma) to fibrin (Vitamin K is needed in the formation of prothrombin) (1) E4● Fibrin forms a network to traps the erythrocytes// (1) E5 . to forms a clot (1) (ii) A blood test shows that a man’s erythrocytes count is below normal. Explain the possible consequences of this condition on his health. What type of food should he include in his diet to improve this condition? Able to explain the possible consequences on his health Able to suggest the type of food to improve this condition P1-P8, Max = 6m Type = 1m, Example = 1m Sample answer P1 ● Less red blood cells to combine with oxygen P2 . to form oxyhaemoglobin P3 ● Less oxygen transported / diffused to/into body cells / tissues P4 . for cellular respiration P5 ● Less energy produced P6 ● Resulting in tiredness/ breathlessness/ weakness/ fatigue P7. and pale looking appearance P8 ● Anaemia (reject Thalasemia) P9 ● Food rich in iron // ferum P10● Examples: cockles / liver / spinach / folic acid [8 marks] (b) Diagram 7.2 shows the blood circulatory system in organism S and organism T. Based on Diagram 7.2: (i) Give one example of organism S and organism T. [2 marks] Organism S – Fish Organism T – Human being / any mammal or birds (ii) Describes the similarities and differences between the blood circulatory system in organism S and organism T. [6 marks] Similarities Max =2m Differences Max = 4m Similarities 1234- Both have a closed circulation Blood flows in blood vessels Both have a heart Heart pumps blood / acts as a pumping organ Differences Organism S (Fish) Organism T (Human) 1. Single circulation / blood flow only once through the heart 1. Double circulation / blood flows twice through the heart 2. Heart divided into 2 chambers / heart consist of 1 atrium and 1 ventricle 2. Heart divided into 4 chambers / heart consists of 2 atrium and 2 ventricle 3. Chambers of heart are not separated by septum 3. Chambers of heart are separated by septum 4. Oxygenated blood flow from gills to the body cells/tissues / deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the gills 4. Oxygenated blood flows from lungs to heart / deoxygenated blood flows from heart to the lungs