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Daily Bellringer
History of Ancient Egypt
Section 2
Review Section 1
Match the sets of letters to the correct vocabulary term.
1. CAT __ __ __ CTS
RAO
2. PHA __ __ __ H
NAS
3. U __ __ __ R
ARA
EGYPT
4. DY __ __ __ TY
LTA
5. DE __ __ __
PPE
Preview Section 2
If YOU lived there …
You are a farmer in ancient Egypt. To
you, the pharaoh is the god Horus as
well as your ruler. You depend on his
strength and wisdom. For part of the
year, you are busy planting crops in
your fields. But at other times of the
year, you work for the pharaoh. You
are helping to build a great tomb so
that your pharaoh will be comfortable
in the afterlife.
How do you feel about working
for the pharaoh?
Consider why to feel PLEASED:
• honored to work for one you
consider a god
• strengthened by the labor
• enriched by the friendship fellow
laborers provide
Consider why to feel RESENTFUL:
• upset at the expense of
construction
• exhausted by the intensive labor
• ungrateful for the inadequate
payment
Review Answers: 1. ARA, cataracts; 2. RAO, pharaoh; 3. PPE, Upper Egypt; 4. NAS, dynasty; 5. LTA, delta
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Name
Class
Date
Biography
History of Ancient Egypt
Khufu
© Historical Picture Archive/CORBIS
c. 2600 BC
HOW HE AFFECTED THE REGION Khufu
was a great king of ancient Egypt. He is best
known for his tomb, the Great Pyramid at Giza.
As you read the biography below, think about
how important Khufu must have been to the
Egyptian people to have such a tomb built.
Khufu, called Cheops by the Greeks, was the son
of King Snefru and Queen Hetepheres. Little is
known about Khufu’s life. The contents of his tomb,
which would have told more about his history, were
stolen during ancient times. Instead, only a few
clues remain about his life. The one major clue that
tells us how important Khufu must have been is the
Great Pyramid at Giza, near Cairo, Egypt.
Khufu’s father Snefru is credited for building at
least three pyramids in Egypt. Khufu is credited
with the construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza
sometime around 2600 BC. The Great Pyramid is
one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It
is the only wonder still standing today.
The pyramid of Khufu is the oldest and largest
of the three pyramids at Giza. The pyramid covers
about 13 acres at its base and was originally about
480 feet tall. It was made with more than 2 million
solid limestone blocks, each weighing about 5,000
pounds. The stone was excavated in Eastern Egypt,
and then floated down the Nile River. The Pyramid
of Khufu originally had a surface casing of white,
pearly limestone, but very little of this covering
exists today.
VOCABULARY
process
of preserving the body
after death that includes
wrapping it in cloth
mummification
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
7
Africa
Name
Class
Date
Biography
Khufu, continued
Egyptian pharaohs were usually placed in a
tomb with clothing, food, tools, and weapons. The
Egyptians believed that the dead would need these
items in the afterlife. The Egyptians also believed
that the body had to be preserved to make life after
death possible. They developed a process called
mummification, in which the organs were removed
from the body, which was then treated with
chemicals and wrapped in cloth. Unfortunately, all
of the items in Khufu’s tomb, and even his mummy,
were stolen long ago.
Khufu earned a reputation as a cruel and ruthless
pharaoh. He reigned from around 2589 to 2566 BC,
and was the founder of the fourth dynasty in Egypt.
After his death, his successor was his son Djedefre.
The tombs of Khufu’s family members are located
near his pyramid in Egypt.
WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
1. Analyze Why is there very little known about King Khufu?
2. Compare and Contrast Compare the Great Pyramid at Giza with modern tombs,
such as those found in graveyards in the United States today. How are they alike?
How are they different?
ACTIVITY
Using construction paper and markers, construct your own pyramid.
Use a ruler to create lines horizontally across the pyramid, representing
the blocks of limestone.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
8
Africa
History of Ancient Egypt
Vocabulary Builder
Section 2
DIRECTIONS Read each sentence. Fill in the blank with the word in the word pair
that best completes the sentence.
1. Most Egyptians focused on the ________________________ because they
believed it was a happy place. (pyramids/afterlife)
2. Only royalty and other members of Egypt’s ________________________
could afford to have mummies made. (elite/nobles)
3. ________________________ is the application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes. (Khufu/Engineering)
4. ________________________ was the most famous pharaoh of the Old
Kingdom who is best known for monuments that were built to him.
(Pyramids/Khufu)
5. Specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth are called
________________________. (afterlife/mummies)
6. The upper classes of Egypt consisted of priests and key government officials
called ________________________. (nobles/engineering)
7. Huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that meet in a point on top
are called ________________________. (mummies/pyramids)
8. During the ________________________ the Egyptians continued to develop
their political system, a system that was based on the belief that the pharaoh
was both a king and a god. (Khufu/Old Kingdom)
9. Paintings from Egyptian tombs show the ________________________ as an
ideal world where the people are young and healthy. (Old Kingdom/afterlife)
10. The ________________________ were built as royal tombs.
(mummies/pyramids)
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
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