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Animal Kingdom Phylogeny - Cladogram Section 29-1 Echinodermada Arthropoda Chordata Annelida Mollusca Radial Symmetry Nematoda Platyhelminthes Pseudocoelom Cnidaria Radial Symmetry Protostome Development Three Germ Layers; Bilateral Symmetry Porifera Tissues Multicellular Single-celled ancestor Deuterostome Development Coelom Egg Development • Sexual reproduction: zygote fertilized egg blastula hollow ball of cells with blastopore (inner tube) Protostome Mouth formed from blastopore Deuterostome Anus formed from blastopore Germ Layers • Cells arranged into layers and from there specific organs or structures are formed. 1. Ectoderm – outer layer, forms skin, 2. Mesoderm – middle layer, forms muscles 3. Endoderm – inner layer, forms digestive tract Body Symmetry • Asymmetrical – no symmetry, no tissue organization. • Radial – body parts extend from center of body. Cells start forming first tissues. • Bilateral – Mirror image of right and left sides externally. Tissues well developed. Body Cavities • A body cavity is called a Coelom (see-lome). • Located between the digestive tract and the body wall inside the animal. • Allows for expansion and development. • Classification of organisms: 1. Acoelomate – no cavity present 2. Pseudocoelomate – partial body cavity 3. Coelomate – body cavity completely lined with mesoderm. Cephalization • Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of the body. • Animals with bilateral symmetry exhibit it. • More complex animals the more pronounced their cephalization Animal Kingdom Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata Animal Kingdom Phylogeny - Cladogram Section 29-1 Radial Symmetry Pseudocoelom Radial Symmetry Single-celled ancestor
