Download Integumentary System

Integumentary System
Structure
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Skin is the largest organ of the body. In
adults, the skin covers an area of
approximately 2 square meters and
accounts for nearly 20% of one's body
weight. Its thickness varies from 0.3-4.0
mm depending on the location on the
body.
Functions
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Skin is extremely important to normal physiologic
function secondary to the roles that it plays in
maintaining homeostasis.
The chief functions of the skin are as follow:
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Regulation of body temperature
Protection
Sensation/perception
Excretion
Immunity
Blood reservoir
Synthesis of vitamin D
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
(largest organ - 15-20% total body mass)
FUNCTIONS :
1. Barrier (to physical, chemical and biological
agents)
2. Homeostatic -prevents water loss and regulates
body temperature
3. Sensory -touch, pain and pleasure sensitivity
4. Secretory -converts precursor molecules to
vitamin D; lubricants for hair; pheromones
5. Excretory - sweat
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Two Principal layers:
 Epidermis
Outer layer
 Cells are highly differentiated
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 Dermis
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Supportive tissue
 Beneath
these two layers is a 3rd layer of
subcutaneous adipose tissue
Epidermis
Thin but tough
 Avascular
 Body’s first line of defense
 Color derived from 3 sources
 Stratified into several layers
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 Stratum
germinativum or basal layer
 Stratum corneum
Skin Cells
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Langerhans cells
Melanocytes
Keratinocytes
Merkel
Dermis
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Irregular fibrous connective tissue
Fibroblasts produce collagen and elastin
Papillary layer
Abundant capillaries
Accessory skin structures
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Hair follicles
Nail follicles
Sensory receptors
glands
Hair
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Follicle made of
epidermal tissue
Growth similar to
epidermis
Nail Follicles
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Nails are hard plates
of keratin
Nails produced like
hair
Nail bed is living
dermis and epidermis
Name the Structures
Glands
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Sebaceous
Ceruminous
Apocrine
Eccrine
Blood vessels
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Capillaries
Arterioles
Sensory
Touch
 Pressure
 Temperature
 Pain
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Subcutaneous Tissue
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AKA: superficial
fascia
Second line of
defense
Consists of:
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Areolar connective
tissue
Adipose tissue
The Aging Process
Slow atrophy of skin structures
 Loss of elasticity
 Layers become thin
 Gland decrease in number and function
 Vascularity decreases, becomes more
fragile
 Number and function of melanocytes
decreases
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Normal variations
Liver spots (Lentigines)
 Freckles
 Mole (nevus)
 Birthmark
 Cherry (senile) angioma
 Keratoses
 Acrochordons (skin tags)
 Vitiligo
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Common Skin Lesions
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Macule
Papule
Vesicle
Pustule
Patch
Plaque
Nodule
Wheal
Tumor
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Bulla
Crust
Scale
Fissure
Erosion
Ulcer
Excoriation
Nevus
Cyst
Skin assessment
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Color
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Erythema
Cyanosis
Jaundice
Pallor
Hair distribution
Mobility and turgor
Lesions
Temperature and moisture
Capillary refill
History
Diagnostic procedures
Wood’s Light examination
 Patch testing
 Biopsy
 Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
 Tzank smear
 Scabies scraping
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Patch Testing
Biopsy
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Shave biopsy
Punch biopsy
Surgical excision
Dressings
Protect wounds
 Retain moisture to promote healing
 Several types
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 Wet
 Dry
 Absorbent
 Occlusive
Phototherapy
Light in combination with drugs
Treatment for: psoriasis, vitiligo, chronic
eczema
Contraindications: Hx of herpes simplex
infection, skin cancer, cataracts, lupus
erythematosus.
Phototoxicity: redness, vesicles, pain
Maintain Healthy Skin
Vitamin A
 Stop smoking
 Sun Screen
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pachy/onych/ia
thick/nail/condition of
kerato/myc/osis
hard/fungus/condition or increase
dermato/logist
skin/one who specializes in treatment of
histo/troph/ic
tissue/nourishment or development/pertaining to
hyper/onych/ia
above or excessive/nail/condition of
leuko/trich/ia
white/hair/condition of
kerat/osis
hard/condition or increase
pachy/dermat/osis
thick/skin/condition or increase
epi/dermis
upon/skin
lip/oma
fat/tumor
sub/cutane/ous
below or under/skin/pertaining to
an/hidr/osis
without/sweat/condition or increase
histo/dia/lysis
tissue/across or through/breaking down or dissolution
dys/plas/ia
painful, difficult or faulty/formation/condition of
xantho/derma
yellow/skin
dys/plas/tic
painful, difficult or faulty/formation/pertaining to
pachy/dermato/cele
thick/skin/pouching or hernia
erythro/dermat/itis
red/skin/inflammation
histo/tox/ic
tissue/poison/pertaining to
melano/cyt/e
black/cell/noun marker
xer/osis
dry/condition or increase
purpur/ic
purple/pertaining to
squam/ous
scale/pertaining to
sebo/rrhea
sebum(oil)/discharge
steato/lysis
fat/breaking down or dissolution
Study Guide
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Know the skin diagram
 Structure
and function
Normal skin markings
 Tests and treatments: what are they for,
patient teaching and preparation
 Burns
 Skin lesions
 Disorders
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