Download Regents Review Live - Goshen Central School District

Regents Review Live
Global History and Geography
Terry Noonan
Global History and Geography
AGENDA
Purpose: To help you organize your review for the
Global History and Geography regents exam so that
you can walk into the exam on June 14th
CONFIDENTLY!
Process:
•Examine the Format of Regents Exam
•Organize Review and Study Strategies
•Review Test Taking Strategies
•Writing the DBQ
Where Can I Get Review Materials?
•Tape the program
To purchase a tape call 1-800-997-2972.
•Use web sites:
•Regents Review Live at
www.regentsreviewlive.net
•SED test sampler for Global History at
www.nysed.gov
•Order the complete review packet
contact by e-mail [email protected]
•Purchase review book
•Use your class notebook, textbook, review folder
FORMAT
Part 1
50 Multiple-choice questions--55%
Parts 2 and 3
Essays
•Thematic essay 15%
•Document Based Question (DBQ)
15% scaffolding
15% essay
No choice. You must write 2 essays
You must demonstrate your knowledge of content
and your skills of analysis, organization, and
writing as you address these two essay tasks.
Your essays will be evaluated using rubrics.
TEST TAKING SKILLS
Read all directions carefully.
This is a timed test. You have 3 hours to complete
the test so work efficiently.
•First do the chronologically organized multiple
choice questions.
•Next do the DBQ
write responses to the scaffold questions
organize your essay
write the essay
•Last do the thematic essay
Use These STRATEGIES
For multiple choice
•Read the question carefully, underlining key words
•Eliminate wrong foils or answers
For DBQ scaffold questions
•Read the question below the document
•Read the document carefully, underlining key
ideas which will help answer the question
•Write the response using information directly from
the document.
Make your answer as complete as possible
Write complete sentences
FOR ESSAYS
Read the question or task carefully.Underline key
words. Be sure you understand what you are required
to do.
Read the rubric. Underline key words.
Organize information needed to respond to the
question. For the DBQ include outside information
and information from the documents
Write introductory paragraph- thesis statement,
controlling idea, definition of the topic, introduction of
what you will prove in the essay.
Write body paragraphs- one for each topic.
Write a concluding paragraph.
REVIEW STRATEGIES
ORGANIZE your review
•Identify the most important topics
•Create study aids--charts, flash cards, timelines,
graphic organizers, maps to organize key
information
•Keep your review materials in a folder
SCHEDULE review time on your calendar. Be sure
you have a quiet place.
REVIEW STRATEGIES
ACTIVELY STUDY your materials. Do what works
for you--make cards in colors, draw pictures of
vocabulary words, make illustrated timelines,
study with a friend.
PRACTICE doing multiple choice questions and
writing DBQ and thematic essays.
BELIEVE you can do it. Set goals and get started
reviewing.
Review Strategies for Content
CHRONOLOGICAL ERAS
Graphic organizer/ timeline for era
Outline of important content
Chart of important themes/concepts:
Geography
Revolutions
Conflict
Political systems
Nationalism
Science& Tech.
Economic systems
Imperialism
Belief systems
Human Rights
Movement of Goods
& People
Change
Interactions
Global History & Geography
INTRODUCTION
1. Ancient World (4000BC-500)
2. Expanding Zones of Exchange & Encounter
(500-1200)
3. Global Interactions (1200-1650)
4. First Global Age (1450-1770)
5. Age of Revolutions (1750-1914)
6. Half Century of Crisis & Achievement (1900-1945)
7. 20th Century Since 1945
8. Global Connections and Interactions
4000 BC - 500 AD
• Early River Valley
Civilizations
• Classical Civilizations
• Belief systems
500 AD - 1600 AD
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Rise of Empires
Golden Ages
Early Middle Ages
Age of Transition
Exploration
Encounter
1600 - 1900
• Absolutism
• Enlightenment, Evolution
British Democracy, French
Revolution, Lat. Am. Rev.
• Industrial Revolution
• Nationalism
1900 - 1945
• World War I
• Russian Revolution
• Dictators & WWII
1945 - present
• Cold War, independence
movements, changes in
Middle East, Africa, Asia
Egypt
Rome
Greece
Mesopotamia
India
China
Home
Ancient World
CIVILIZATIONS AND RELIGION
4000 BC - 500 AD
Ancient River Valleys
Contributions
Nile / Egypt
Tigris & Euphrates
Mesopotamia
Indus
India
Huang He
China
Back
EGYPT / NILE
• Irrigation System
• Pyramids
• Pharaoh
• Hieroglyphics
• Polytheistic religion
Back
TIGRIS & EUPHRATES
MESOPOTAMIA
• Code of Hammurabi
• Cuneiform
• Many conquerors
Back
INDUS
INDIA
• Planned cities
• Hinduism - caste system
• Sanskrit writing
Back
HUANG HE
CHINA
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•
•
•
Walled cities
Calligraphy - writing
Rice cultivation
Dynasties
Back
ANCIENT WORLD
Civilizations and Religion
4000 BC - 500
Contributions of Classical Civilizations
Greece
Rome
Han
Dynasty
(China)
Mauryan
Empire
(India)
Mayan
Back
GREECE
• Architecture - Parthenon
• Science and math
• Philosophy - questioning spirit, human
reason, Socrates, Plato
• City states
Athens - democracy
Sparta - military
Back
ROME
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•
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Centralized government - empire and army
Engineering - roads, aqueducts
Law - Twelve Tables
Pax Romana - promoted trade
Christianity
Latin language
Back
DECLINE OF THE
ROMAN EMPIRE
• Political corruption
• Economic problem - inflation,
unemployment, cost of empire
• Military decline
• Loss of morale
• Barbarian invasions
Back
MAYAN (Mesoamerica)
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•
•
•
•
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Architecture- temples, palaces
Math, number system
Calendar
Astronomy
Writing system
Agrarian, maize
Back
MAURYAN EMPIRE
(India)
• Buddhism
• King Asoka
·tolerant of all religions
· built hospitals, roads
· encouraged education and
spread of Buddhism
Back
CLASSICAL CHINA
• Zhou dynasty - teachings of Confucius
and Lao-zi
• Qin dynasty - Great Wall of China
• Han dynasty - Golden Age
·civil service examinations
· merchants - trade
· Silk Road - connected China & India
to Middle East
Ancient World
Civilizations and Religion
4000 BC - 500
MAJOR BELIEF SYSTEMS
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Daoism
Confucianism
Buddhism
Hinduism
Judaism
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Christianity
Islam
Janism
Animism
Shintoism
Home
Major Belief Systems of the World
Religion
Confucianism
Daoism
Buddhism
Hinduism
Location
Major Beliefs
Impact
Home
Major Belief Systems of the World
Religion
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Animism
Shintoism
Location
Major Beliefs
Impact
Back
IMPACT OF BELIEF SYSTEMS
ANIMISM
•Interpret and view natural forces and
patterns of nature
•Unified people in Latin America
CHRISTIANITY
•Led to conflict in the Crusades
•Protestant Reformation
•Medieval and Renaissance art and
architecture
Back
IMPACT OF BELIEF SYSTEMS
ANIMISM
BUDDHISM
•Meditation important; cultural
diffusion -- spread from India
•Caste system
HINDUISM
•Conflict in Partition of India
•Sacred objects - Ganges River and cow
(don’t eat beef)
Back
IMPACT OF BELIEF SYSTEMS
ANIMISM
CONFUCIANISM
DAOISM
•Influenced Chinese government and
education Mandate of heaven
•Influenced some ancient Chinese
leaders
•Study of natural world led to advances
in science
Back
IMPACT OF BELIEF SYSTEMS
•Unified people in Middle East
ISLAM
•Conflict in Crusades
•Partition of India
•No alcohol or pork
JUDAISM
•Diaspora - Jews spread
•Anti-Semitism in Medieval Europe
•Jews persecuted
•Holocaust
•Pogroms in Russia
•1948 Israel created and conflict
PRACTICE MULTIPLE CHOICE
The civilizations of the Sumerians, the Phoenicians, and
the Mayans were similar in that each
1. emphasized equality in education
2. established monotheistic religions
3. encouraged democratic participation in government
4. developed extensive writing systems
Home
Global Interaction-Key Questions
500-1600
• What is a Golden Age and what were the
achievements of each of the major empires?
• How did the empires spread and interact?
• What was Europe like after the fall of the Roman
Empire? Feudalism? Role of the Catholic Church?
• How did Europe change during the Renaissance,
Reformation, and Age of Exploration?
• What was the impact of the Columbian exchange
on the peoples of Europe, Africa and the Americas?
Home
MEDIEVAL EUROPE
FEUDALISM
• Lord provided protection in exchange for
loyalty and services of vassal
• Decentralized government
• Rigid class system
• Self sufficient manor
• Serfs
• Feudalism in Japan similar: shogun,
samurai, peasants
Home
MEDIEVAL EUROPE
CATHOLIC CHURCH
• Unified people - common religion, sacraments
• Economic role - Church owned land and
collected
• Educational role - monks in monasteries
copied books
• Built cathedrals
• Pope powerful - crowned Charlemagne Holy
Roman Emperor and called for the Crusades
Home
DECLINE OF FEUDALISM - 1
• CRUSADES - holy wars in which Christians wanted
to regain the Holy Land from Seljuk Turks
• IMAPCT:
1. New ideas - Arabic, Greek, and Roman
learning; awareness of other cultures-Renaissance
2. New products (silk,spices, coffee etc.) increased
demand --trade--Commercial Revolution-Exploration
3. Breakdown of feudalism--Rise in power of
kings
Home
DECLINE OF FEUDALISM - 2
• BLACK DEATH (bubonic plague) 1348-1353
--Rats with fleas carried the disease from
Asia; entered Europe on trading ships
• IMPACT
-- Killed 1/3 of European population
-- Loss of peasant labor - decline of manors
-- Guilds declined as craftsmen in towns
died
Home
AGE OF TRANSITION
RENAISSANCE
• What? Rebirth of interest in learning; Golden Age
• Where began? - Italian city-states - Florence
• Emphasized:
Humanism
Secularism
• Art: Michelangelo - daVinci
• Scientific change: Copernicus - Galileo
• Literature: Machiavelli - Shakespeare
• Technology: Gutenberg
Home
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
• What? Martin Luther wanted to reform the Catholic
Church - posted 95 Thesis
• Luther’s Ideas
1. sale of indulgences wrong
2. faith alone necessary for salvation
3. Pope and clergy not necessary - read Bible yourself
• Other leaders: John Calvin - Henry VIII
• Results:
1. end of religious unity, religious wars
2. growth in power of king
3. Counter-Reformation: Jesuits
Council of Trent
Inquisition
Home
EXPLORATION
• Causes:
1. Desire for foreign products that Crusaders brought back
and Marco Polo described
2. Search for new trade routes; all water route to the East
3. Navigational skills & instruments- maps, compass
4. Desire of European kings to gain wealth, power
• Leaders:
– Portugal: Prince Henry, Diaz, DaGama
– Spain: Columbus, Magellan, Pizarro, Cortes
Results:
1. Colonization of “New World”
2. Mercantilism
Home
The Encounter Between
Europe and the Americas
European:
Pre-Columbian
civilizations in
the Americas
+
exploration
conquest
colonization
=
The encounter
between the
European and
American
cultures
Home
Encounter: Pre-Columbian
Civilizations in the Americas
• Mayans in Mexico and Guatemala:
Advanced civilization- temples, palaces, math,
calendar, writing system
• Aztecs in Mexico
Advanced civilization-cities, palaces, writing,
empire
• Incas in Andes Mountains -Peru
Advanced civilization- built cities, irrigation
systems; empire connected by trails; record
keeping system
Home
Results of the Encounter
Columbian Exchange-cultural diffusion
to Europe - food (corn,beans, tomatoes, tobacco), gold & silver
to Americas - animals, technology,diseases
Transatlantic Slave Trade-triangular trade
What: Due to the deaths of Native Americas (overwork
in mines and plantations) more workers needed.
1- Slaves were captured in west Africa and shipped to the
Americas (the Middle Passage)
2 - Sugar, tobacco, raw materials sent to Europe
3 - Guns and manufactured goods sent to Africa
This led to the death of many African captives.
Home
Colonialism
• Colonial government - Kings sent viceroys to administer
the colonies
• Colonial social system - rigid classes
peninsulares - born in Spain, power& wealth, ruling
creoles - descendants of peninsul.born in Latin Am.
mestizos and mulattos - mixed blood
Native Americans and Africans - worked on
plantations and in mines
• Encomienda system - feudal grant of land and power
over the workers on it--given to nobility
Home
Commercial Revolution
Rise of Mercantilism
• What: wealth is based on accumulation of gold
and silver
• Colonies provide the mother country with raw
materials, gold, and silver
• Favorable balance of trade - mother country
exports more than she imports
• King’s power and wealth are used to support
development of industries in France, Spain, etc.
• Capitalism - entrepreneurs invest money for
profit
Home
Absolutism to Revolution
1600-1830s
Absolutism
Louis XIV
Peter the Great
Sulieman
Akbar
Revolution in
France & Am.
New Ideas
+
Scientific Rev.
Enlightenment
=
Evolution of
Constitutional
Monarchy-GB
Independence
movements in
Latin America
Home
Absolutism
• Reasons for the rise of absolute monarchs
1.
2.
3.
4.
Decline of feudalism and the power of the nobles
Decline in power of the Catholic Church
Support of middle class merchants
Claimed Divine Right- monarch got his power from
God; he was God’s deputy on earth
• Monarchs used their wealth to build armies and
navies to protect their colonial empires.
• Hobbes said absolute monarchs were necessary to
maintain order
Home
Absolute Monarchs
Louis XIV - France
1. “I am the state.”
2. Palace at Versailles
3. Colbert - mercantilism
Philip II - Spain
1. Spanish Armada lost to England
2. Defender of Catholicism
Czar Peter the Great - Russia
1. Westernization
2. Windows to the West
3. Orthodox Church under his control
Home
Absolute Monarchs
Sultan Sulieman the Magnificent - Ottoman Empire
Encouraged the arts
Akbar the Great - Mughal Empire in India
Built roads; encouraged the arts-Golden Age
Other rulers at this time
Tokugawa shoguns - Japan
Checked power of feudal lords(daimyo)
Isolated Japan
Ming dynasty - China
Expanded trade- sent Zheng He and navy to Indian O.
later isolation and ethnocentrism
Qing (Manchu) Dynasty
Home
Enlightenment - Age of Reason
Based on Ideas from the Scientific Revolution
– Scientific Method - truth based on questioning,
observation, and experimentation rather than the
Bible and ancient thinkers
• Copernicus, Galileo, Newton
Enlightenment writers (the philosophers) believed
the laws of nature and reason could explain human
society and government
Home
Enlightenment Writers
John Locke - Two Treatises on Government
1. Men are born with natural rights of life, liberty, and
property.
2. Men create governments to protect these rights.
3. If a government fails to protect their rights, they have
the right to revolt or change the government.
Rousseau - The Social Contract
1. “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains.”
2. Believed government should express the general will of
the people.
Home
Enlightenment Writers
Montesquieu- The Spirit of the Laws
1. Separation of Powers - 3 branches of government
Voltaire
1. “I do not agree with what you are saying but I will
defend your right to save it.” – freedom of speech
Adam Smith - The Wealth of Nations
Economist who proposed laissez faire capitalism government should not be involved in the economy; let
nature take its course
Home
Evolution of Constitutional
Monarchy in England
Magna Carta (1215) – King cannot tax without consent of
Great Council; trial by peers
Model Parliament – Representatives of middle class had a
voice in the government (Parliament)
Puritan Revolution (1642-1649) – Puritans in Parliament
defeated absolute monarch (Stuarts), led by Cromwell
Glorious Revolution 1688 – William and Mary agree to
limited monarchy and sign the Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights of 1689 – Established a limited or
constitutional monarchy; Parliament in control
Home
French Revolution of 1789
Causes
1. Political - abuses of the Old Regime--absolute monarchs
had bankrupted the country with costly wars and lavish
living at Palace of Versailles.
2. Economic - unfair system of taxation--First and Second
Estates (Clergy and Nobility) paid little taxes even
though they owed much land and collected taxes.
3. Social - rigid class system--Third Estate supported the
other two estates; the bourgeoisie (middle class) resented
the privileges of the nobility.
4. Intellectual - ideas of the enlightenment (Locke) and the
American Revolution (Dec. of Independence)
Home
Stages of the French Revolution
1. Old Regime - Absolute Monarch Louis XVI
2. Rule of Moderates - Third Estate declares EstatesGeneral becomes National Assembly--issues the
Declaration of Rights of Man and adopts a new
constitution limiting power of the king
3. Rule of the Radicals - Robespierre & Committee of
Public Safety--Reign of Terror - to protect France
from foreign invasions and to eliminate internal
opposition. French Republic established -”Liberty,
Equality, Fraternity”- spread of democratic ideas
4. Strong leader - Emperor Napoleon I--Impact - Code
Napoleon, nationalism; after defeat Congress of
Vienna restored balance of power
Home
Latin American Independence
Movements (1810-1830s)
Causes:
1. Ideas from the American and French revolutions
2. Ideas of Enlightenment writers
3. After Spain & Portugal finished fighting Napoleon,
they tried to reestablish control of their empires
Leaders:
Simon Bolivar, San Martin, Father Hidalgo
Results:
1. Independence for Mexico, Haiti, and other Latin
American countries
2. Caudillos (strong political bosses) gained control in
several countries
Home
Industrial Revolution
What?
• Change from the domestic system to the factory
system
– Domestic system - work done by hand in
home
– Factory system - work done by machines
(assembly line) in factories
Home
Why Did Industrial Revolution
Start in England?
• Natural resources - coal, iron ore
• Workers available due to the Agricultural
Revolution (inventions of machines, etc.) so
fewer farmers were needed on the farms
• Capital/$ to build factories
• Markets – domestic and colonies
• Inventions - steam engine, spinning jenny
• Transportation - rivers and canals to connect
Home
Results of Industrial Revolution
Positive:
• Mass production of goods led to cheaper
prices so people could have more
• Factory owners, bankers grow in number,
wealth, and power
• Urbanization - cities grew with libraries etc.
• Leads to imperialism and increased power
for mother country
Home
Results of Industrial Revolution
Negative (problems):
• Poor working conditions - long hours,
unsafe factory conditions, low pay, child
labor
• Poor living conditions for workers in the
cities (slums)
• Pollution - water, streets, air
Home
Solutions /Reponses
• Adam Smith: laissez faire capitalism government should do nothing to solve
• Parliament passed laws regarding safety in
the mines, factories, minimum wages, hours
• Unions organized workers and demanded
minimum wages, hours (use strikes)
• Karl Marx: Communist Manifesto, workers
of the world unite; communism: everyone is
equal
Home
New Imperialism
Chart:
• What, Who, When, Why, Where, Results
Home
Nationalism
• Unites Germany and Italy
• Divides Austrian Empire and Ottoman
Empire
• Leads to conflict - World War I
Home
World War I (1914-1919)
MAIN causes
• Militarism- Germany & France Large armies: British
large navy
• Alliances - Triple Alliance: Austria, Germany, Italy
Triple Entente: England, France, Russia
• Imperialism - competition for colonies in Africa and for
control in the Balkans
• Nationalism - France wanted revenge on Germany for
defeat in Franco- Prussian War. Subject nationalities want
independence
Immediate cause: assassination of Austrian
archduke by a Serb
Home
World War I – War and Peace
•
•
•
•
War
Trench warfare, poison gas, flame throwers
U.S. enters and Russia drops out in 1917
President Wilson of U.S. 14 points
– Freedom of seas, self-determination, end of trade barriers,
League of Nations
– Treaty of Versailles - Germany treated harshly-responsible for war (war guilt) and must pay reparations;
Germany demilitarized, loses colonies and land
Home
Russian Revolution of 1917
• Causes:
–
–
–
–
Absolute monarch - Czar Nicholas II--weak
Nobles-wealthy, land; poor peasants want land
Losses in World War I
Lenin and Bolsheviks have communist ideas of
Marx; promise “Peace, land, bread”
• Results:
– Lenin and Bolsheviks win and take Russia out of
World War I, set up Communist party; Stalin
gets power after death of Lenin; Communist
dictator, 5 year Plans, purge opposition, USSR
Home
Rise of Dictators
Hitler in Germany
Stalin in USSR
• Leader/dictator of Nazi
party - appointed
chancellor, promises to
tear up Versailles Treaty
and blames German
problems on Jews (antiSemitism)
• Jews discriminated against,
sent to ghettos &
concentration camps-Holocaust (genocide)
• Starts World War II
• Communist dictator state planned, owned,
controlled economy
• 5 year plans--rapid
industrialization,
collectivized farms
• Eliminated any
opposition--Ukrainian
kulaks (forced famine)
Home
World War II (1939-1945)
Causes:
Failure of appeasement
• Axis aggression
– Germany in Europe - Poland, France, invades USSR,
Battle of Britain
– Japan in Asia - against China and Pacific
– Italy - Ethiopia in North Africa
Results:
Defeat of Germany and division; Japan bombed
and occupied; now both are friends of U.S.
Home
Independence Movements
India
Africa
• Leader: Mahatma Gandhi
used nonviolence, selfsufficiency, and civil
disobedience to win Indian
independence from Great
Britain - Salt March
• Partition of India into
Hindu India and Muslim
Pakistan - violence
• Kenya- Kenyatta and Mau
Maus fight against British
and win independence
• Nkrumah - followed
Gandhi’s example and
boycotted Br. Products;
won independence in 1957
for the Gold Coast (name
changed to Ghana)