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Mission Viejo High School Model United Nations 33rd Annual Conference “Orbis Unum" Futuristic Security Council: Artificial Intelligence My name is Brendan McGillicuddy and I will be your vice-chair in your FSC committee this year. This is my first time as a chair, and I know I will enjoy my experience this year as well as my years to come as committee chairs. I have won awards in most conferences I have participated in, and have a wide range of MUN and International Relations experience. At school, some of my clubs include the engineering club, music club, a charity club, and class council. Outside of school, I enjoy going to the movies with my friends, playing water polo, going to the beach, and playing video games. I look forward to meeting the delegates of this year’s committee! If you have any questions, feel free to email me at [email protected]. I. Background: The topic of artificial intelligence is one that may seem alien to many people at first. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most useful tools ever created by mankind, as it serves an extremely wide range of purposes, including deduction, reasoning, problem solving, planning, statistical representation, and countless others. The concept of AI has existed centuries before its creation; however, a major interest in artificial life surged with the science-fiction trend of the 19th and 20th centuries. The true birth of computerized AI arrived soon after Alan Turing, now renowned mathematician and father of modern computing, created his “programmable digital electronic computer” during WWII. In 1956, inspired by the recent developments in computer and neurosurgical technology, scientists met at Dartmouth College to begin the first research and development of artificial intelligence. Funded heavily by the US Department of Defense, AI researchers were writing computer programs that made AI incredibly advanced and lifelike, much to the surprise of the scientific community. They predicted that, at their rate of advancement, computers would be functioning at or above the level of a human being by the 1980s. AI’s greatest accomplishments came along in the 90s due to major strides in computer technology. These included IBM’s “Deep Blue” computer beating the world champion of chess, NASA computers learned to identify astronomical objects based on numerical data more accurately than humans, and almost all AI systems making meaningful conversations with humans. This ushered in the new era of AI that continues today. However, with the almost unbelievable amount of things artificial intelligence can accomplish today, many people are worried about weaponizing such a volatile force into LAWs, Lethal Autonomous Weapons. Armies around the world are questioning the wartime advantages of a thinking computer, and the United States, Israel, and Great Britain have already put it to work. Soldiers created by artificial intelligence could possibly save thousands of lives as they could keep humans out of warfare, detect threats, and operate much more efficiently than humans. Unfortunately, a thinking machine, capable of killing, has no emotional input. Realistically, what is stopping a robotic soldier from killing women, children, and innocent civilians if a simple software error occurs? The lack of regard for human life is most disturbing: the artificial program cannot feel nor express emotion, and operates by a set of pre-determined rules. Will AI be a new force for ending global conflicts, or will it have the unforeseen consequences that we have been warned about time and time again in science fiction? Mission Viejo High School Model United Nations 33rd Annual Conference “Orbis Unum" II. United Nations Involvement: Resistance to AI development has been a recurring topic of United Nations discussion. Many groups of professionals and scientists have sent open letters and have given lengthy speeches about the dangers and ethical concerns associated with robots capable of killing humans. Probably the single most controversial military practice today is the use of aerial attack drones. Drones, controlled by human pilots, do not make their own decisions and still are responsible for thousands of civilian deaths. Thus, the United Nations has raised many questions regarding how an emotionless machine would take on these tasks. In April 2015, the UN in Geneva held the Informal Meeting of Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons. The consensus was that the development and use of fully independent artificial intelligence for wartime use should be paused until it is properly controlled. III. Possible Solutions: Look into ways to perfect AI when it has been given the choice whether to kill or spare human life, especially its interactions with civilians and avoidance of collateral damage. Discuss in what ways LAWS can be used effectively without giving it the power to kill (expand in final draft). IV. Country Bloc Policies: Western: The western world is in almost unanimous agreement that more research and development must be done in LAWs before they should be put into action. Latin: In addition to the western nations, the Latin bloc also agreed in the Informal Meeting of Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons that LAWs should not yet be put into use until studied furthered. Middle East: Taking a stronger stand that the other international blocs, the nations of the Middle East believe that LAWs should not be used in combat at all, and that they would only increase the inhumanity of war. Asian: Despite being one of the primary sources of AI development and research, the Asian bloc’s stand in the meeting was that LAWs should never be put into place until they can effectively perform perfectly in making life or death solutions. African: In accordance with the other national blocs, Africa has taken an anti-LAW stance. Mission Viejo High School Model United Nations 33rd Annual Conference “Orbis Unum" V. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Guiding Questions: Will AI soldiers be the end of war or fuel it further? Who will be held responsible if a robotic soldier performs improperly? Under what circumstances will arming AI be safe? What ways will AI outperform humans on the battlefield? Will AI become violent and turn on humans? VI. Works Cited: www.un.org http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/%28httpPages%29/6CE049BE22EC75A2C1257C8D0 0513E26?OpenDocument http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45042#.Vj1N9rfnuUk http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/as-united-nations-tackles-the-fight-againstkiller-robots-teaching-them-right-from-wrong-may-be-the-first-step/27563/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/572/S02/denning.list.html