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Download The Civil War The early years 1861-62
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The Civil War The Onset of War 1861-62 Call to Arms • Americans had to decide which side to fight for. Many times pitting Brother against Brother and Father against son. Call to Arms • President Lincoln ask for 75,000 volunteers to put down the rebellion. • Southern men are asked to join and defend the South. False Hopes • Both sides expect the war to only last a few months. • North and South believes one big victory will force the other to surrender. Civil War Episode 1 Honorable Men end of Episode First Battle of Bull Run • On July 21, 1861 the first major battle takes place. 35,000 Union 32,500 Southern • Only about 30 miles south of Washington D.C. the North and South finally meet. First Battle of Bull Run • Spectators from Washington come out to watch the battle with picnic baskets and dressed in their best clothing. First Battle of Bull Run • Both armies are inexperienced and unprepared. • Soldiers for north and south are wearing blue uniforms causing mass confusion during the battle. First Battle of Bull Run • Early in the battle the Union forces push the Rebels back. • The Rebels rally behind General Thomas Jackson who earns the nickname “Stonewall” during the battle. First Battle of Bull Run • The Confederates rally and win the battle forcing the Union soldiers into a full retreat to Washington. First Battle of Bull Run OUTCOME • Southern Victory • Although casualties seemed horrifying at the time. They were extremely small compared to later battles. • The North was shocked and realized this would be a long war. • The South gained optimism believing they could win. The Army of the Potomac • The primary army of the Union • Over 100,000 Soldiers The Army of the Potomac • The commander of the Union forces was George B. McClellan, called “Little Mac” by his men. The Army of the Potomac • Throughout 1861, McClellan’s goal was to capture Richmond in what was known as the “Peninsula Campaign”. • McClellan’s constant fear to attack and outstanding leadership of Confederate commanders made the campaign a failure. Army of Northern Virginia • Primary fighting force of the Confederacy • Came under the command of Robert E. Lee in early 1862. Robert E. Lee Youtube video? The Western Theater • While the Union was suffering set backs in the east, in the West they were having success. The Western Theater • February 1862-Ulysses S. Grant led Union armies to victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in Tennessee on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Mississippi River. Battle of Shiloh • Grant now set his sites on the capturing the Confederate railroad center of Corinth, Mississippi. • March of 1862 Grant began to move his army towards Corinth. Battle of Shiloh • In early April 1862, Grant and his army of 40,000 camped on the banks of the Tennessee River north of Corinth near a small church called Shiloh. Battle of Shiloh • Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston decided to launch a surprise attack on the Union camp. Battle of Shiloh • April 6-7, 1862 • Confederates 40,000, Union 51,000 Battle of Shiloh • On the first day of battle the Union is caught off guard and is forced to retreat to the banks of the Tennessee River. Battle of Shiloh • The worst fighting occurs at the “Hornets’ Nest” where Iowa and Illinois soldiers hold off the Rebels long enough for others to retreat. Battle of Shiloh • General Johnston tried to rally his troops at the Hornet’s Nest • He gets shot in the leg and bled to death. • He is the highest ranking commander killed in battle on either side during the war. Battle of Shiloh • On the night of April 6th, Union reinforcements arrive on the Tennessee River. • Grant reorganizes and launches a counterattack the next day. Battle of Shiloh • The Union wins the battle. • The battle results in over 23,000 casualties, soldiers killed or wounded. • More casualties than all other American conflicts combined up until that point. Battle of Shiloh • Union forces are able to eventually capture Corinth. • The Confederacy lost an important leader and a key transportation point The Eastern Theatre • After assuming command of the Army of Northern Virginia, Robert E. Lee leads the Confederate army to victory after victory in early 1862. The Eastern Theater • Meanwhile, General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, kept three Union armies occupied with his small Confederate army of only 17,000 Stonewall Jackson Civil War Episode 3 Forever Free New Confederate Strategy • With mid-term election approaching in November of 1862, Robert E. Lee, riding a string of victories, saw an opportunity to win the war. New Confederate Strategy • Lee planned to invade the North for two reasons: – Northern farmers were about to harvest crops which he could take to feed his army – He felt one big victory in the North would convince northerners to vote in new representatives that would no longer support the war.