Download RWHS and DEWATS for Eco-efficiency and Sustainable

RWHS and DEWATS
for
Eco-efficiency and Sustainable
Development Er Ram Chandra Devkota, MOUD W&ED
Presentation Outline
• Eco-efficiency and Sustainable
Development
• Sustainability Indicators
• GON Policies on RWHS and DEWATS
• Practices on RWHS and DEWATS
• Benefits and Conclusion
Eco-efficiency and Sustainable Development
Today environmental degradation from
Urbanization, Industrialization and Economic
Growth as well as natural processes- an
important issue
ECO-EFFICIENCY IS NEEDED
• To create more goods and services while using fewer
resources and creating less wastes and pollutions
• To address the impacts of Climate Change
• To protect the rights of future generation to satisfy their
demands on natural resources
• To transform Society from Unsustainable to Sustainable
Development
Some Sustainability Indicators
S No
Theme
1
Poverty
2
Governance
3
Health
4
Education
5
Demographics
6
Natural Hazards
7
Atmosphere
8
Land
9
Oceans, Seas, Coasts
10
Biodiversity
11
Economic Development
12
Global Economic Partnership
13
Consumption and Production
Patterns
14
Fresh Water
Subtheme
Core
Indicator
Other
Indicator
Theme: Fresh Water
Sub-theme
Core Indicator
Water Quantity
•Proportion of total fresh water
used
Water Quality
•Presence of Faecal Coliforms in
Fresh Water
•BOD in Water Bodies
•Waste Water Treatment
Theme: Poverty
Sub-theme
Core Indicator
Sanitation
Proportion of Population using
Improved Sanitation Facilities
Drinking Water
Proportion of Population using
Improved Water Sources
GON POLICY PROVISIONS
1
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Policy (RWSSP)
2004
2
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Policy (UWSSP) 2009
3
National Adaptation Plan of Action on CC (NAPA)
2010
4
Local Adaptation Plan of Action on CC (LAPA)
2011
5
Climate Change Policy (CCP)
2011
6
Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan (SHMP)
2011
7
MoUD Vision Paper
2013
8
Approach Paper: TYIP 2013/14 - 2015/16
2013
Sets National
Target
WATSAN as
poverty
reduction tool
and proposes
DEWATS
CC
Adaptation
Total
Sanitation
RWH and
GWR
RWH and
EFT
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Availability of Fresh Water
Comparison among conventional and RWHS
• Centralised, government’s
responsibility – unsustainable
• Rights without responsibility wasteful use
• Large financial investments
• Negative hydrological
interventions
(groundwater depletion,
flooding)‫‏‬
• Sourcing from distant
hinterlands – externalises water
scarcity, breeds conflicts,
irresponsible attitudes;
• High level of technology needed
– to transport, treat, prevent
leakages, regulate flows, meter
and collection
• Energy intensive
Decentralized , ownership is spread out
– more sustainable
• Responsibility based, prudent use
• Low financial investments
• Positive hydrological interventions
(aquifer recharge, arrests flooding,
improves water quality)‫‏‬
• Forces people to look after their
water, local water resources
• Low level technologies
• Energy saving
Rainwater management……………………
• opportunity to harvest at household, communal and even larger
levels to support domestic, agriculture and other uses
• can be used for ground water recharge in rural and urban
areas
• good technical option in highlands areas with limited alternative
freshwater sources
• complimentary source to meet the deficit in supply in urban
areas
• scale can vary to suit particular requirements @ household,
community, small or large supply
FCT
RWH in Dept
Building
2 Cum
Jar
Recharge pit
DECENTRALISED WASTEWATER
TREATMENT AND REUSE
Typical applications for DEWATS
Single
houses
Tourism
facilities
Public
toilets
Industrial parks
Craft
villages
Residential
areas
Hospitals
Markets
Schools
There are two fundamentally different areas of
DEWATS applications
DEWATS
Rural
Urban and
peri urban
Centralized systems
Decentralized Systems
Planning
•wastewater is collected from large parts
of the city and
•conveyed to a single location for
treatment
Planning
•Wastewater is collected from a
cluster
•Wastewater is treated and disposed/
reused near the source.
Design
•Design for large areas and complex
•System expansion requires lumpy
investments
Design
•Design for small area and simple
•Incremental modular expansion of
system with small investment
Construction
•Huge upfront investment (sewer lines,
pumping stations, STPs)
•Large scale construction
Construction
•Initial investment is flexible
•Small Scale Construction
O&M
•System failure affects the whole system
•High operation and maintenance cost
•Requires skilled manpower
O&M
•System failure affects only clusters
•Low operation and maintenance cost
•Does not required skilled manpower
WW Treatment Technologies in Nepal
Aerated Lagoons
Oxidation
Ditch
Stabilization Pond
Constructed Wetlands
RWHS and DEWATS Benefits
•
•
•
•
Protect Environmental Degradation
Create more water and water services
Produce less waste and pollution
Help to address the adverse impacts of
climate change
• Support water balance and water
replenishment
• Help to achieve sustainable development
Conclusion
Scaling up Rain Water Harvesting
Systems and Decentralized Waste
Water Treatment Systems as
important components of WASH
interventions helps for improving
not only the Human Development
Index (HDI) but also the Happy
Planet Index (HPI) of our society.
Thank You !