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The Fight to Change the Tuna Industry Is a Fight for People and Planet
National Geographic : October 23, 2015
Albacore tuna is stacked and weighed before being shipped to American Samoa to be used for canned tuna. Greenpeace is exposing out of control tuna fisheries.
Tuna fishing has been linked to shark finning, overfishing and human rights abuses. Photograph by Paul Hilton/Greenpeace.
By Oliver Knowles, Greenpeace Global Tuna Campaign Leader
Earlier this month, Greenpeace put Thai Union Group on notice that we’re out to change the way it
does business. Thai Union is the largest canned tuna company in the world, owners of Chicken of the
Sea in the U.S., John West in the UK, Sealect in Thailand, Century Tuna in China, Mareblu in Italy,
Petit Navire in France, and others throughout the world. We’re demanding that the company end its
use of abused and overexploited human labor and dependency on destructive fishing.
The tuna industry has consistently failed people around the world on both sustainability and human
rights. As it stands, the majority of canned tuna available to consumers is not safe for seafood
industry workers or our oceans. Tuna industry giants like Thai Union shoulder much of the blame.
Thai Union and many of the other large tuna companies around the world use fishing methods that
result in overfishing and high levels of unintentional bycatch, including sharks, turtles and seabirds.
These methods, purse seining with fish aggregating devices (FADs) and longlining, are often
associated with illegal fishing and violations of workers’ rights as well. Investigations continue to
connect the global tuna industry to major human rights abuses, and Thai Union has seen its seafood
supply chains linked to forced labor and labor abuse in recent New York Timesand Associated
Press investigations.
Thai Union is one of a small handful of seafood mega-corporations emptying our oceans of fish. It
inflicts huge harm on the ocean environment and on too many of the poorly paid, routinely abused
and mistreated fishing crew who do it for them.
Already yielding revenues of U.S. $3.44 billion, the company has stated publicly that it plans to
increase this to $8 billion by 2020, in just 5 years’ time. Its aggressive expansion policy is designed to
penetrate and dominate key seafood markets around the world.
A recent paper argued that Thai Union and twelve other huge (but largely unheard of corporations)
now have such an impact on the world’s oceans that they should be described as “keystone actors” in
the global marine environment. The paper argued that such keystone actors will be critical in shaping
the future direction of seafood production and, as a consequence, the future of marine ecosystems.
Put another way, they have to be put right, and fast.
Below the surface of the ocean things are changing dramatically. Overall, populations of tuna have
declined, on average, by 60 percent over the last half century. The healthier more abundant skipjack
stocks mask the serious decline of the larger, more vulnerable tuna species like Pacific bluefin and
Southern bluefin which have declined by 90–95%. Some would describe this as free-fall.
If this pace of ecosystem change were taking place on land, governments would now be meeting in
high level emergency summits. Hidden beneath the water it’s easier to ignore.
Empty Oceans
When we empty the oceans of fish, we don’t just lose a source of food. The more pressing point is
this – empty oceans are dead oceans. And when they die, they stop providing all of the things we
depend on them for – oxygen production, carbon storage, food, and the mechanisms that help
regulate and stabilize our climate.
This month, the journal Nature Climate Change published a paper suggesting that the killing of ocean
predators like sharks and tuna is increasing the speed of climate change and the ocean’s ability to
mitigate against it. It points to a ‘trophic cascade’ as the loss of so many top predators allows for
increased numbers of sea turtles, crabs, stingrays and starfish. These herbivores are rapidly eating
their way through the world’s seagrass beds and digging up the ocean floor, damaging one of the
world’s most important systems for storing and cycling carbon.
Out of Control
Put simply, global tuna fisheries are out of control. Poorly managed, with almost non-existent
enforcement on the oceans, a vast range of complex and highly interwoven environmental, social and
economic problems have been allowed to flourish while shareholders have sat back and watched the
money roll in.
Human trafficking, routine abuse and even murder on board poorly regulated vessels. Fishing
practices that are wasteful and destructive. Far reaching impacts on the future ability of our oceans to
support life on earth. The injustice of food resources taken from poor parts of the world and sold for
profits in the world’s wealthy markets while local communities go hungry. These are not fringe
problems.
Change
It doesn’t have to be this way. Already pressure from individuals has encouraged many of the world’s
leading brands and retailers to make far reaching changes to their tuna and seafood supply chains
that effectively rule out destructive fishing and labor abuse.
Greenpeace’s campaign to change Thai Union is not just about saving tuna. It is not simply a
campaign to protect marine biodiversity, vitally important as these things are. Hidden for too long in
the out of control behaviors of these global seafood mega-corporations are the costs to us all as
people on a fragile planet.
We need a stronger and wider oceans movement of people standing up to these mega-corporations if
we’re to successfully challenge these keystone actors, these ocean seafood majors, in the way that
people have done to big oil like Shell and its pursuit of Arctic drilling. Social and community activists,
consumers, fishermen’s associations, trade unions and labor rights campaigners, environmentalists
and human rights activists must unite to protect the largest and most important ecosystem on earth.
No longer just about tuna, or any single species, we need a global movement to wrest back control of
the oceans on which we are all dependent and reshape the way we use them in the interests of all.
That starts with changing Thai Union.