Download Case of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission

Good Practices with Regional
Management Bodies: Case of the Indian
Ocean Tuna Commission
Rondolph PAYET
Executive Secretary
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
IOTC
 Established in 1996 , it is the only RFMO based in the IO, and
the only tuna RFMO under the FAO of United Nations
framework.
 Headquarters – based in Victoria, Seychelles
 31 full Member States and 2 Cooperating States
 Most of the tuna fishing nations are members (over 80-90%
of the catch).
 The objective of the IOTC is to promote cooperation
among its Members to ensure, through appropriate
management, the conservation and optimum utilization
of stocks covered by the Agreement and to encourage
sustainable development of related fisheries
 Performance review (2nd)
IOTC
 Decisions are binding by majority rule.
 Decisions (Resolutions) taken collectively but
implemented at national Level.
 Objection procedures
• Most CMMs adopted by the IOTC apply throughout the
entire competence area, including coastal State EEZs, and
thus potentially affect coastal States’ sovereign rights
over the living resources in their EEZs as the CMM in some
way or another restrict fishing activities.
 Countries must translate the Resolutions in national laws.
 Members make contribution's to the organisation ( GDP,
Catch level, development status)
 Carry out capacity building activities
The structure of IOTC
Commission
(31+2 Member States decide
on actions)
Secretariat
(support all
processes at all
levels
Compliance
Committee
(advise on
enforcement)
Scientific
Committee
(advise on
status)
Working Groups
(scientific analysis)
IGO and NGO
•Tropical Tunas
•Billfish
•Temperate Tunas
•Ecosystems
•Data Collection
•Methods
What are the species under IOTC
mandate?
•Yellowfin, skipjack, bigeye, albacore tunas
and swordfish the main species.
•Neritic tunas important at a sub-regional
level.
•16 Species in total + sharks, seasbirds,
whales ( associated species).
• Virtually all the transboundary stocks of
importance in the IO.
• About 40% of catches in the high-seas.
Year
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
Sum of Catch
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
Millions of metric tons
Catch 1973-2012
WS
Catch IOTC Species 1973-2012
1.6
Species
GUT
COM
1.2
BLT
FRI
KAW
LOT
0.8
SFA
MLS
BUM
BLM
SWO
0.4
SKJ
SBF
ALB
BET
0.0
YFT
Compliance
2010
Implementing year
2010
2011
2012
Compliance rate
25%
38%
46%
2011
Compliance
Meter
Compliant
Partially Compliant
Not Compliant
Compliance – where we are
2010
2011
2012
2012
Approaches –
Science to
Governance/Decisio
n making
Better science to guide decision making:
•Evaluation of uncertainty in the
stock status, development of
robust management strategies.
•Precautionary approach
•Incorporating ecosystem
considerations into management
decisions.
•The development Management
Strategy Evaluation for Harvest
Control Rules.
Management Strategy Evaluation and
Harvest Control Rules
What is Management Strategy Evaluation?
•A strategic risk assessment tool
•Prospective evaluation of alternative management strategies
•Selection of management strategies that are most likely to meet
management objectives and “robust” to major uncertainties
•Two components
• Consultative process
• Technical implementation
Components of a Harvest Strategy
• Objectives
• What the strategy is designed to achieve.
• Monitoring
• Assessment
• Stock assessment or simple analysis
• Harvest Control Rules or Decision rule
• An agreed basis for using the output of
monitoring to change/not change the level of
fishing
• Implementation
• Management measures designed to achieve
change in fishing mortality.
Management Strategy Evaluation and
Harvest Control Rules
Development of Harvest Strategies for Conservation Measures
•Evaluation of their performance against management
objectives.
•Understand their sensitivity and robustness to uncertainties
•Use of simulation tools to explore the robustness of
management options to uncertainties in the system
•Compare the evolution of “real” and perceived systems to
quantify errors and biases
•To quantify the success at achieving pre-agreed objectives
What is MSE
Challenges
 Sustaining Catch levels and Controlling fishing capacity
 Participation of developing countries
 Translation of the conservation and management




measures into national laws
Compliance to Conservation and management measures
Managing the fisheries development aspirations of the
developing/coastal states
Financial contributions
Distribution of the conservation burden and benefit is a
critical challenge to the conservation and management
of trans-boundary fish stocks - How to share the
conservation burden
Implications for IW LEARN Projects/GEF
– Marine Fisheries Perspectives
 Traditional Approach
 Science-based approach tends to drive the
Strategy/institutional frameworks
 Alternative Approach
 Determine the strategy First ( a dialogue between the
scientist/Decision-makers).
 Determine your decision rule ( what to do when X
happens)
 Advise what science needs to address
 Implementation of management decision/monitoring
and assessments.
 Performance Review of the Commissions/Authority
Area Beyond National Jurisdiction
(ABNJ) Project – Tuna
 FAO (with WWF) implemented (GEF funded) –
 Support Tuna RFMOs improving science to
management/governance
 Promote Sustainable management of tuna resources
 Strengthen Monitoring and surveillance of fisheries
 Reduce ecosystem aspects.
Thank You
Website: www.iotc.org