Download DUKUNGAN SISTEM OPERASI OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORT

ASSALAMU’ALAIKUM
ARSITEKTUR KOMPUTER
DUKUNGAN SISTEM OPERASI
OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORT
Disajikan Oleh :
RAHMAD KURNIAWAN
TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UIN SUSKA RIAU
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
RAHMAD KURNIAWAN
1
Why need an Operating System???
My students, the section of our lesson
differs from previous lesson.
This section we will study introduce
about Operating System?
Do you know what is an operating
system?
Have you been use Windows XP,
Vista, W7, W8, linux, etc? They are
example from Operating System.
Computer Architecture is need
support by Operating System
2
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
What are we will study???

What is an operating system

History of operating systems

The operating system zoo

Computer hardware review

Operating system concepts

System calls

Operating system structure
3
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Remember !
 A modern computer consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
One or more processors
Main memory
Disks
Printers
Various input/output devices
 Managing all these components requires a
layer of software – the operating system
4
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Modes of Operation
Most computers have two modes of
operation.


Kernel Mode
 The operating system is the fundamendtal
piece of software and runs in kernel mode
(also called superviso mode).
User mode
 The rest of the software runs in user mode,
in which only a subset of the machine
instruction is available.
5
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
What is an Operating System?
Figure 1-1. Where the operating system fits in.
6
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Cont...
7
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Cont...
It is an extended machine


Hides the messy details which must be
performed
Presents user with a virtual machine,
easier to use
It is a resource manager


Each program gets time with the
resource
Each program gets space on the
resource
8
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
The Operating System as an Extended
Machine
Figure 1-2. Operating systems turn ugly hardware into beautiful
abstractions.
9
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
The Operating System as a Resource
Manager
 Allow multiple programs to run at the same
time
 Manage and protect memory, I/O devices,
and other resources
 Includes multiplexing (sharing) resources
in two different ways:


In time
In space
10
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
History of Operating Systems
Generations:




(1945–55) Vacuum Tubes
(1955–65) Transistors and Batch Systems
(1965–1980) ICs and Multiprogramming
(1980–Present) Personal Computers
11
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Transistors and Batch Systems (1)
Figure 1-3. An early batch system.
(a) Programmers bring cards to 1401.
(b)1401 reads batch of jobs onto tape.
12
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Transistors and Batch Systems (2)
Figure 1-4. (c) Operator carries input tape to 7094. (d) 7094 does
computing. (e) Operator carries output tape to 1401. (f) 1401
prints output.
13
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Transistors and Batch Systems (4)
Figure 1-5. Structure of a typical FMS job.
14
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
ICs and Multiprogramming
Figure 1-6. A multiprogramming system
with three jobs in memory.
15
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Computer Hardware Review
Figure 1-7. Some of the components
of a simple personal computer.
16
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
CPU Pipelining
Figure 1-8. (a) A three-stage pipeline. (b) A superscalar CPU.
17
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Multithreaded and Multicore Chips
Figure 1-9. (a) A quad-core chip with a shared L2 cache.
(b) A quad-core chip with separate L2 caches.
18
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Memory (1)
Figure 1-10. A typical memory hierarchy.
The numbers are very rough approximations.
19
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Memory (2)
Questions when dealing with cache:
When to put a new item into the
cache.
Which cache line to put the new item
in.
Which item to remove from the cache
when a slot is needed.
Where to put a newly evicted item in
the larger memory.
20
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Disk
Figure 1-11. Structure of a disk drive.
21
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
I/O Devices
Figure 1-12. (a) The steps in starting an I/O device and
getting an interrupt.
22
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Figure 1-13. The structure of a large Pentium system
23
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
The Operating System Zoo
Mainframe operating systems
Server operating systems
Multiprocessor operating systems
Personal computer operating systems
Handheld operating systems
Embedded operating systems
Sensor node operating systems
Real-time operating systems
Smart card operating systems
24
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Operating System Concepts
Processes
Address spaces
Files
Input/Output
Protection
Shell
Virtual memory
25
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Processes
Figure 1-14. A process tree. Process A created two child
processes, B and C. Process B created three child
processes, D, E, and F.
26
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Deadlock
(a) A potential deadlock. (b) an actual deadlock.
27
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Files (1)
Figure 1-15. A file system for a university department.
28
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Files (2)
Figure 1-16. (a) Before mounting, the files on the CD-ROM are not
accessible. (b) After mounting, they are part of the file
hierarchy.
29
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Files (3)
Figure 1-17. Two processes connected by a pipe.
30
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
System Calls
System calls: a set of “extended
instructions" provided by O.S.,
providing the interface between a
process and the O.S.
Example: Read a certain number of
bytes from a file
count = read(fd, buffer, nbytes)
31
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Cont...
Figure 1-18. The 11 steps in making the system call
read(fd, buffer, nbytes).
32
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
System Calls for Process Management
33
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
System Calls for File Management (1)
34
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
System Calls for File Management (2)
35
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Memory Layout
Figure 1-19. Processes have three segments:
text, data, and stack.
36
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Operating Systems Structure
Monolithic systems – basic structure:
•
•
•
A main program that invokes the requested
service procedure.
A set of service procedures that carry out
the system calls.
A set of utility procedures that help the
service procedures.
37
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Cont...
Simple structuring model for a monolithic system
38
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Reference:
Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems
3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
39
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Thank you
40
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE