Download Types of Sentences - Mr Spencer`s Guide to English Language Arts

Parts of Speech Review
Nouns
I. A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or
quality
EX – James Stanley is my friend.
II. There are two main classes of nouns: common and
proper
A common noun names any one of a class of
objects
EX – child, tree, home, car
Give 5 examples: ____________________________
A proper noun names a particular person, place, or
thing. It will always begin with a capital letter.
EX – Ted Kennedy, Boston, Boston Public Garden
Give 5 examples: ____________________________
III. An appositive is a noun and any adjectives that
identifies or explains the noun that it follows.
EX – My dog, Lilly, is an Italian Greyhound.
Give an example: ___________________________
IV. An appositive phrase is an appositive and any
adjectives. It is always set off by commas.
EX – The book, a teen novel, is one of the best I’ve
read.
Give an example: ___________________________
Parts of Speech Review
Pronouns
I. A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.
The noun it takes the place of is called its antecedent.
There are four main classes of pronouns: subject,
object, possessive, and indefinite.
A. A subject pronoun is used as the subject of a
sentence
EX - We are going to the tournament.
Give an example - ______________________
_____________________________________
B. An object pronoun is used after an action verb
or preposition
EX – James threw the ball to me.
Give an example - ______________________
_____________________________________
C. A possessive pronoun shows ownership of
something
EX – The blue shoes are mine.
Give an example - ______________________
_____________________________________
D. An indefinite pronoun does not refer to a
specific noun
EX – Someone should walk down to the park.
Give an example - _____________________
____________________________________
Parts of Speech Review
Adjectives
I. An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a
noun or pronoun.
Adjectives help tell us what kind, which one, or how
many.
EX – bright penny, these oranges, twelve classmates
List 3 adjectives for classroom that describe:
What kind? _______________________________
Which one? _______________________________
How many? _______________________________
II. A proper adjective is an adjective that is formed from
a proper noun. It will always begin with a capital letter.
EX – American continent, English language
III. The articles a, an, and the are called limiting
adjectives.
Parts of Speech Review
Basics of Verbs
I. A verb is a word that expresses action, being, or state
of being.
EX –
Keith went to the store.
Keith is a teacher.
II. There are several types of verbs:
An action verb is a verb that expresses action.
EX –
Keith taught the lesson.
Write two sentences demonstrating action verbs:
1. _______________________________________
2. _______________________________________
A linking verb does not show action. It links the subject
to a word that describes it or gives another name.
A verb can be a linking verb if it can replace one of the
verbs of being: am, are, is, was, were.
EX –
Keith is intelligent.
Keith looks handsome.
Write two sentences demonstrating linking verbs:
1. _______________________________________
2. _______________________________________
Parts of Speech Review
Verb Tense
I. The tense of the verb tells the time of the action or
being.
II. There are five basic verb tenses: present, present
participle, past, past participle, and future.
The present tense tells about what is happening now.
EX – laugh
The present participle is formed when using the helping
verb to be and add –ing to a present tense verb.
EX – Keith is laughing all the time.
The past tense tells about something that happened
before. To form, add –ed to the present tense verb.
EX - laughed
The past participle is formed when using the helping
verb have and a past tense verb.
EX - (have, has, had) laughed
The future tense tells about something that will happen.
The verb must always be accompanied by will or shall.
EX – I will laugh when we see the movie.
Parts of Speech Review
Adverbs
I. An adverb is a word that modifies or describes a verb,
another adverb, or an adjective.
- Adverbs usually tell how, when, where, or how
often.
- Many verbs end in –ly.
- EXAMPLES: The rain poured steadily.
His memories were extremely clear.
She responded very quickly.
II. There are 3 degrees of comparison: positive,
comparative, and superlative.
- Positive: the simple adverb form
EXAMPLE: Kathy ran fast in the race.
- Comparative: two actions being compared
EXAMPLE: Amy ran faster than Kathy.
- Superlative: three or more actions being compared
EXAMPLE: Maureen ran the fastest of all.
III. Use more or most with longer adverbs and with
adverbs that end in –ly.
EXAMPLE: Louisa ran more energetically than Bob.
Parts of Speech Review
Conjunctions
I. A conjunction is a word used to join words or groups
of words.
- EXAMPLE: Yuri and Brant have arrived.
They worked until the sun went down.
I went, but he had to work.
II. There are many commonly used conjunctions.
Although
And
As
Because
But
For
However
If
Nor
Or
Since
Than
That
Though
Unless
When
Whether
While
Whereas
Yet
III. Some conjunctions must be used in pairs. They are
called coordinating conjunctions.
either… or
neither… nor
not only… but also
- EXAMPLE: Neither Mark nor Judith will be allowed
to go on the field trip.
Prepositions Study Guide
I. A preposition relates a noun or pronoun to another
word in the sentence.
II. The object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun
that follows a preposition.
III. A preposition, its object, and any words that describe
the object make up a prepositional phrase.
40 Common Prepositions
about
along
below
down
inside
on
through
until
above
around
beneath
during
into
out
throughout
up
across
at
beside
for
near
outside
to
upon
after
before
beyond
from
of
over
toward
with
against
behind
by
in
off
past
under
without