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Name___________________________________________ Lab–MeasuringSoilCondition Themajoressentialnutrientelementssuppliedtoplantsthroughthesoilarenitrogen, phosphorus,andpotassium.Soilsamplingisthefirststepinsuccessfulsoilfertility management.WewillbetestingoursoilsamplesfromAcaciaforpH,nitrogen, phosphorus,andpotassiumusingsoiltestkits. SoilPreparation 1. Spreadoutthecompositesampleonacleansheetofpaperorplastic. 2. Allowthesoiltodryseveralhoursorovernight. 3. Removeforeignmattersuchasleaves,twigs,andstones. 4. Gentlycrushsoiltoremovelumps. 5. Siftthesamplethroughascreenorfloursiftertogiveauniformsample. pH-ThepHscaleisanumericalsystemusedtomeasuretheacidityofalkalinityofasoil. Plantswillnotthriveisthesoiliseithertooacidortooalkaline,becausethesoilpH directlyaffectstheavailabilityofmineralnutrients. 1. FindthecolorchartforpH. 2. FollowtheinstructionsforpHTestinLaMotteSoilTestKitGardenGuide. 3. RecordyourpHintheDataTable AvailablePhosphorus(P)-Youngplantsabsorblargeamountsofphosphorus,which speedsseedlingdevelopmentandpromotesearlyrootformation.Rapidearlygrowth meanshardier,strongerplants.Inmatureplants,phosphorusisvitaltothedevelopment ofhealthyseedsandfruit.Phosphorusgenerallylimitsplantgrowth.Itisdepletedthrough harvestingofcrops.Leachingdoesnotreallyoccurbecauseitbindseasilytoclayparticles. Itdoesnotgenerallyrun-offunlessexcessfertilizerisapplied,sometimescausingalgal blooms. 1. FindthecolorchartforPhosphorus. 2. FollowtheinstructionsforphosphorusTestinLaMotteSoilTestKitGardenGuide. 3. RecordyourphosphoruslevelintheDataTable AvailableNitrogen(N)-Nitrogenisapartofeverycell.Asacomponentofaminoacids, thebuildingblocksofprotein,nitrogenisavitallinkintheworld’sfoodsupply.It stimulatesabove-groundgrowthandproducestherichgreencolorcharacteristicof healthyplants.Soilnitrogenisdepletedthroughharvestingofcrops,leachingbyrain waterandirrigation,anddenitrification. 1. FindthecolorchartforNitrogen. 2. FollowtheinstructionsfornitrogenTestinLaMotteSoilTestKitGardenGuide. 3. RecordyournitrogenlevelintheDataTable AvailablePotassium(K)-Potassiumactsasacatalyst,achemicalagentwhichfacilitatesa numberofchemicalprocessesintheplant.Potassiumfacilitatesanumberofplant processes.Itstrengthensnaturalmechanismsfortheresistanceofdiseaseandextremesof weather. 1. FindthecolorchartforPotassium. 2. FollowtheinstructionsforPotassiumTestinLaMotteSoilTestKitGardenGuide. 3. RecordyourpotassiumlevelintheDataTable DataCollection FieldSoil ForestSoil pH P N K Analysis A. UsingtheGardenGuideManual,page10and14,determinehowmuchofeachtype ofnutrientneedstobeaddedforidealplantgrowthforpHuseGroupBplantssince Acaciahasoakandpinetrees. pH– N– P– K– B. Areyourresultsdifferentbetweenfieldsoilandforestsoil?Giveanexplanationwhythat mightbethecase. C. Ifasamplehadbeentakenfromthe“greens”or“fairway”area,doyouthinktheresults mighthavebeendifferent?Why? D. Usingourbookorthefold-overyoumadewiththenitrogennutrientcycle,listthe processesatworktomakenitrateavailabletoplants. E. Usingyourbook,identify2otherchemicalpropertiesofsoiland2biologicalproperties andexplainwhattheyareandwhytheyareimportant.
