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ANCIENT GREECE Day 1 GREEK GEOGRAPHY located on ________________________Peninsula Located in ________________________________Sea • Aegean Sea (Greece / Asia Minor) • Ionian Sea (Greece / Italy) ¾’s mountainous • Hard to __________________________ • Promoted Development of Individual City-States 2 Main City-States Sparta Athens ANCIENT SPARTA 725 BC 640 BC Messenean War Sparta attacks Messenea need _____________________for growing population Spartans defeated the Messeneans • turned them into slaves = ____________ Helot Revolt Helots almost won Sparta feared future revolts, so Sparta developed the Code of ________________ • turned Sparta into a ________________ society CODE OF LYCURGUS •Total _______________and Obedience to Sparta •”Live to Die” for Sparta •“2 ways to get a tombstone on your grave die in ___________// die in ____________ Kryptiea “death squads” to eliminate ______________________ leaders SPARTAN AGOGE Physical training and Education for Spartan males Birth •unhealthy babies sent to hills to die •get rid of ___________________________________ Age 7 ________________________Camp •begin learning discipline, obedience, training Age 12 War Games •“cloak and barefoot” •Spartan Black Broth (Blood Broth) SPARTAN AGOGE Physical training and Education for Spartan males Age 20 •became a part time _________________________________ •considered a citizen and could marry, but had to stay in barracks Age 30 ”_____________________________” •Considered a “____________________Citizen” •could vote in the _______________________________ •could live at home Age ______________ •Retire SPARTAN WOMEN SPARTAN WOMEN “Breeding Machines” “________________________________” = most important function mothers with numerous sons were given “special status” “return carrying your shield or carried on it” Mom’s MUST be physically fit produce ___________________________________kids women exercised nude not being fit was an embarrassment ANCIENT Day 2 Athens ___________________________controlled society • wealthy • misused their power • made up ____________________________ • Soldiers on horseback Growing need for “__________________” in the military • ______________________________ • Small farmers/Commoners ANCIENT Athens Small farmers/Commoners began to demand more political power • When they were fighting, they could not ________________ • they could not produce crops to sell to pay their bills ATHENIAN REFORMERS 621 BC _____________________ • 1st to ______________________________________ • established harsh punishments • prevent people from breaking laws • “Death penalty” • could become a “_____________” for not paying debts Draco made things ______________instead of _____________ ANCIENT Athens ATHENIAN REFORMERS 594 BC -- __________________________ “Removal of Burdens” • Cancelled all land debts • ______________________people enslaved for not paying debts Improved the situation, but did not solve the problem • Aristocrats still had too much _______________________ 546 BC -- PEISISTRATUS 1)reduced __________ 2)gave _______loans to build up farms reforms helped, but did not solve problems…Aristocrats still had power 527 BC -- HIPPIAS • originally continued the reforms of Peisistratus • became very harsh after his brother was killed ANCIENT Athens 510 BC _______________________overthrew Hippias •began setting up democratic reforms • Aristocrats were upset at and united to overthrow Cleisthenes 508 BC “______________________________Revolt” • Commoners overthrew the Aristocrats __________time in history that commoners successfully overthrew their government •asked Cleisthenes to return and develop a new government •he had to set up a “revolutionary government” for a “revolutionary situation” ANCIENT Athens GOVERNMENT CREATED BY CLEISTHENES 1. ATHENIAN ________________________________________ • ________________citizens were members • most powerful • voted on bills 2. COUNCIL OF 500 • Proposed bills 3. LOTTERY SYSTEM • reduce influence of money 4. OSTRACISM • remove ______________that were UNPOPULAR OR TOO POWERFUL 5. WRIT OF UNCONSTITUTIONALITY • remove BAD __________and the POLITICIANS that proposed the law 6. JURY SYSTEM • 101 to 1001 members ANCIENT Athens CLEISTHENES had created the world’s 1st ___________ Government by ________________________ “Father of Democracy” White Pebble – “__________” vote Black Pebble – “__________” vote PERSIAN WARS Day 3 Greeks began developing Colonies in __________Minor 547 BC Persian King Cyrus conquered Asia Minor made Greeks: 1. fight in military 2. pay taxes LOST ABILITY TO _____________________________ 499 BC Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against Persians __________sent troops to support the revolt 1 490 BC PERSIAN WAR King Darius sent troops to invade Greece for sticking their noses in the Persian’s business BATTLE OF ____________________________ Persian’s Plan 1. Attack from Marathon 2. Sail around to southern Athens and attack Greeks “surprise attack” the Persians…Persians ______ Persians got back on their ships and tried to sail around and attack Athens ______________________ran 26 miles to tell the Athenians they had won and to not open up the gates of the city Persians did not attack and returned to Persia nd 2 480 BC PERSIAN WAR King _____________________attacked Greece __________________for losing 1st Persian war + 350,000 soldiers 10,000 “Immortals” BATTLE OF __________________________________ Strategic location - mountain pass on route to Athens (roughly 45’ wide) Spartan King _________________________led 300 Spartans “Come home carrying your shields or carried on it” “Sire Only” mission Suicide mission _________________, Greek Traitor, told Persians of way around pass Allow _______________________time to evacuate nd 2 PERSIAN WAR BATTLE OF SALAMIS Athenian navy to lure Persian navy into the Straits of Salamis straits were narrow and shallow acted as a “funnel” Athenian Navy ________________the Persian Navy 479 BC BATTLE OF PLATAEA Greeks defeated remaining Persian army nd 2 PERSIAN WAR RESULTS OF PERSIAN WARS Increase in Greek Pride Preserved ________________________________ Athens became leading Greek city-state led to beginning of Athenian “____________________________” formation of the ___________________League •Greek _____________________to stop further Persian attacks Set stage for war between Athens and Sparta ATHENIAN GOLDEN AGE ____________ became leading Greek polis _____________ became leading Athenian politician used $$ from DELIAN LEAGUE to achieve goals 1)Expand ______________________________ began paying office holders 2)Expand Athenian Empire COLONIES NAVY 3)Rebuild // Beautify Athens o WALLS of ________________________________ o ________________________________ PELOPONNESIAN WAR REASONS FOR WAR 1)Sparta felt “______________________” and ____“______________” the growing power and actions of Athens walls navy Delian League (“Athenian Empire”) Sparta created the “PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE” to challenge the Delian League • “rival alliances” create “powder kegs” 2)Athenian _________________________ PELOPONNESIAN WAR ATHENIAN PROBLEMS 1)430 BC __________________________hit Athens 1/3 of people died - including Pericles last capable ruler of Athens 2)415 BC Athenian NAVY defeated 3)Athens moving towards “Mob Rule” 404 BC _____________ surrenders to _______________ Athens destroyed protective walls torn down END OF ATHENIAN _____________________