Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus) wikipedia , lookup
Vigna umbellata wikipedia , lookup
Gartons Agricultural Plant Breeders wikipedia , lookup
Perovskia atriplicifolia wikipedia , lookup
10/19/2013 About Garlic Species John Porter Origin • European Cultivation • Worldwide Uses • Food and Medicine WVU Kanawha County Extension Service Eastern and Western Medical Uses Traditional • Allium sativum Ancient Uses of Garlic Ancient Egyptians used garlic to cure headaches, tumors, heart disorders, and intestinal worms • General antibiotic Modern • Blood pressure and heart disease • Prevention of certain cancers (stomach and colon cancer) How Garlic is Consumed Ancient Olympic athletes ate garlic to increase their energy First century A.D. it was prescribed to the Roman army as an anthelmintic (used to kill intestinal worms) Possible Side Affects Eaten • Raw or cooked • Chopped, minced, whole, and crushed Dried or powdered Tablets Capsules Oils and Extracts Bad Breath Body Odor Heart burn, upset stomach, and allergic reaction Blood thinner (like aspirin) Interferes with the effectiveness of Saquinavir, a drug used to treat HIV No known effects on other drugs 1 10/19/2013 General Categories Hardneck Allium sativum orphioscordon Types of Garlic • Grows best in cold winter climates. • Harder to store • Produces scapes Softneck Allium sativum sativum • Prefers mild winter. • Easier to store. Elephant Allium ameloprasum • Not a true garlic, just a relative that tastes like garlic. • Milder flavor. • Can be sharp and pungent if winter is harsh. Porcelain Garlic (Hardneck) Size Storage Flavor Hardiness Notes • 5-7 Large cloves per bulb ‘Georgian Crystal’ • 7 months + ‘German White’ • Starts mild, stronger with age • Likes freezing • Prolific scape production Rocambole Garlic (Hardneck) Size Storage Flavor Hardiness Notes Porcelain Garlic Varieties • 6-10 medium cloves per bulb ‘Music’ ‘Romanian Red’ Rocambole Garlic Varieties ‘German Red’ • Short term – eat first • Most complex of all garlics • Requires chilling/freezing • Large bulbs shrink/lose skin ‘Killarney Red’ ‘Spanish Roja’ 2 10/19/2013 Purple Stripe Garlic (Hardneck) Size Storage Flavor Hardiness Notes • Around five medium cloves • 6 months + • Strong flavor • Can grow to zone 3 • Harvest early, good drainage Creole Garlic (Hardneck) Size Storage Flavor Hardiness Notes • 8-12 medium cloves per bulb • Eight months + • Clean and robust • Zone 7 + Size • 6 large cloves per bulb Storage • Can be 5 months or less Hardiness Notes ‘Brown Tempest’ ‘Chesnok Red’ ‘Metechi’ ‘Persian Star’ Creole Garlic Varieties ‘Burgundy’ ‘Creole Red’ • Poor scape production Turban Garlic (Hardneck) Flavor Purple Stripe Garlic Varieties • Pungent to hot • Zone 6-9 Turban Garlic Varieties ‘Red Janice’ ‘Xian’ • Can be harvested very early 3 10/19/2013 Asiatic Garlic (Hardneck) Size Storage Flavor Hardiness Notes • 8-12 large cloves per bulb Storage Flavor Hardiness Notes • Fiery, sweetens when cooked Storage Flavor • Matures as early as mid-May • 12-20 small/med cloves ‘Thermidrone’ Rocambole Garlic Varieties ‘California Early’ • 10 months + • Hot, Less complex than others ‘Inchelium Red’ • Zone 6 + • Grocery Store Garlic •Modest cloves/bulbs ‘Susanville’ Rocambole Garlic Varieties ‘Nootka Rose’ •Eight months + •Hot, pungent Hardiness •Zone 5-9 Notes ‘Korean Red’ • Zone 7-9 Silverskin Garlic (Softneck) Size ‘Asian Tempest’ • Short Artichoke Garlic (Softneck) Size Asiatic Garlic Varieties •Matures late ‘S&H Silverskin’ ‘Silverwhite’ 4 10/19/2013 Elephant Garlic (Not Garlic) Size Storage Flavor • Very large cloves • Good Growing Garlic • Mild, garlic-like Hardiness • Zone 6-8 Notes • Produces large flowers Soil Requirement Fertility Requirement High Organic Matter WellDrained pH 6 - 7 Loose/airy Clay = irregular growth Prepare for Planting Heavy feeder • Requires high Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium • Apply balanced fertilizer pre-planting High Nitrogen Requirement • Add extra nitrogen (high-N compost such as poultry manure) • Side dress with extra N in spring (before mid-May) Planting Carefully separate cloves Pointy end up • Make sure flat plate is attached • Make sure skin is unbroken Plant in mid-late October Select larger cloves • Small cloves = small plants = small bulbs Spacing = 6 inches (12 in between rows) •Turban/Asiatic = 4 inches •Porcelain = 8 inches 5 10/19/2013 Planting Bulbils Mulching Mulch when planting Bulbils form on mature scapes Apply 3 inches of mulch Can be planted in fall Several options…. Small plant first year Grows full sized in second year Garlic Disease Management • Straw • Shredded Leaves • Shredded Paper • Sawdust New Garlic Pest Some fungal diseases can affect garlic Do not plant diseased cloves Rotate crops Remove diseased plants Garlic Scapes Produced by hard neck varieties Immature bloom stalks Harvest when they curl Removing increases bulb size Tasty, big-flavored vegetable Garlic Bloat Nematode Green Garlic Harvested early/young plants Resemble scallions Light, garlic flavor Good use for small cloves 6 10/19/2013 When to Harvest How to Harvest About 20 days after scapes harvested Loosen soil under bulbs before pulling • Use a digging fork or other tool When bottom leaves yellow When all foliage begins to wither Bulbs can be damaged or bruised Can be eaten immediately, but curing needed for storage Storing Garlic Curing Garlic Trim off all roots and brush off dirt Lay out or hang whole plants Store in mesh or paper bags, baskets, or terra cotta pots Use a warm, dry space After a week, cut off all but 4 inches of neck on hardneck and elephant garlics After 2-3 weeks, softneck garlic can be braided Cure all for four weeks before storage Store at cool room temperature Do not refrigerate – will break dormancy Where to Buy Garlic Burpee Seed Savers Exchange Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Territorial Seed 7