Download Garlic - WVU Extension Service

10/19/2013
About Garlic
Species
John Porter
Origin
• European
Cultivation
• Worldwide
Uses
• Food and
Medicine
WVU Kanawha County Extension Service
Eastern and Western
Medical Uses
Traditional
• Allium sativum
Ancient Uses of Garlic
Ancient Egyptians used garlic to cure
headaches, tumors, heart disorders,
and intestinal worms
• General antibiotic
Modern
• Blood pressure and heart disease
• Prevention of certain cancers
(stomach and colon cancer)
How Garlic is Consumed
Ancient Olympic athletes ate garlic
to increase their energy
First century A.D. it was prescribed to
the Roman army as an anthelmintic
(used to kill intestinal worms)
Possible Side Affects
Eaten
• Raw or cooked
• Chopped, minced, whole, and
crushed
Dried or powdered
Tablets
Capsules
Oils and Extracts
Bad Breath
Body Odor
Heart burn, upset
stomach, and
allergic reaction
Blood thinner (like
aspirin)
Interferes with the
effectiveness of
Saquinavir, a drug
used to treat HIV
No known effects
on other drugs
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General Categories
Hardneck Allium sativum orphioscordon
Types of Garlic
• Grows best in cold winter climates.
• Harder to store
• Produces scapes
Softneck Allium sativum sativum
• Prefers mild winter.
• Easier to store.
Elephant Allium ameloprasum
• Not a true garlic, just a relative that tastes like garlic.
• Milder flavor.
• Can be sharp and pungent if winter is harsh.
Porcelain Garlic (Hardneck)
Size
Storage
Flavor
Hardiness
Notes
• 5-7 Large cloves per bulb
‘Georgian Crystal’
• 7 months +
‘German White’
• Starts mild, stronger with age
• Likes freezing
• Prolific scape production
Rocambole Garlic (Hardneck)
Size
Storage
Flavor
Hardiness
Notes
Porcelain Garlic Varieties
• 6-10 medium cloves per bulb
‘Music’
‘Romanian Red’
Rocambole Garlic Varieties
‘German Red’
• Short term – eat first
• Most complex of all garlics
• Requires chilling/freezing
• Large bulbs shrink/lose skin
‘Killarney Red’
‘Spanish Roja’
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Purple Stripe Garlic (Hardneck)
Size
Storage
Flavor
Hardiness
Notes
• Around five medium cloves
• 6 months +
• Strong flavor
• Can grow to zone 3
• Harvest early, good drainage
Creole Garlic (Hardneck)
Size
Storage
Flavor
Hardiness
Notes
• 8-12 medium cloves per bulb
• Eight months +
• Clean and robust
• Zone 7 +
Size
• 6 large cloves per bulb
Storage
• Can be 5 months or less
Hardiness
Notes
‘Brown Tempest’
‘Chesnok Red’
‘Metechi’
‘Persian Star’
Creole Garlic Varieties
‘Burgundy’
‘Creole Red’
• Poor scape production
Turban Garlic (Hardneck)
Flavor
Purple Stripe Garlic Varieties
• Pungent to hot
• Zone 6-9
Turban Garlic Varieties
‘Red Janice’
‘Xian’
• Can be harvested very early
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Asiatic Garlic (Hardneck)
Size
Storage
Flavor
Hardiness
Notes
• 8-12 large cloves per bulb
Storage
Flavor
Hardiness
Notes
• Fiery, sweetens when cooked
Storage
Flavor
• Matures as early as mid-May
• 12-20 small/med cloves
‘Thermidrone’
Rocambole Garlic Varieties
‘California Early’
• 10 months +
• Hot, Less complex than others
‘Inchelium Red’
• Zone 6 +
• Grocery Store Garlic
•Modest cloves/bulbs
‘Susanville’
Rocambole Garlic Varieties
‘Nootka Rose’
•Eight months +
•Hot, pungent
Hardiness •Zone 5-9
Notes
‘Korean Red’
• Zone 7-9
Silverskin Garlic (Softneck)
Size
‘Asian Tempest’
• Short
Artichoke Garlic (Softneck)
Size
Asiatic Garlic Varieties
•Matures late
‘S&H Silverskin’
‘Silverwhite’
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Elephant Garlic (Not Garlic)
Size
Storage
Flavor
• Very large cloves
• Good
Growing Garlic
• Mild, garlic-like
Hardiness • Zone 6-8
Notes
• Produces large flowers
Soil Requirement
Fertility Requirement
High
Organic
Matter
WellDrained
pH 6 - 7
Loose/airy
Clay =
irregular
growth
Prepare for Planting
Heavy feeder
• Requires high Nitrogen, Phosphorous,
and Potassium
• Apply balanced fertilizer pre-planting
High Nitrogen Requirement
• Add extra nitrogen (high-N compost
such as poultry manure)
• Side dress with extra N in spring
(before mid-May)
Planting
Carefully separate cloves
Pointy end up
• Make sure flat plate is attached
• Make sure skin is unbroken
Plant in mid-late October
Select larger cloves
• Small cloves = small plants =
small bulbs
Spacing = 6 inches (12 in
between rows)
•Turban/Asiatic = 4 inches
•Porcelain = 8 inches
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Planting Bulbils
Mulching
Mulch when planting
Bulbils form on mature scapes
Apply 3 inches of mulch
Can be planted in fall
Several options….
Small plant first year
Grows full sized in second year
Garlic Disease Management
• Straw
• Shredded Leaves
• Shredded Paper
• Sawdust
New Garlic Pest
Some fungal diseases can affect
garlic
Do not plant diseased cloves
Rotate crops
Remove diseased plants
Garlic Scapes
Produced by hard neck varieties
Immature bloom stalks
Harvest when they curl
Removing increases bulb size
Tasty, big-flavored vegetable
Garlic Bloat
Nematode
Green Garlic
Harvested early/young plants
Resemble scallions
Light, garlic flavor
Good use for small cloves
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10/19/2013
When to Harvest
How to Harvest
About 20 days after scapes
harvested
Loosen soil under bulbs before
pulling
• Use a digging fork or other tool
When bottom leaves yellow
When all foliage begins to
wither
Bulbs can be damaged or
bruised
Can be eaten immediately,
but curing needed for storage
Storing Garlic
Curing Garlic
Trim off all roots and brush off dirt
Lay out or hang whole plants
Store in mesh or paper bags,
baskets, or terra cotta pots
Use a warm, dry space
After a week, cut off all but 4 inches of neck on
hardneck and elephant garlics
After 2-3 weeks, softneck garlic can be braided
Cure all for four weeks before storage
Store at cool room temperature
Do not refrigerate – will break
dormancy
Where to Buy Garlic
Burpee
Seed Savers
Exchange
Southern
Exposure Seed
Exchange
Territorial Seed
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