Download Charles Giblain - BIONEXX, Madagascar

BIONEXX
Artemisia production – research
into aspects of varietal
developments, growing
techniques and novel methods of
Artemisia production
24-26 November 2008
Waterfall Hotel, Guilin, China
TRIALS UNDERTAKEN
Finalized Trials :
• Optimization of optimal cultivation cycles
• Biomass yield and artemisinin content tests using different cultivation techniques ;
benchmarking « local » Malagasy strain versus Mediplant hybrid
• Biomass field drying trials
• Direct seeding trials
Ongoing Trials :
• Hydric stress tests to improve artemisinin content
• Soil preparation tests (depth and diameter)
• Plant density trials
• Optimization of fertilization
• Compost trials
• mulching cover trials
• Seeding in small paper based pots
DEFINING THE OPTIMAL CULTIVATION CYCLES
January
February
Long Rainy Season
Short Rainy Season
2
April
May
3
3
4
1
2
3
4
June
2
July
3
1
Dry Season
Nursery
Transplanting
Harvesting
Leaf Purchase
March
2
2
August
September
October
1
2
2
3
4
November
December
1
3
3
4
MEDIPLANT vs. Local Strain Trials
• Objective:
Compare the performance of both varieties in
identical settings using various cultivation protocols
• Results:
Biomass yield
Artemisinin
(kg/ha)
Mediplant – Bare seeds – direct seeding
Mediplant – Bare seeds – transplanted
Mediplant – Coated seeds – direct seeding
Mediplant – Coated seeds – transplanted
Local strain – Bare seeds – direct seeding
Local strain– Bare seeds – transplanted
3 393
2 682
3 157
2 317
3 200
2 778
(%)
0,98
1,06
0,98
0,89
0,78
0,81
Æ Biomass yield : local = mediplant; bare seed>coated seed; Direct seeding
higher than transplanted
Æ Artemisinin yield: Mediplant higher by an average 20%
FIELD DRYING TRIALS
• Objective :
Mesure the difference in artemisinin content of dry artemisia annua dry
matter using different field drying techniques
• Results :
Artemisinin
%
Leaves plucked from plants, drying in shade, ventilation
Leaves plucked from plants, sun drying
Plants uprooted with roots, with soil
Plants uprooted withoot roots, without soil
Plants déracinés en fin de cycle (racines abîmées)
Plants coupés sans racines
0,82
0,74
0,72
0,85
0,85
0,90
In process: Flue curing: Rapid drying with hot air
using a solar driven oven in
PLANTATION TECHNIQUE TRIALS : DIRECT SEEDING
• Objective:
Compare direct seeding in rows with and without thinning
• Results:
Biomass yield
Artemisinin
(kg/ha)
(%)
No thinning
Thinning
1968
1746
0,86
0,87
Conclusion : no effect of artemisinin content but 13% higher biomass yield…
and lower labor costs
OBESERVATIONS ON DIRECT SEEDING VS. TRANSPLANT METHOD
•
Direct seeding
allows for a much
stronger tap root
structure
•
With transplants the
root structure is
more hairy will
ildefined bent tap
root.
•
Direct seeded plants
are more resistant to
icing conditions
•
Direct seeding
allows for a faster
development
On-Going Field Trials
A – CULTIVATION TECHNIQUE TRIALS
•
A1- Hydric
stress tests to
improve
artemisinin
content
•
A1-1: Progressive reduction in irrigation at the end
of the cultivation cycle
•
A1-2: Complete irrigation stoppage at the end of
the cycle
•
A1-3: Flooding at the end of the cycle
•
A1-4: Maintain a steady irrigation flow until the
end of the cycle
•
A1-5: Irrigation stoppage at month 4 and re
initiation of irrigation at month 5
A - CULTIVATION TECHNIQUE TRIALS
•
•
A2- Soil
preparation
tests (depth
and diameter)
Depth
(cm)
Diameter
(cm)
A2-1
20
20
A2-2
30
30
A2-3
50
30
Distance inter
row
(cm)
Distance inter
plants
(cm)
A3-1
80
40
A3-2
80
20
A3-3
80
80
A3- Plant
density trials
B- SOIL FERTILIZATION TRIALS
The objective is to find the best
« economic » proposition which optimizes
biomass yield and artemisinin content
13 formulaes tested, regrouped in the
following categories:
•
B1Optimization
of fertilization
- Base« zéro » (no fertilizers)
- Standard: NPK + urea + compost
- compost only in different dosages
- urea + compost + local fertilizer *
- Local fertilizer * + compost
The local fertilizer called « laro » consists of
Incinirated green vegetal material and is
Meant to replace NPK which costs 1,3$ per kg
B- SOIL FERTILIZATION TRIALS
•
B2- Compost
The availability of vegetal material is
a limiting factor for outgrowers
The need is between 15 and 20 MT
of compost per hectare
ÆThe proposed solution is to recycle
Artemisia Annua cultivation
residues
- Fresh stems
- Dry stems
C- MULCHING COVER TRIALS
Mulching is used to preserve soil
humidity especially during the dry
season
•
C1- plantation
with a
mulching
cover
C- Nursery/transplantation trials
Paper based pots are used in nurseries which then facilitates
transplants and the quality of the seedlings
•
C2- Seeding
in small paper
based pots
OUTGROWER NETWORK SUPPORT
- Training
- Supervision
- « Vitrines »
- Field support manuals
TRAINING
• Training of new AA outgrowers (field training)
• Training of the field supervisory team
(3 one week cycles d’une semaine at our dedicated training center)
• 50 training modules (Artemisia Annua and general agricultural techniques)
• Training is both theoretical (classroom) and involves hands on application
• A team of 5 trainers is dedicated to the training effort.
• In the last 2 years, the Malagasy Artemisia Annua Training Center
(MAATC) has graduated more than 200 students.
Outgrower Program Structure
Geographical Zone
Manager
Technician
5 zones in Madagascar
10 technicians
1 visite every 2 weeks
Outgrower relay
72 Outgrower realys
6 individual visits per agricultural campaign
Outgrowers
3 500 producers currently
Cost Structure Implications
Management
In charge of
complete
outgrower
program
Salary of
Staff supervising
outgrowers
(technicians,
outgrower relays..)
Budget for
operations and
training
(Gasoil,…)
32 K$
18 c$ / Kg
500 MT
33 K$
1 500 MT
6 c$ / Kg
2 000 MT
25 K$
90 K$
4,5 c$ / Kg
Challenging cultivation techniques and tracability requirements
dictates :
• An important outgrower oversight team (over 80 persons)
• Continuous training of outgrower
management team and also of selected
individual farmers
• A minimum of 6 visits per agricultural campaign at each outgrower site
• Bionexx determines and dictates
harvesting timing to optimize artemisinin
content