Download wood, trees, shrubs - Health Kinesiology Training Home Page

W OOD, TREES, SHRUBS
A COMPENDIUM
All Health Kinesiology™ materials are Copyrighted © and may not be translated,
reproduced, or copied by any means without written approval from:
Jimmy Scott, Ph.D.
Health Kinesiology
RR3
Hastings, ON K0L 1Y0
Canada
tel:
fax:
email:
705.696.3176
705.696.3664
[email protected]
COPYRIGHT © 1999-2002
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
UPDATED: 15 June 1999
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
WOOD, TREES, AND SHRUBS
A Compendium of Botanical and Demographic Information.
T
his listing was generated by use of several
Dictionary and Thesaurus resources. Primary
among them was the WordNet Thesaurus, which
provided most of the data presented. Also used were the
American Heritage Dictionary, Word Menu, and
Roget’s Thesaurus, the Chapman, Fifth International
Edition. While these last three reference works have been
previously included in your HK Class Manual References
lists, the WordNet thesaurus has not, and is only available
electronically.
You will note that this listing not only provides
considerable data about many hundreds of plants,
including botanical names and demographics, but also is
a source of numerous bits of information about herbs.
There has been no effort to correlate this information with
that of the W OODS list in the Stage 6 Manual. Certainly
most of the items on this list are included on the Stage 6
list, but you may find unique items on either.
Notice how there are headings and sub-headings. The
sub-headings are obviously related directly to the “bigger”
heading above. You will see that there is information
describing the type of plant, its location, its coloration, and
its fruit and / or other parts of the plant that are used. Most
often the Botanical name is given, unlike the more
colloquial Stage 6 list.
This tremendous information is a great reference source
quite aside from its HK uses. Enjoy!
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page i
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page ii
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
FOREST , WOOD , WOODS
– (the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area)
! grove – (a small growth of trees without underbrush)
! old growth, virgin forest – (forest or woodland having a mature or over mature ecosystem more or less uninfluenced by human activity)
! second growth – (a second growth of trees covering an area where the original stand was destroyed by fire or cutting)
SHRUB , BUSH --(a low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches)
! ephedra, joint fir – (jointed and nearly leafless desert shrub having reduced scalelike leaves and reddish fleshy seeds)
! mahuang, Ephedra sinica – (Chinese ephedra yielding ephedrine)
! alpine totara, Podocarpus nivalis – (low wide-spreading coniferous shrub of New Zealand m ountains)
! Chilean rimu, Lepidothamnus fonkii – (about the hardiest Podocarpaceae species; prostrate spreading shrub similar to mountain rimu; mountains of southern Chile)
! mountain rimu, Lepidothamnus laxifolius, Dacridium laxifolius – (low-growing to prostrate shrub with slender trailing branches; New Zealand)
! Tasman dwarf pine, Microstrobos niphophilus – (small shrub or Tasmania having short stiff branches)
! barberry – (any of numerous plants of the genus Berberis having prickly stems and yellow flowers followed by small red berries)
! American barberry, Berberis canadensis – (deciduous shrub of eastern North America whose leaves turn scarlet in autumn and having racemes of yellow flowers followed
by ellipsoid glossy red berries)
! common barberry, European barberry, Berberis vulgaris – (upright deciduous European shrub widely naturalized in United States having clusters of juicy berries)
! Japanese barberry, Berberis thunbergii – (compact deciduous shrub having persistent red berries; widespread in cultivation especially for hedges)
! blue cohosh, blueberry root, papooseroot, papoose root, squawroot, squaw root, Caulophyllum thalictrioides, Caulophyllum thalictroides – (tall herb of eastern North
America and Asia having blue berrylike fruit and a thick knotty rootstock formerly used medicinally)
! Oregon grape, Oregon holly grape, hollygrape, mountain grape, holly-leaves barberry, Mahonia aquifolium – (ornamental evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North
America having dark green pinnate leaves and racemes of yellow flowers followed by blue-black berries)
! Oregon grape, Mahonia nervosa – (small shrub with gray-green leaves and yellow flowers followed by glaucous blue berries)
! allspice – (deciduous shrubs having arom atic bark; eastern China; southwestern and eastern United States)
! Carolina allspice, strawberry shrub, strawberry bush, sweet shrub, Calycanthus floridus – (hardy shrub of southeastern United States having clove-scented wood and
fragrant red-brown flowers)
! spicebush, California allspice, Calycanthus occidentalis – (straggling arom atic shrub of southwestern United States having fragrant brown flowers)
! Japan allspice, Japanese allspice, winter sweet, Chimonanthus praecox – (deciduous Japanese shrub cultivated for its fragrant yellow flowers)
! spicebush, spice bush, American spicebush, Benjamin bush, Lindera benzoin, Benzoin odoriferum – (deciduous shrub of the eastern United States having highly
arom atic leaves and bark and yellow flowers followed by scarlet or yellow berries)
! pepper shrub, Pseudowintera colorata, Wintera colorata – (evergreen shrub or small tree whose foliage is conspicuously blotched with red and yellow and having sm all
black fruits)
! sweet gale, Scotch gale, Myrica gale – (bog shrub of north temperate zone having bitter-tasting fragrant leaves)
! wax myrtle – (any shrub or small tree of the genus Myrica with arom atic foliage and small wax-coated berries)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 1
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! bay myrtle, puckerbush, Myrica cerifera – (evergreen aromatic shrubby tree of southeastern United States having small hard berries thickly coated with white wax
used for candles)
! bayberry, candleberry, swamp candleberry, waxberry, Myrica pensylvanica – (deciduous arom atic shrub of eastern North America with gray-green wax-coated berries)
! sweet fern, Comptonia peregrina, Comptonia asplenifolia – (deciduous shrub of eastern North America with scented fernlike leaves and catkin-like heads of tiny white
flowers)
! corkwood, corkwood tree, Leitneria floridana – (very small deciduous dioecious tree or shrub of damp habitats in southeastern United States having extremely light wood)
! mimosa – (any of various tropical shrubs or trees of the genus Mimosa having usually yellow flowers and com pound leaves)
! sensitive plant, Mimosa sensitiva – (semi-climbing prickly evergreen shrub of tropical America having compound leaves sensitive to light and touch)
! sensitive plant, touch-me-not, shame plant, live-and-die, humble plant, action plant, Mim osa pudica – (prostrate or semi-erect subshrub of tropical America, and
Australia; heavily armed with recurved thorns and having sensitive soft gray-green leaflets that fold and droop at night or when touched or cooled)
! Anadenanthera colubrina, Piptadenia macrocarpa – (Brazilian shrub having twice-pinnate leaves and small spicate flowers followed by flat or irregularly torulose pods;
sometimes placed in genus Piptadenia)
! calliandra – (any of various shrubs and small trees valued for their fine foliage and attractive spreading habit and clustered white to deep pink or red flowers)
! sabicu, Lysiloma sabicu – (West Indian tree yielding la hard dark born wood resembling mahogany in texture and value)
! cat's-claw, catclaw, black bead, Pithecellodium unguis-cati – (erect shrub with small if any spines having racemes of white to yellow flowers followed by curved pointed
pods and black shiny seeds; West Indies and Florida)
! mesquite, mesquit – (any of several small spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Prosopis having small flowers in axillary cylindrical spikes followed by large sugar-rich pods)
! honey mesquite, Western honey mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa – (thorny deep-rooted drought-resistant shrub native to southwestern United States and Mexico
bearing pods rich in sugar and important as livestock feed; tends to form extensive thickets)
! algarroba, Prosopis juliflora, Prosopis juliiflora – (mesquite of Gulf Coast and Caribbean islands from Mexico to Venezuela)
! screw bean, screwbean, tornillo, screwbean mesquite, Prosopis pubescens – (shrub or small tree of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico having spirally
twisted pods)
! winter sweet, poison arrow plant, Acocanthera oblongifolia, Acocanthera spectabilis – (medium-sized shrubby tree of South Africa having thick leathery evergreen leaves
and white or pink flowers and globose usually two-seeded purplish black fruits)
! bushman's poison, ordeal tree, Acocanthera oppositifolia, Acocanthera venenata – (evergreen shrub or tree of South Africa)
! impala lily, mock azalia, desert rose, kudu lily, Adenium obesum, Adenium multiflorum – (South African shrub having a swollen succulent stem and bearing showy
pink and white flowers after the leaves fall; popular as an ornamental in tropics)
! carissa – (a shrub of the genus Carissa having fragrant white flowers and plum-like red to purple-black fruits)
! hedge thorn, natal plum, Carissa bispinosa – (South African shrub having forked spines and plum-like fruit; frequently used as hedging)
! natal plum, amatungulu, Carissa macrocarpa, Carissa grandiflora – (very large closely branched South African shrub having forked bright green spines and shiny
leaves)
! frangipani, frangipanni – (any of various tropical American deciduous shrubs or trees of the genus Plumeria having milky sap and showy fragrant funnel-shaped variously
colored flowers)
! pagoda tree, temple tree, Plumeria acutifolia – (frangipani of India having an erect habit and conical form; grown in temple gardens)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 2
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! West Indian jasmine, pagoda tree, Plumeria alba – (tall sparingly branched conical tree having large fragrant yellow flowers with white centers)
! rauwolfia, rauvolfia – (any shrub or small tree of the genus Rauwolfia having leaves in whorls and cymose flowers; yield substances used m edicinally especially as
emetics or purgatives)
! snakewood, Rauwolfia serpentina – (East Indian climbing shrub with twisted limbs and roots resem bling serpents)
! strophanthus – (any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Strophanthus having whorled leaves and showy flowers of various colors in dense and few-flowered
corymbose clusters; some have poisonous seeds)
! Strophanthus kombe – (source of strophanthin which in moderate doses is a cardiac stimulant but in larger doses a violent poison)
! crape jasmine, crepe jasmine, crepe gardenia, pinwheel flower, East Indian rosebay, Adam's apple, Nero's crown, coffee rose, Tabernaemontana divaricate – (tropical
shrub having glossy foliage and fragrant nocturnal flowers with crimped or wavy corollas; northern India to Thailand)
! yellow oleander, Thevetia peruviana, Thevetia neriifolia – (tropical American shrub or small tree having glossy dark green leaves and fragrant saffron yellow to orange
or peach- colored flowers; all parts highly poisonous)
! American angelica tree, devil's walking stick, Hercules'-club, Aralia spinosa – (small deciduous clump-forming tree or shrub of eastern United States)
! Japanese angelica tree, Aralia elata – (deciduous clump-forming Asian shrub or small tree; adventive in the eastern United States)
! Chinese angelica, Chinese angelica tree, Aralia stipulata – (similar to Am erican angelica tree but less prickly; China)
! umbrella tree, Schefflera actinophylla, Brassaia actinophylla – (erect evergreen shrub or small tree of Australia and northern Guinea having palmately compound leaves)
! saltwort, Batis maritima – (low-growing strong-smelling coastal shrub of warm parts of the New World having unisexual flowers in cone-like spikes and thick succulent
leaves)
! saltbush – (any of various shrubby plants of the genus Atriplex that thrive in dry alkaline soil)
! desert holly, Atriplex hymenelytra – (handsome low saltbush of arid southwestern United States and Mexico having blue-green prickly-edged leaves often used for
Christmas decoration)
! quail bush, quail brush, white thistle, Atriplex lentiformis – (spiny shrub with silvery-scurfy foliage of alkaline plains of southwestern United States and Mexico)
! summer cypress, burning bush, firebush, belvedere, Bassia scoparia, Kochia scoparia – (densely branched Eurasian plant; foliage turns purple-red in autumn)
! winged pigweed, tumbleweed, Cyclolom a atriplicifolium – (bushy annual weed of central North America having greenish flowers and winged seeds)
! saltwort, barilla, glasswort, kali, kelpwort, Salsola kali, Salsola soda – (bushy plant of Old World salt marshes and sea beaches having prickly leaves; burned to produce
a crude soda ash)
! Russian thistle, Russian tumbleweed, Russian cactus, tumbleweed, Salsola kali tenuifolia – (prickly bushy Eurasian plant; a troublesome weed in central and western
United States)
! greasewood, black greasewood, Sarcobatus vermiculatus – (low hardy much-branched spiny shrub common in alkaline soils of western America)
! caper – (any of numerous plants of the genus Capparis)
! native pomegranate, Capparis arborea – (small Australian tree bearing edible pomegranate-like fruit)
! caper tree, Jamaica caper tree, Capparis cynophallophora – (shrub of southern Florida to West Indies)
! caper tree, bay-leaved caper, Capparis flexuosa – (shrub or small tree of southern Florida to Central and South America)
! native orange, Capparis m itchellii – (small Australian tree bearing edible dark purple fruit)
! common caper, Capparis spinosa – (prostrate spiny shrub of the Mediterranean region cultivated for its greenish flower buds which are pickled)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 3
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! buckler mustard, Biscutalla laevigata – (plant of southeastern Europe having yellow flowers like those of mustard and pods with open valves resem bling bucklers)
! bush poppy, tree poppy – (evergreen shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico often cultivated for its fragrant golden yellow flowers)
! silversword, Argyroxiphium sandwicense – (low-growing plant found only in volcanic craters on Hawaii having rosettes of narrow pointed silver-green leaves and clusters
of profuse red-purple flowers on a tall stem)
! artemisia – (any of various composite shrubs or herbs of the genus Artemisia having aromatic green or grayish foliage)
! tarragon, estragon, Artemisia dracunculus – (aromatic perennial of southeastern Russia)
! groundsel tree, groundsel bush, consumption weed, cotton-seed tree, Baccharis halimifolia – (a shrub of salt marshes of eastern and south central North America and
West Indies; fruit is surrounded with white plumelike hairy tufts)
! mule fat, Baccharis viminea – (California shrub with slender leafy shoots that are important browse for mule deer)
! coyote brush, coyote bush, chaparral broom , kidney wort, Baccharis pilularis – (widely spreading evergreen shrub of southwestern United States with flower heads
in a leafy panicle)
! goldenbush – (any of various much-branched yellow-flowered shrubs of the genus Chrysothamnus; western North America)
! rabbit brush, rabbit bush, Chrysothamnus nauseosus – (pleasantly aromatic shrub having erect slender flexible hairy branches and dense clusters of small yellow
flowers covering vast areas of western alkali plains and affording a retreat for jackrabbits; source of a yellow dye used by Navajo Indians)
! hoary golden bush, Hazardia cana – (western American shrubs having white felted foliage and yellow flowers that become red-purple)
! mutisia – (any of various plants of the genus Mutisia)
! daisybush, daisy bush – (any of various mostly Australian attractively shaped shrubs of the genus Olearia grown for their handsome and sometimes fragrant evergreen
foliage and profusion of daisy flowers with white or purple or blue rays)
! muskwood, Olearia argophylla – (musk-scented shrub or tree of southern and southeastern Australia having creamy-yellow flower heads)
! New Zealand daisybush, Olearia haastii – (bushy New Zealand shrub cultivated for its fragrant white flower heads)
! othonna – (a South African plant of the genus Othonna having smooth often fleshy leaves and heads of yellow flowers)
! lavender cotton, Santolina chamaecyparissus – (branching arom atic Mediterranean shrub with woolly stems and leaves and yellow flowers)
! dusty miller, Senecio cineraria, Cineraria maritima – (stiff much-branched perennial of the Mediterranean region having very white woolly stems and leaves; sometimes
placed in genus Cineraria)
! sow thistle, milk thistle – (any of several Old World coarse prickly-leaved shrubs and subshrubs having milky juice and yellow flowers; widely naturalized; often noxious
weeds in cultivated soil)
! milkweed, Sonchus oleraceus – (annual Eurasian sow thistle with soft spiny leaves and rayed yellow flower heads)
! coralberry, spiceberry, Ardisia crenata – (shrub with coral-red berries; Japan to northern India)
! marlberry, Ardisia escallonoides, Ardisia paniculata – (tropical American shrub or small tree with brown wood and dark berries)
! leadwort, Plumbago europaea – (plant with lead-blue flowers)
! bracelet wood, Jacquinia armillaris – (small West Indian shrub or tree with hard glossy seeds patterned yellow and brown that are used to m ake bracelets)
! barbasco, joewood, Jacquinia keyensis – (West Indian shrub or small tree having leathery saponaceous leaves and extremely hard wood)
! mallow – (any of various plants of the family Malvaceae)
! musk mallow, mus rose, Malva moschata – (erect Old World perennial with faintly musk-scented foliage and white or pink flowers; adventive in United States)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 4
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! common mallow, Malva neglecta – (annual Old World plant with clusters of pink or white flowers; naturalized in United States)
! tall mallow, high mallow, cheese, cheeseflower, Malva sylvestris – (erect or decumbent Old World perennial with axillary clusters of rosy-purple flowers; introduced
in United States)
! abelmosk, musk mallow, Abelmoschus moschatus, Hibiscus moschatus – (bushy herb of tropical Asia grown for its yellow or pink to scarlet hibiscus-like blooms)
! velvetleaf, velvetweed, Indian mallow, butter-print, China jute, Abutilon theophrasti – (tall annual herb or subshrub of tropical Asia having velvety leaves and yellow
flowers and yielding a strong fiber; naturalized in southeastern Europe and United States)
! hollyhock – (any of various tall plants of the genus Alcea; native to the Middle East but widely naturalized and cultivated for its very large variously colored flowers)
! rose mallow, Alcea rosea, Althea rosea – (plant with terminal racemes of showy white to pink or purple flowers; the English cottage garden hollyhock)
! althea, althaea, hollyhock – (any of various plants of the genus Althaea; similar to but having smaller flowers than genus Alcea)
! marsh m allow, white mallow, Althea officinalis – (European perennial plant naturalized in United States having triangular ovate leaves and lilac-pink flowers)
! poppy mallow – (a plant of the genus Callirhoe having palmately cleft leaves and white to red or purple flowers borne throughout the summer)
! fringed poppy mallow, Callirhoe digitata – (perennial poppy mallow of United States southern plains states having rose-red or rose-purple flowers)
! purple poppy mallow, Callirhoe involucrata – (hairy perennial of central United States having round deeply-lobed leaves and loose panicles of large crimson-purple
or cherry-red flowers)
! clustered poppy mallow, Callirhoe triangulata – (densely hairy perennial having mostly triangular basal leaves and rose-purple flowers in panicled clusters)
! hibiscus – (any plant of the genus Hibiscus)
! kenaf, kanaf, deccan hemp, bimli, bimli hemp, Indian hemp, Bom bay hem p, Hibiscus cannabinus – (valuable fiber plant of East Indies now widespread in
cultivation)
! Cuban bast, blue mahoe, mahoe, majagua, mahagua, Hibiscus elatus – (erect forest tree of Cuba and Jamaica having variably hairy leaves and orange-yellow or
orange-red flowers; yields a m oderately dense timber for cabinetwork and gunstocks)
! sorrel tree, Hibiscus heterophyllus – (Australian tree with acid foliage)
! rose mallow, swamp mallow, common rose mallow, swamp rose mallow, Hibiscus moscheutos – (showy shrub of salt marshes of the eastern United States having
large rose-colored flowers)
! cotton rose, Confederate rose, Confederate rose mallow, Hibiscus m utabilis – (Chinese shrub or sm all tree having white or pink flowers becoming deep red at night;
widely cultivated; naturalized in southeastern United States)
! China rose, Chinese hibiscus, Rose of China, shoeblack plant, shoe black, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis – (large showy Asiatic shrub or small tree having large single or
double red to deep-red flowers)
! roselle, rozelle, sorrel, red sorrel, Jamaica sorrel, Hibiscus sabdariffa – (East Indian sparsely prickly annual herb or perennial subshrub widely cultivated for its fleshy
calyxes used in tarts and jelly and for its bast fiber)
! rose of Sharon, Hibiscus syriacus – (Asiatic shrub or small shrubby tree having showy bell-shaped rose or purple or white flowers and usually 3-lobed leaves; widely
cultivated in temperate North America and Europe)
! mahoe, majagua, mahagua, balibago, purau, Hibiscus tiliaceus – (shrubby tree widely distributed along tropical shores; yields a light tough wood used for canoe
outriggers and a fiber used for cordage and caulk; often cultivated for ornament)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 5
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! flower-of-an-hour, flowers-of-an-hour, bladder ketmia, black-eyed Susan, Hibiscus trionum – (annual weedy herb with ephemeral yellow purple-eyed flowers; Old
World tropics; naturalized as a weed in North America)
! wild hollyhock, Iliamna remota, Sphaeralcea remota – (a rare mallow found only in Illinois resem bling the common hollyhock and having pale rose-mauve flowers;
sometimes placed in genus Sphaeralcea)
! mountain hollyhock, Iliamna ruvularis, Iliamna acerifolia – (perennial of northwestern United States and western Canada resembling a hollyhock and having white
or pink flowers)
! seashore mallow – (any of various plants of the genus Kosteletzya predom inantly of coastal habitats; grown for their hibiscus-like flowers)
! salt marsh mallow, Kosteletzya virginica – (subshrub of southeastern United States to New York)
! chaparral mallow, Malacothamnus fasciculatus, Sphaeralcea fasciculata – (shrub of coastal ranges of California and Baja California having hairy branches and spikes
of numerous mauve flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sphaeralcea)
! malope, Malope trifida – (western Mediterranean annual having deep purple-red flowers subtended by 3 large cordate bracts)
! false mallow – (an American plant of the genus Malvastrum)
! waxmallow, wax mallow, sleeping hibiscus – (any of various plants of the genus Malvaviscus having brilliant bell-shaped drooping flowers like incompletely opened
hibiscus flowers)
! glade mallow, Napaea dioica – (tall coarse American herb having palmate leaves and numerous small white dioecious flowers; found wild in most alluvial soils of
eastern and central United States)
! Virginia mallow, Sida hermaphrodita – (tall handsome perennial herb of southeastern United States having maple-like leaves and white flowers)
! Queensland hemp, jellyleaf, Sida rhombifolia – (herb widely distributed in tropics and subtropics used for forage and medicinally as a demulcent and having a fine
soft bast stronger than jute; sometimes an aggressive weed)
! Indian mallow, Sida spinosa – (tropical American weed having pale yellow or orange flowers naturalized in southern United States)
! checkerbloom, wild hollyhock, Sidalcea malviflora – (perennial purple-flowered wild mallow of western North America that is also cultivated)
! globe mallow, false mallow – (genus of coarse herbs and subshrubs of arid North and South America having pink or scarlet flowers and globose fruits)
! prairie mallow, red false mallow, Sphaeralcea coccinea, Malvastrum coccineum – (false mallow of western United States having racemose red flowers; sometimes
placed in genus Malvastrum)
! cotton, cotton plant – (erect bushy mallow plant or small tree bearing bolls containing seeds with many long hairy fibers)
! tree cotton, Gossypium arboreum – (East Indian shrub cultivated especially for ornament for its pale yellow to deep purple blossoms)
! sea island cotton, tree cotton, Gossypium barbadense – (small bushy tree grown on islands of the Caribbean and off the southern United States Atlantic coast and
yielding cotton with unusually long silky fibers)
! Levant cotton, Gossypium herbaceum – (Old World annual having heart-shaped leaves and large seeds with short grayish lint removed with difficulty; considered
an ancestor of modern short-staple cottons)
! upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum – (native tropical American plant now cultivated in the United States yielding short-staple cotton)
! Peruvian cotton, Gossypium peruvianum – (cotton with long rough hairy fibers)
! Egyptian cotton – (fine long-stable somewhat brownish cotton grown in Egypt; believed to be derived from sea island cotton or by hybridization with Peruvian cotton)
! wild cotton, Arizona wild cotton, Gossypium thurberi – (shrub of southern Arizona and Mexico)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 6
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! tree mallow, velvetleaf, Lavatera arborea – (arborescent perennial shrub having palmately lobed furry leaves and showy red-purple flowers; southwestern United States)
! pavonia – (any of various evergreen plants of the genus Pavonia having white or yellow or purple flowers)
! bush hibiscus, Radyera farragei, Hibiscus farragei – (southern and western Australian shrub with unlobed or shallowly lobed toothed leaves and purple flowers;
sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus)
! makomako, New Zealand wine berry, wineberry, Aristotelia serrata, Aristotelia racemosa – (graceful deciduous shrub or sm all tree having attractive foliage and sm all
red berries that turn black at maturity and are used for making wine)
! dombeya – (any of various shrubs or sm all trees of the genus Dombeya grown for their rounded clusters of exquisite often sweet-scented flowers usually hanging beneath
the leaves)
! flannelbush, flannel bush, California beauty – (any of several handsome evergreen shrubs of California and northern Mexico having downy lobed leaves and showy
yellow flowers)
! screw tree – (a tree or shrub of the genus Helicteres)
! nut-leaved screw tree, Helicteres isora – (East Indian shrub often cultivated for its hairy leaves and orange-red flowers)
! honey bell, honeybells, Hermannia verticillata, Mahernia verticillata – (African shrub having decumbent stems and slender yellow honey-scented flowers either solitary
or in pairs)
! phalsa, Grewia asiatica – (drought-resistant Asiatic treelike shrub bearing pleasantly acid small red edible fruits commonly used in sherbets)
! African hemp, Sparmannia africana – (large shrub of South Africa having many conspicuously hairy branches with large hairy leaves and clusters of conspicuous white
flowers)
! protea – (any tropical African shrub of the genus Protea having alternate rigid leaves and dense colorful flower heads resem bling cones)
! honeypot, king protea, Protea cynaroides – (South African shrub whose flowers when open are cup- or goblet-shaped resem bling globe artichokes)
! honeyflower, Protea mellifera – (Australian shrub whose flowers yield honey copiously)
! banksia – (any shrub or tree of the genus Banksia having alternate leathery leaves apetalous yellow flowers often in showy heads and cone-like fruit with winged seeds)
! honeysuckle, Australian honeysuckle, coast banksia, Banksia integrifolia – (shrubby tree with silky foliage and spikes of cylindrical yellow nectarous flowers)
! smoke bush – (any of various shrubs of the genus Conospermum with panicles of mostly white woolly flowers)
! Chilean firebush, Chilean flameflower, Embothrium coccineum – (grown for outstanding display of brilliant usually scarlet-crimson flowers; Andes)
! Chilean nut, Chile nut, Chile hazel, Chilean hazelnut, Guevina heterophylla, Guevina avellana – (Chilean shrub bearing coral-red fruit with an edible seed resembling
a hazelnut)
! grevillea – (any shrub or tree of the genus Grevillea)
! silk oak – (any of several Australian timber trees having usually fernlike foliage and mottled wood used in cabinetry and veneering)
! red-flowered silky oak, Grevillea banksii – (tall shrub with cylindrical racemes of red flowers and pinnatifid leaves silky-gray beneath; eastern Australia)
! silver oak, Grevillela parallela – (small slender tree with usually entire gray-green pendulous leaves and white or cream flowers; northern Australia)
! silky oak, Grevillea robusta – (medium to tall fast-growing tree with orange flowers and feathery bipinnate leaves silky-hairy beneath; eastern Australia)
! beefwood, Grevillea striata – (tree yielding hard heavy reddish wood)
! cushion flower, pincushion hakea, Hakea laurina – (tall straggling shrub with large globose crimson-yellow flowers; western Australia)
! needlewood, needle wood, Hakea leucoptera – (large bushy shrub with pungent pointed leaves and creamy white flowers; central and eastern Australia)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 7
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
needlebush, needle bush, Hakea lissosperma – (shrub with pungent rigid needle-shaped leaves and white flowers; eastern Australia)
honeyflower, mountain devil, Lambertia formosa – (erect bushy shrub of eastern Australia having terminal clusters of red flowers yielding much nectar)
lom atia – (any of various ornamental evergreens of the genus Lomatia having attractive fragrant flowers)
geebung – (any of numerous shrubs and small trees having hard narrow leaves and long-lasting yellow or white flowers followed by small edible but insipid fruits)
waratah, Telopea Oreades – (tall shrub of eastern Australia having obolanceolate to obovate leaves and red flowers in compact racemes)
waratah, Telopea speciosissima – (straggling shrub with narrow leaves and conspicuous red flowers in dense globular racemes)
native pear, woody pear, Xylomelum pyriforme – (tree bearing pear-shaped fruit with a thick woody epicarp)
heath – (a low evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae; has small bell-shaped pink or purple flowers)
! erica, true heath – (any plant of the genus Erica)
! tree heath, briar, brier, Erica arborea – (evergreen treelike Mediterranean shrub having fragrant white flowers in large terminal panicles and hard woody roots used
to m ake tobacco pipes)
! winter heath, spring heath, Erica carnea – (dwarf European shrub with very early-blooming bell-shaped red flowers)
! bell heather, heather bell, fine-leaved heath, Erica cinerea – (common low European shrub with purple-red flowers)
! cross-leaved heath, bell heather, Erica tetralix – (dwarf European shrub with rose-colored flowers)
! Cornish heath, Erica vagans – (bushy shrub having pink to white flowers; common on the moors of Cornwall and in southwestern Europe; cultivated elsewhere)
! Spanish heath, Portuguese heath, Erica lusitanica – (erect dense shrub native to western Iberian peninsula having profuse white or pink flowers; naturalized in
southwestern England)
! Prince-of-Wales'-heath, Prince of Wales heath, Erica perspicua – (South African shrub grown for its profusion of white flowers)
! spike heath, Bruckenthalia spiculifolia – (small evergreen mat-forming shrub of southern Europe and Asia Minor having stiff stems and terminal clusters of small
bell-shaped flowers)
! heather, ling, Scots heather, broom, Calluna vulgaris – (common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern
hemisphere)
! white heather, Cassiope mertensiana – (heath of mountains of western United States having bell-shaped white flowers)
! Connemara heath, St. Dabeoc's heath, Daboecia cantabrica – (low straggling evergreen shrub of western Europe represented by several varieties with flowers from
white to rose-purple)
! mountain heath, Phyllodoce caerulea, Bryanthus taxifolius – (small shrub with tiny evergreen leaves and pink or purple flowers; Alpine summits and high ground
in Asia and Europe and United States)
! purple heather, Brewer's mountain heather, Phyllodoce breweri – (semi-prostrate evergreen herb of western United States)
! andromeda – (any of several shrubs of the genus Andromeda having leathery leaves and clusters of small flowers)
! bog rosemary, moorwort, Andromeda glaucophylla – (wiry evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of wet acidic areas in Arctic and Canada
to northeastern United States)
! marsh andromeda, common bog rosemary, Andromeda polifolia – (erect to procumbent evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of
sphagnum peat bogs and other wet acidic areas in northern Europe)
! arbutus – (any of several evergreen shrubs of the genus Arbutus of temperate Europe and America)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 8
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! madrona, madrono, manzanita, Arbutus menziesii – (evergreen tree of Pacific North America having glossy leathery leaves and orange-red edible berries; wood used
for furniture and bark for tanning)
! strawberry tree, Irish strawberry, Arbutus unedo – (small evergreen European shrubby tree bearing many-seeded scarlet berries that are edible but bland; of Ireland,
southern Europe, Asia Minor)
! bearberry – (chiefly evergreen subshrubs of northern to arctic areas)
! common bearberry, red bearberry, wild cranberry, mealberry, hog cranberry, sandberry, mountain box, bear's grape, creashak, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi – (evergreen
mat-forming shrub of North America and northern Eurasia having small white flowers and red berries; leaves turn red in autumn)
! alpine bearberry, black bearberry, Arctostaphylos alpina – (deciduous creeping shrub bright red in autumn having black or blue-black berries; alpine and circumpolar)
! manzanita – (chiefly evergreen shrubs of warm dry areas of western North America)
! heartleaf manzanita, Arctostaphylos andersonii – (erect California shrub having leaves with heart-shaped lobes at the base)
! Parry manzanita, Arctostaphylos manzanita – (erect treelike shrub forming dense thickets and having drooping panicles of white or pink flowers and red berrylike
drupes; California)
! downy manzanita, woolly manzanita, Arctostaphylos tomentosa – (erect openly branched California shrub whose twigs are woolly when young)
! bryanthus – (procumblent Old World m at-forming evergreen shrub with racemes of pinkish-white 4-parted flowers)
! leatherleaf, Chamaedaphne calyculata – (north temperate bog shrub with evergreen leathery leaves and small white cylindrical flowers)
! trailing arbutus, mayflower, Epigaea repens – (low-growing evergreen shrub of eastern North America with leathery leaves and clusters of fragrant pink or white flowers)
! salal, shallon, Gaultheria shallon – (small evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having edible dark purple grape-size berries)
! huckleberry – (any of several shrubs of the genus Gaylussacia bearing small berries resem bling blueberries)
! black huckleberry, Gaylussacia baccata – (low shrub of the eastern United States bearing shiny black edible fruit; best known of the huckleberries)
! dangleberry, Gaylussacia frondosa – (huckleberry of the eastern United States with pink flowers and sweet blue fruit)
! box huckleberry, Gaylussacia brachycera – (creeping evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having small shiny boxlike leaves and flavorless berries)
! kalmia – (any plant of the genus Kalmia)
! mountain laurel, wood laurel, American laurel, calico bush, Kalmia latifolia – (a North American evergreen shrub having glossy leaves and white or rose-colored
flowers)
! swamp laurel, bog laurel, bog kalmia, Kalmia polifolia – (laurel of bogs of northwestern United States having small purple flowers and pale leaves that are glaucous
beneath)
! sheep laurel, pig laurel, lambkill, Kalmia angustifolia – (North American dwarf shrub resem bling mountain laurel but having narrower leaves and small red flowers;
poisonous to young stock)
! Labrador tea, crystal tea, Ledum groenlandicum – (evergreen shrub of eastern North America having white or creamy bell-shaped flowers and dark green hairy leaves
used for tea during American Revolution)
! trapper's tea, glandular Labrador tea – (Rocky Mt. shrub similar to Ledum groenlandicum)
! wild rosemary, marsh tea, Ledum palustre – (bog shrub of northern and central Europe and eastern Siberia to Korea and Japan)
! sand myrtle, Leiophyllum buxifolium – (low-growing evergreen shrub of New Jersey to Florida grown for its many white star-shaped flowers and glossy foliage)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 9
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! leucothoe – (any plant of the genus Leucothoe; grown for their beautiful white flowers; glossy foliage contains a poisonous substance similar to that found in genus
Kalmia)
! dog laurel, dog hobble, switch-ivy, Leucothoe fontanesiana, Leucothoe editorum – (fast-growing evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having arching interlaced
branches and racemes of white flowers)
! sweet bells, Leucothoe racemosa – (bushy deciduous shrub of the eastern United States with long racemes of pinkish flowers)
! alpine azalea, mountain azalea, Loiseleuria procumbens – (creeping mat-forming evergreen shrub of high mountain regions of northern hemisphere grown for its
rose-pink flowers)
! staggerbush, stagger bush, Lyonia mariana – (deciduous shrub of coastal plain of the eastern United States having nodding pinkish-white flowers; poisonous to stock)
! maleberry, male berry, privet andromeda, he-huckleberry, Lyonia ligustrina – (deciduous m uch-branched shrub with dense downy panicles of small bell-shaped white
flowers)
! fetterbush, fetter bush, shiny lyonia, Lyonia lucida – (showy evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with shiny leaves and angled branches and umbel-like clusters
of pink to reddish flowers)
! false azalea, fool's huckleberry, Menziesia ferruginea – (straggling shrub of northwestern North America having foliage with a bluish tinge and um bels of small bell-shaped
flowers)
! minniebush, minnie bush, Menziesia pilosa – (low shrub of the eastern United States with downy twigs)
! andromeda, Japanese andromeda, lily-of-the-valley tree, Pieris japonica – (broad-leaved evergreen Asiatic shrub with glossy leaves and drooping clusters of white
flowers)
! fetterbush, mountain fetterbush, mountain andromeda, Pieris floribunda – (ornamental evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having small white bell-shaped
flowers)
! rhododendron – (any shrub of the genus Rhododendron: evergreen shrubs or small shrubby trees having leathery leaves and showy clusters of campanulate
(bell-shaped) flowers)
! coast rhododendron, Rhododendron californicum – (medium-sized rhododendron of Pacific coast of North America having large rosy brown-spotted flowers)
! rosebay, Rhododendron maxima – (late-spring-blooming rhododendron of eastern North America having rosy to pink-purple flowers)
! swamp azalea, swamp honeysuckle, white honeysuckle, Rhododendron viscosum – (shrub growing in swamps throughout the eastern United States and having sm all
white to pinkish honeysuckle-like flowers)
! azalea – (any of numerous ornamental shrubs grown for their showy flowers of various colors)
! cranberry – (any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries)
! American cranberry, large cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon – (trailing red-fruited plant)
! European cranberry, small cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccus – (small red-fruited trailing cranberry of Arctic and cool regions of the northern hemisphere)
! cowberry, mountain cranberry, lingonberry, lingenberry, lingberry, foxberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea – (low evergreen shrub of high north temperate regions of Europe
and Asia and America bearing red edible berries)
! blueberry, blueberry bush – (any of numerous shrubs of the genus Vaccinium bearing blueberries)
! huckleberry – (any of various dark-fruited as distinguished from blue-fruited blueberries)
! farkleberry, sparkleberry, Vaccinium arboreum – (shrub or small tree of eastern United States having black inedible berries)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 10
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! low-bush blueberry, low blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium pennsylvanicum – (low-growing deciduous shrub of northeastern North America having
flowers in compact racemes and bearing sweet dark blue berries)
! rabbiteye blueberry, rabbit-eye blueberry, rabbiteye, Vaccinium ashei – (shrub of southeastern United States grown commercially especially for canning industry)
! dwarf bilberry, dwarf blueberry, Vaccinium caespitosum – (low-growing tufted deciduous shrub of northern and alpine North America having pink to coral-red flowers
followed by sweet blue berries)
! high-bush blueberry, tall bilberry, swamp blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum – (high-growing deciduous shrub of eastern North America bearing edible blueish to
blackish berries with a distinct bloom; source of most cultivated blueberries)
! evergreen blueberry, Vaccinium myrsinites – (shrub of the eastern United States having shining evergreen leaves and bluish-black fruit)
! evergreen huckleberry, Vaccinium ovatum – (stiff bushy evergreen shrub of western North America having sour black berries and glossy green foliage used in floral
arrangem ents)
! bilberry, thin-leaved bilberry, mountain blue berry, Viccinium membranaceum – (erect blueberry of western United States having solitary flowers and somewhat
sour berries)
! bilberry, whortleberry, whinberry, blaeberry, Viccinium myrtillus – (erect European blueberry having solitary flowers and blue-black berries)
! bog bilberry, bog whortleberry, moorberry, Vaccinium uliginosum alpinum – (an evergreen shrub with leathery leaves)
! dryland blueberry, dryland berry, Vaccinium pallidum – (low deciduous shrub of the eastern United States bearing dark blue sweet berries)
! grouseberry, grous whortleberry, Vaccinium scoparium – (shrub of northwestern North America bearing red berries)
! deerberry, squaw huckleberry, Vaccinium stamineum – (small branching blueberry common in marshy areas of the eastern United States having greenish or yellowish
unpalatable berries reputedly eaten by deer)
! sweet pepperbush, pepper bush, summer sweet, white alder, Clethra alnifolia – (shrub of eastern and southern coastal United States having beautiful racemes of
spice-scented white flowers)
! pyxie, pixie, pixy, Pyxidanthera barbulata – (creeping evergreen shrub having narrow overlapping leaves and early white star-shaped flowers; of pine barrens of NJ
and the Carolinas)
! Australian heath – (any heath-like plant of the family Epacridaceae; most are of the Australian region)
! epacris – (any heath-like evergreen shrub of the genus Epacris grown for their showy and crowded spikes of small bell-shaped or tubular flowers)
! common heath, Epacris impressa – (spindly upright shrub of southern Australia and Tasmania having white to rose or purple-red flowers)
! common heath, blunt-leaf heath, Epacris obtusifolia – (small erect shrub of Australia and Tasmania with fragrant ivory flowers)
! Port Jackson heath, Epacris purpurascens – (small shrub of southern and western Australia having pinkish to rosy purple tubular flowers)
! Australian grass tree, Richea dracophylla – (stout Australian shrub with narrow leaves crowded at ends of branches and term inal clusters of white or pink flowers)
! tree heath, grass tree, Richea pandanifolia – (gaunt Tasmanian evergreen shrubby tree with slender tapering leaves 3 to 5 feet long)
! native cranberry, groundberry, cranberry heath, Astroloma humifusum, Styphelia humifusum – (small prostrate or ascending shrub having scarlet flowers and
thin-fleshed succulent fruit resembling cranberries; sometimes place in genus Styphelia)
! pink fivecorner, Styphelia triflora – (heath-like shrub of southwestern Australia grown for its sharply scented foliage and pink flowers followed by pentagonal fruit)
! dwarf golden chinkapin, Chrysolepis sempervirens – (evergreen shrub similar to golden chinkapin; mountains of California)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 11
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! huckleberry oak, Quercus vaccinifolia – (a low spreading or prostrate shrub of southwestern United States with small acorns and leaves resembling those of the
huckleberry)
! forestiera – (any plant of the genus Forestiera)
! tanglebush, desert olive, Forestiera neomexicana – (spiny branching deciduous shrub of southwestern United States having clusters of insignificant yellow-white
flowers appearing before leaves followed by attractive black berrylike fruits)
! forsythia – (any of various early blooming oleaceous shrubs of the genus Forsythia; native to eastern Asia and southern Europe but widely cultivated for their branches
of bright yellow bell-shaped flowers)
! jasmine – (any of several shrubs and vines of the genus Jasminum chiefly native to Asia)
! primrose jasmine, Jasminum mesnyi – (evergreen rambling yellow-flowered shrub of western China)
! winter jasmine, Jasminum nudiflorum – (deciduous rambling shrub widely cultivated for its winter-blooming yellow flowers)
! common jasmine, true jasmine, jessamine, Jasminum officinale – (tall-climbing deciduous shrub with fragrant white or yellow or red flowers used in perfume and
to flavor tea)
! Arabian jasmine, Jasminum sam bac – (East Indian evergreen vine cultivated for its profuse fragrant white flowers)
! privet – (any of various Old World shrubs having sm ooth entire leaves and terminal panicles of sm all white flowers followed by sm all black berries; many used for
hedges)
! Amur privet, Ligustrum amurense – (eastern Asian shrub cultivated especially for its persistent foliage)
! ibolium privet, ibota privet, Ligustrum ibolium – (fast-growing and tightly branched hybrid of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum obtusifolium)
! Japanese privet, Ligustrum japonicum – (evergreen shrub of Japan and Korea having small dark leaves and flowers in loose panicles; related to but smaller than
Chinese privet)
! Chinese privet, white wax tree, Ligustrum lucidum – (erect evergreen treelike shrub of China and Korea and Japan having acuminate leaves and flowers in long erect
panicles; resembles Japanese privet)
! Ligustrum obtusifolium – (small deciduous shrub having graceful arching branches and luxuriant foliage)
! California privet, Ligustrum ovalifolium – (semi-evergreen Japanese shrub having malodorous flowers; used extensively for hedges because more likely to stay green
that common privet)
! common privet, Ligustrum vulgare – (deciduous semi-evergreen shrub used for hedges)
! mock privet – (evergreen shrub with white flowers and olive-like fruits)
! lilac – (any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers)
! Himalayan lilac, Syringa emodi – (robust upright shrub of mountains of northern India having oblong-elliptic leaves and pale lilac or white malodorous flowers)
! Hungarian lilac, Syringa josikaea, Syringa josikea – (central European upright shrub having elliptic leaves and upright clusters of lilac or deep violet flowers)
! Persian lilac, Syringa persica – (small densely branching Asiatic shrub having lanceolate leaves and panicles of fragrant lilac flowers)
! Japanese tree lilac, Syringa reticulata, Syringa amurensis japonica – (small tree of Japan having narrow pointed leaves and creamy-white flowers)
! Japanese lilac, Syringa villosa – (lilac of northern China having ovate leaves and profuse early summer rose-lilac flowers)
! common lilac, Syringa vulgaris – (large European lilac naturalized in North America having heart-shaped ovate leaves and large panicles of highly fragrant lilac or
white flowers)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 12
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! witch hazel – (any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Hamamelis; bark yields an astringent lotion)
! Virginian witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana – (common shrub of eastern North America having small yellow flowers after the leaves have fallen)
! vernal witch hazel, Hamamelis vernalis – (fragrant shrub of lower Mississippi valley having very small flowers from midwinter to spring)
! winter hazel, flowering hazel – (any of several Asiatic deciduous shrubs cultivated for their nodding racemes of yellow flowers that appear before the leaves)
! fothergilla, witch alder – (any of several deciduous low-growing shrubs of the genus Fothergilla having showy brushlike spikes of white flowers in spring and fiery red
and orange autumn color; Alabama to Allegheny Mts)
! hiccup nut, hiccough nut, Combretum bracteosum – (ornamental red-flowering African shrub or climber)
! oleaster – (any of several shrubs of the genus Elaeagnus having silver-white twigs and yellow flowers followed by olive-like fruits)
! wild olive, Elaeagnus latifolia – (erect shrub or climber of India and China with red olive-like fruit)
! silverberry, silver berry, silverbush, Elaeagnus commutata – (deciduous unarmed North American shrub with silvery leaves and fruits)
! Russian olive, silver berry, Elaeagnus augustifolia – (deciduous shrubby tree of Europe and western Asia having gray leaves and small yellow fruits covered in silvery
scales; sometimes spiny)
! crape myrtle, crepe myrtle, crepe flower, Lagerstroemia indica – (ornamental E. Indian shrub commonly planted in southern United States)
! feijoa, feijoa bush – (South American shrub having edible greenish plum-like fruit)
! fuchsia – (any of various tropical shrubs widely cultivated for their showy drooping purplish or reddish or white flowers; Central and South America and New Zealand
and Tahiti)
! lady's-eardrop, ladies'-eardrop, lady's-eardrops, ladies'-eardrops, Fuchsia coccinea – (erect or climbing shrub of Brazil with deep pink to red flowers)
! konini, tree fuchsia, native fuchsia, Fuchsia excorticata – (erect deciduous shrub or tree to 10 feet with maroon-flushed flowers; New Zealand)
! daphne – (any of several ornamental shrubs with shiny mostly evergreen leaves and clusters of small bell-shaped flowers)
! garland flower, Daphne cneorum – (widely cultivated low evergreen shrub with dense clusters of fragrant pink to deep rose flowers)
! spurge laurel, wood laurel, Daphne laureola – (bushy Eurasian shrub with glossy leathery oblong leaves and yellow-green flowers)
! mezereon, February daphne, Daphne mezereum – (small European deciduous shrub with fragrant lilac-colored flowers followed by red berries on highly toxic twigs)
! leatherwood, moosewood, wicopy, ropebark, Dirca palustris – (deciduous shrub of eastern North America having tough flexible branches and pliable bark and sm all
yellow flowers)
Indian rhododendron, Melastom a malabathricum – (evergreen spreading shrub of India and southeastern Asia having large purple flowers)
Medinilla magnifica – (a beautiful tropical evergreen epiphytic shrub grown for its lush foliage and huge panicles of pink flowers; Philippines)
guinea gold vine, guinea flower – (any of several Australasian evergreen vines widely cultivated in warm regions for their large bright yellow single flowers)
wild cinnamon, white cinnamon tree, Canella winterana, Canella-alba – (large evergreen shrub or sm all tree having white aromatic bark and leathery leaves and sm all
purple to red flowers in terminal cymes)
! rockrose, rock rose – (small shrubs of scrub and dry woodland regions of southern Europe and North Africa; grown for their showy flowers and soft often downy and
aromatic evergreen foliage)
! white-leaved rockrose, Cistus albidus – (compact white pubescent shrub of southwestern Europe having pink flowers)
! common gum cistus, Cistus ladanifer, Cistus ladanum – (shrub having white flowers and viscid stems and leaves yielding a fragrant oleoresin used in perfumes
especially as a fixative)
!
!
!
!
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 13
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! helianthemum, sunrose, sun rose – (any plant of the genus Helianthemum; vigorous plants of stony alpine meadows and dry scrub regions)
! frostweed, frostwort, Helianthemum canadense, Crocanthemum canadensei – (perennial of the eastern United States having early solitary yellow flowers followed
by late petalless flowers; so-called because ice crystals form on it during first frosts)
! rockrose, rock rose – (any of numerous varieties of helianthemums having small roselike yellow or white or reddish flowers)
! rush rose, Helianthemum scoparium – (woody yellow-flowered perennial of southeastern United States)
! governor's plum, governor plum, Madagascar plum, ramontchi, batoko palm, Flacourtia indica – (small shrubby tree of Madagascar cultivated in tropical regions as
a hedge plant and for its deep red acid fruits resem bling small plums)
! kei apple, kei apple bush, Dovyalis caffra – (vigorous South African spiny shrub grown for its round yellow juicy edible fruits)
! wild peach, Kiggelaria africana – (large much-branched shrub grown primarily for its evergreen foliage)
! xylosma, Xylosma congestum – (shrub or small tree grown as an ornamental in mild climates for its neat evergreen foliage and fragrant late flowers; native of China)
! candlewood – (any of several resinous trees or shrubs often burned for light)
! ocotillo, coachwhip, Jacob's staff, vine cactus, Fouquieria splendens – (desert shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico having slender naked spiny branches
that after the rainy season put forth foliage and clusters of red flowers)
! boojum tree, cirio, Fouquieria columnaris, Idria columnaris – (candlewood of Mexico and southwestern California having tall columnar stems and bearing
honey-scented creamy yellow flowers)
! bird's-eye bush, Ochna serrulata – (shrub with narrow-elliptic glossy evergreen leaves and yellow flowers with leathery petaloid sepals)
! tamarisk – (any shrub or small tree of the genus Tamarix having sm all scalelike or needle-shaped leaves and feathery racemes of small white or pinkish flowers; of mostly
coastal areas with saline soil)
! false tamarisk, German tamarisk, Myricaria germanica – (Eurasian shrub resembling the tamarisk)
! cannabis, hemp – (any plant of the genus Cannabis; a coarse bushy annual with palmate leaves and clusters of small green flowers; yields tough fibers and narcotic
drugs)
! marijuana, marihuana, ganja, pot, grass, dope, weed, gage, sess, sens, skunk, Mary-Jane, Cannabis sativa – (a strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a
number of euphoriant and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared)
! Indian hemp, Cannabis indica – (source of e.g. bhang and hashish as well as fiber)
! butcher's broom, Ruscus aculeatus – (shrub with stiff-pointed flattened stems resem bling leaves (cladophylls); used for making brooms)
! ti, Cordyline terminalis – (shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern
Asia, Australia and Hawaii)
! yucca – (any of several evergreen plants of the genus Yucca having usually tall stout stems and a terminal cluster of white flowers; warmer regions of North America)
! Spanish bayonet, Yucca aloifolia – (stiff short-trunked yucca of southern United States and tropical America with rigid spine-tipped leaves and clusters of white flowers)
! Spanish bayonet, Yucca baccata – (tall woody-stemmed yucca of southwestern United States and Mexico having stiff sword-like pointed leaves and a large cluster
of white flowers)
! Joshua tree, Yucca brevifolia – (a large branched arborescent yucca of southwestern United States having short leaves and clustered greenish white flowers)
! Spanish dagger, Yucca carnerosana – (arborescent yucca of southwestern United States and northern Mexico with sword-shaped leaves and white flowers)
! soapweed, soap tree, Yucca elata – (tall arborescent yucca of southwestern United States)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 14
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Adam's needle, Adam's needle-and-thread, spoonleaf yucca, needle palm, Yucca filamentosa – (yucca with long stiff leaves having filament-like appendages)
! bear grass, Yucca glauca – (yucca of west central United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish
flowers)
! Spanish dagger, Yucca gloriosa – (yucca of southeastern United States similar to the Spanish bayonets but with shorter trunk and smoother leaves)
! bear grass, Yucca smalliana – (yucca of southern United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish
flowers)
! Our Lord's candle, Yucca whipplei – (yucca of southwestern United States and Mexico with a tall spike of creamy white flowers)
! butterfly bush, buddleia – (tropical shrub having clusters of white or violet or yellow flowers)
! Mysore thorn, Caesalpinia decapetala, Caesalpinia sepiaria – (spreading thorny shrub of tropical Asia bearing large erect racemes of red-marked yellow flowers)
! butterfly flower, Bauhinia monandra – (shrub or small tree of Dutch Guiana having clusters of pink purple-streaked flowers)
! Jerusalem thorn, horsebean, Parkinsonia aculeata – (large shrub or shrubby tree having sharp spines and pinnate leaves with small deciduous leaflets and sweet-scented
racemose yellow-orange flowers; grown as ornamentals or hedging or emergency food for livestock; tropical America but naturalized in southern United States)
! Dalmatian laburnum, Petteria ramentacea, Cytisus ramentaceus – (erect shrub having large trifoliate leaves and dense clusters of yellow flowers followed by poisonous
seeds; Yugoslavia; sometimes placed in genus Cytisus)
! senna – (any of various plants of the genus Senna having pinnately compound leaves and showy usually yellow flowers; many are used medicinally)
! ringworm bush, ringworm shrub, ringworm cassia, Senna alata, Cassia alata – (tropical shrub (especially of Americas) having yellow flowers and large leaves whose
juice is used as a cure for ringworm and poisonous bites; sometimes placed in genus Cassia)
! avaram, tanner's cassia, Senna auriculata, Cassia auriculata – (evergreen Indian shrub with vivid yellow flowers whose bark is used in tanning; sometimes placed
in genus Cassia)
! Alexandria senna, Alexandrian senna, true senna, tinnevelly senna, Indian senna, Senna alexandrina, Cassia acutifolia, Cassia augustifolia – (erect shrub having
racemes of tawny yellow flowers; the dried leaves are used medicinally as a cathartic; sometimes placed in genus Cassia)
! coffee senna, mogdad coffee, styptic weed, stinking weed, Senna occidentalis, Cassia occidentalis – (very leafy malodorous tropical weedy shrub whose seeds have
been used as an adulterant for coffee; sometimes classified in genus Cassia)
! amorpha – (any plant of the genus Amorpha having odd-pinnate leaves and purplish spicate flowers)
! leadplant, lead plant, Amorpha canescens – (shrub of sandy woodlands and stream banks of western United States having hoary pinnate flowers and dull-colored
racemose flowers; thought to indicate the presence of lead ore)
! false indigo, bastard indigo, Amorpha californica – (erect to spreading hairy shrub of United States Pacific coast having racemes of red to indigo flowers)
! false indigo, bastard indigo, Amorpha fruticosa – (dense shrub of moist riverbanks and flood plains of the eastern United States having attractive fragrant foliage
and dense racemes of dark purple flowers)
! bean trefoil, stinking bean trefoil, Anagyris foetida – (shrub with trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers followed by backward curving seed pods; leaves foetid when crushed)
! Jupiter's beard, silverbush, Anthyllis barba-jovis – (silvery hairy European shrub with evergreen foliage and pale yellow flowers)
! rooibos, Aspalathus linearis, Aspalathus cedcarbergensis – (South African shrub having flat acuminate leaves and yellow flowers; leaves are aromatic when dried and
used to make an herbal tea)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 15
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! pigeon pea, pigeon-pea plant, cajan pea, catjang pea, red gram, dhal, dahl, Cajanus cajan – (tropical woody herb with showy yellow flowers and flat pods; much
cultivated in the tropics)
! pea tree, caragana – (any plant of the genus Caragana having even-pinnate leaves and mostly yellow flowers followed by seeds in a linear pod)
! Siberian pea tree, Caragana arborescens – (large spiny shrub of eastern Asia having clusters of yellow flowers; often cultivated in shelter belts and hedges)
! Chinese pea tree, Caragana sinica – (shrub with dark-green glossy foliage and solitary pale yellow flowers; northern China)
! western redbud, California redbud, Cercis occidentalis – (shrub of western United States having pink or crimson flowers; often forms thickets)
! tagasaste, Chamaecytisus palmensis, Cytesis proliferus – (shrub of Canary Islands having bristle-tipped oblanceolate leaves; used as cattle fodder)
! flame pea – (any of several small shrubs or twining vines having entire or lobed leaves and racemes of yellow to orange-red flowers; Australia)
! glory pea, clianthus – (any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Clianthus having compound leaves and pealike red flowers in drooping racemes)
! desert pea, Sturt pea, Sturt's desert pea, Clianthus formosus, Clianthus speciosus – (sprawling shrubby perennial noted for its scarlet black-marked flowers; widely
distributed in dry parts of Australia)
! parrot's beak, parrot's bill, Clianthus puniceus – (evergreen shrub with scarlet to white claw- or beak-like flowers; New Zealand)
! telegraph plant, semaphore plant, Codariocalyx motorius, Desm odium motorium, Desmodium gyrans – (erect tropical Asian shrub whose sm all lateral leaflets rotate
on their axes and jerk up and down under the influence of sunshine)
! bladder senna, Colutea arborescens – (yellow-flowered European shrub cultivated for its succession of yellow flowers and very inflated bladdery pods and as a source
of wildlife food)
! coronilla – (any of various plants of the genus Coronilla having purple or pink or yellow flowers in long-spiked axillary heads or umbels)
! axseed, crown vetch, Coronilla varia – (European vetch-like herb naturalized in the eastern United States having umbels of pink-and-white flowers and sharp-angled
pods)
! broom – (any of various shrubs of the genera Cytisus or Genista or Spartium having long slender branches and racemes of yellow flowers)
! weeping tree broom – (small shrubby tree of New Zealand having weeping branches and racemes of white to violet flowers followed by woolly indehiscent 2-seeded
pods)
! white broom, white Spanish broom, Cytisus albus, Cytisus multiflorus – (low European broom having trifoliate leaves and yellowish-white flowers)
! common broom, Scotch broom, green broom, Cytisus scoparius – (deciduous erect spreading broom native to western Europe; widely cultivated for its rich yellow
flowers)
! broom tree, needle furze, petty whin, Genista anglica – (prickly yellow-flowered shrub of the moors of New England and Europe)
! Spanish broom, Spanish gorse, Genista hispanica – (erect shrub of southwestern Europe having racemes of golden yellow flowers)
! woodwaxen, dyer's greenweed, dyer's-broom, dyeweed, greenweed, whin, woadwaxen, Genista tinctoria – (small Eurasian shrub having clusters of yellow flowers
that yield a dye; common as weed in England and United States; sometimes grown as an ornamental)
! Spanish broom, weaver's broom, Spartium junceum – (tall thornless shrub having pale yellow flowers and flexible rush-like twigs used in basketry; of southwestern
Europe and Mediterranean; naturalized in California)
! smoke tree, Dalea spinosa – (grayish-green shrub of desert regions of southwestern United States and Mexico having sparse foliage and terminal spikes of bluish violet
flowers; locally important as source of a light-colored honey of excellent flavor)
! bitter pea – (any of several spiny shrubs of the genus Daviesia having yellow flowers and triangular seeds; Australia)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 16
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! derris – (any of various usually woody vines of the genus Derris of tropical Asia whose roots yield the insecticide rotenone; several are sources of native fish and arrow
poisons)
! poison bush, poison pea, gastrolobium – (any of various Australian evergreen shrubs of the genus Gastrolobium having whorled compound leaves poisonous to livestock
and showy yellow to deep reddish-orange flowers followed by two-seeded pods)
! chanar, chanal, Geoffroea decorticans – (thorny shrub or small tree common in central Argentina having small orange or yellow flowers followed by edible berries)
! salt tree, Halim odendron halodendron, Halimodendron argenteum – (spiny shrub of the Caspian salt plains and Siberia having elegant silvery-downy young foliage
and m ildly fragrant pink-purple blooms)
! hovea, purple pea – (any of several attractive evergreen shrubs of Australia grown for their glossy deep green holly-like foliage and flowers in rich blues and intense
violets)
! indigo, indigo plant, Indigofera tinctoria – (deciduous subshrub of southeastern Asia having pinnate leaves and clusters of red or purple flowers; a source of indigo dye)
! anil, Indigofera suffruticosa, Indigofera anil – (shrub of West Indies and South America that is a source of indigo dye)
! tree lupine, Lupinus arboreus – (evergreen shrub of United States Pacific coast having showy yellow or blue flowers; naturalized in Australia)
! mucuna – (any of several erect or climbing woody plants of the genus Mucuna; widespread in tropics of both hemispheres)
! cowage, velvet bean, Bengal bean, Benghal bean, Florida bean, Mucuna pruriens utilis, Mucuna deeringiana, Mucuna aterrima, Stizolobium deeringiana – (annual
semi-woody vine of Asia having long clusters of purplish flowers and densely hairy pods; cultivated in southern United States for green manure and grazing)
! chaparral pea, stingaree-bush, Pickeringia montana – (spiny evergreen xerophytic shrub having showy rose-purple flowers and forming dense thickets; of dry rocky
mountain slopes of California)
! flat pea, Platylobium formosum – (evergreen shrub having almost heart-shaped foliage and bright yellow pealike flowers followed by flat pods with flat wings; Australia
and Tasmania)
! common flat pea, native holly, Playlobium obtusangulum – (low spreading evergreen shrub of southern Australia having triangular to somewhat heart-shaped foliage
and orange-yellow flowers followed by flat winged pods)
! retem, raetam, juniper bush, juniper, Retama raetam, Genista raetam – (desert shrub of Syria and Arabia having sm all white flowers; constitutes the juniper of the Old
Testament; sometimes placed in genus Genista)
! bristly locust, rose acacia, moss locust, Robinia hispida – (large shrub or small tree of the eastern United States having bristly stems and large clusters of pink flowers)
! coral bush, flame bush, Templetonia retusa – (Australian shrub having simple obovate leaves and brilliant scarlet flowers)
! gorse, furze, whin, Irish gorse, Ulex europaeus – (very spiny and dense evergreen shrub with fragrant golden-yellow flowers; common throughout western Europe)
! swamp oak, Viminaria juncea, Viminaria denudata – (Australian leafless shrub resem bling broom and having small yellow flowers)
! rose – (any of many plants of the genus Rosa)
! mountain rose, Rosa pendulina – (European alpine rose with crimson flowers)
! ground rose, Rosa spithamaea – (low-growing bristly shrub of southern Oregon and California with creeping rootstocks and usually corymbose flowers)
! banksia rose, Rosa banksia – (Chinese evergreen climbing rose with yellow or white single flowers)
! dog rose, Rosa canina – (prickly wild rose with delicate pink or white scentless flowers; native to Europe)
! China rose, Bengal rose, Rosa chinensis – (shrubby Chinese rose; ancestor of many cultivated garden roses)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 17
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! dam ask rose, summer dam ask rose, Rosa damascena – (large hardy very fragrant pink rose; cultivated in Asia Minor as source of attar of roses; parent of many
hybrids)
! sweetbrier, sweetbriar, brier, briar, eglantine, Rosa eglanteria – (Eurasian rose with prickly stems and fragrant leaves and bright pink flowers followed by scarlet hips)
! Cherokee rose, Rosa laevigata – (Chinese climbing rose with fragrant white blossoms)
! multiflora, multiflora rose, Japanese rose, baby rose, Rosa multiflora – (vigorously growing rose having clusters of numerous small flowers; used for hedges and as
grafting stock)
! musk rose, Rosa moschata – (rose native to Mediterranean region having curved or climbing branches and loose clusters of musky-scented flowers)
! tea rose, Rosa odorata – (any of several hybrid bush roses derived from a tea-scented Chinese rose with pink or yellow flowers)
! Juneberry, serviceberry, service tree, shadbush, shadblow – (any of various North American trees or shrubs having showy white flowers and edible blue-black or purplish
fruit)
! alderleaf Juneberry, alder-leaved serviceberry, Amelanchier alnifolia – (shrub or small tree of northwestern North America having fragrant creamy white flowers and
small waxy purple-red fruits)
! Bartram Juneberry, Amelanchier bartramiana – (open-growing shrub of eastern North America having pure white flowers and small waxy almost black fruits)
! flowering quince – (Asiatic ornamental shrub with spiny branches and pink or red blossoms)
! japonica, maule's quince, Chaenom eles japonica – (deciduous thorny shrub native to Japan having red blossoms)
! Japanese quince, Chaenom eles speciosa – (deciduous thorny shrub native to China having red or white blossoms)
! cotoneaster – (any shrub of the genus Cotoneaster: erect or creeping shrubs having richly colored autumn foliage and many sm all white to pinkish flowers followed
by tiny red or black fruits)
! Cotoneaster dammeri – (climbing evergreen shrub with white flowers and red berries; often used as ground cover)
! Cotoneaster horizontalis – (deciduous flat-growing shrub with a fanned herringbone pattern and having reddish flowers and orange-red berries; used as a ground
cover)
! hawthorn, haw – (a spring-flowering shrub or small tree of the genus Crataegus)
! parsley haw, parsley-leaved thorn, Crataegus apiifolia, Crataegus marshallii – (southern United States hawthorn with pinnately lobed leaves)
! scarlet haw, Crataegus biltmoreana – (common shrub or small tree of the eastern United States having few thorns and white flowers in corymbs followed by bright
orange-red berries)
! blackthorn, pear haw, pear hawthorn, Crataegus calpodendron, Crataegus tomentosa – (erect and almost thornless American hawthorn with somewhat pear-shaped
berries)
! cockspur thorn, cockspur hawthorn, Crataegus crus-galli – (eastern United States hawthorn with long straight thorns)
! mayhaw, sum mer haw, Crataegus aestivalis – (hawthorn of southern United States bearing juicy acid scarlet fruit often used in jellies or preserves)
! whitethorn, English hawthorn, may, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus oxycantha – (thorny Eurasian shrub of small tree having dense clusters of white to scarlet flowers
followed by deep red berries; established as an escape in eastern North America)
! English hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna – (European hawthorn having deeply cleft leaves and bright red fruits; widely cultivated in many varieties and often grown
as impenetrable hedges; established as an escape in eastern North America)
! red haw, downy haw, Crataegus mollis, Crataegus coccinea mollis – (American red-fruited hawthorn with stems and leaves densely covered with short woolly hairs)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 18
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! evergreen thorn, Crataegus oxyacantha – (evergreen hawthorn of southeastern Europe)
! red haw, Crataegus pedicellata, Crataegus coccinea – (American red-fruited hawthorn with dense corymbs of pink-red flowers)
! toyon, tollon, Christmasberry, Christmas berry, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Photinia arbutifolia – (ornamental evergreen treelike shrub of United States Pacific coast having
large white flowers and red berrylike fruits; often placed in genus Photinia)
! cinquefoil, five-finger – (any of a numerous plants grown for their 5-petal flowers; abundant in temperate regions; alleged to have m edicinal properties)
! silverweed, goose-tansy, goose grass, Potentilla anserina – (low-growing perennial having leaves silvery beneath; northern United States; Europe; Asia)
! cherry laurel, laurel cherry, Prunus laurocerasus – (frequently cultivated Eurasian evergreen shrub or small tree having showy clusters of white flowers and glossy foliage
and yielding oil similar to bitter almond oil)
! sand cherry, Prunus pumila, Prunus pumilla susquehanae, Prunus susquehanae, Prunus cuneata – (small straggling American cherry growing on sandy soil and having
minute scarcely edible purplish-black fruit)
! blackthorn, sloe, Prunus spinosa – (a thorny Eurasian bush with plum-like fruits)
! Pyracantha, pyracanth, fire thorn, firethorn – (any of various thorny shrubs of the genus Pyracantha bearing small white flowers followed by hard red or orange-red
berries)
! spirea, spiraea – (any rosaceous plant of the genus Spiraea; has sprays of small white or pink flowers)
! bridal wreath, bridal wreath, Saint Peter's wreath, St. Peter's wreath, Spiraea prunifolia – (shrub having copious small white flowers in spring)
! blolly, West Indian snowberry, Chiococca alba – (evergreen climbing shrub of southern Florida and West Indies grown for its racemes of fragrant white to creamy flowers
followed by globose white succulent berries)
! gardenia – (any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Gardenia having large fragrant white or yellow flowers)
! cape jasmine, cape jessamine, Gardenia jasminoides, Gardenia augusta – (evergreen shrub widely cultivated for its large fragrant waxlike white flowers and glossy
leaves)
! hamelia – (any of several free-flowering tropical or subtropical shrubs of the genus Hamelia)
! scarlet bush, scarlet hamelia, coloradillo, Hamelia patens, Hamelia erecta – (handsome shrub with showy orange to scarlet or crimson flowers; Florida and West
Indies to Mexico and Brazil)
! fever tree, Georgia bark, bitter-bark, Pinckneya pubens – (ornamental shrub or small tree of swampy areas in southwestern United States having large pink or white
sepals and yielding Georgia bark for treating fever)
! negro peach, Sarcocephalus latifolius, Sarcocephalus esculentus – (stout spreading or semi-climbing tropical shrub with round brownish-red warty fruit; Africa)
! abelia – (any of various deciduous or evergreen ornamental shrubs of the genus Abelia having opposite simple leaves and cymes of small white or pink or purplish
Flowers; Asia and Mexico)
! bush honeysuckle, Diervilla lonicera – (spreading bush of northeastern United States having small clusters of fragrant green-yellow flowers)
! bush honeysuckle, Diervilla sessilifolia – (bush honeysuckle of southeastern United States having large crowded clusters of sulfur-yellow flowers)
! beauty bush, Kolkwitzia amabilis – (Chinese deciduous shrub with yellow-throated pinkish flowers and bristly fruit; often cultivated as an ornamental)
! Himalaya honeysuckle, Leycesteria formosa – (shrub honeysuckle with drooping spikes of purplish flowers)
! honeysuckle – (shrub or vine of the genus Lonicera)
! white honeysuckle, Lonicera albiflora – (bushy honeysuckle with twining branches and white or yellow-white flowers; southern United States)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 19
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! American fly honeysuckle, fly honeysuckle, Lonicera canadensis – (erect deciduous North American shrub with red-tinged yellow-white flowers)
! swam p fly honeysuckle – (a variety of fly honeysuckle)
! Italian honeysuckle, Italian woodbine, Lonicera caprifolium – (deciduous climbing shrub with fragrant yellow-white flowers in axillary whorls)
! yellow honeysuckle, Lonicera dioica – (twining deciduous shrub with clusters of purple-tinged yellow-green flowers; northeastern America)
! yellow honeysuckle, Lonicera flava – (climbing deciduous shrub with fragrant yellow (later orange) flowers in terminal whorls; southeastern United States)
! hairy honeysuckle, Lonicera hirsuta – (twining deciduous shrub with hairy leaves and spikes of yellow-orange flowers; northeastern America)
! twinberry, Lonicera involucrata – (shrubby honeysuckle with purple flowers; western North America)
! Japanese honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica – (an Asiatic trailing evergreen honeysuckle with half-evergreen leaves and fragrant white flowers turning yellow with age;
has becom e a weed in some areas)
! Hall's honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica halliana – (a variety of Japanese honeysuckle that grows like a vine; established as an aggressive escape in southeastern United
States)
! Morrow's honeysuckle, Lonicera morrowii – (a gray deciduous honeysuckle shrub paired white flowers turning yellow; Japan)
! woodbine, Lonicera periclymenum – (European twining honeysuckle with fragrant red and yellow-white flowers)
! trumpet honeysuckle, coral honeysuckle, trumpet flower, trumpet vine, Lonicera sempervirens – (evergreen North American honeysuckle vine having coral-red or
orange flowers)
! bush honeysuckle, Tartarian honeysuckle, Lonicera tatarica – (a honeysuckle shrub of southern Russia to central Asia)
! European fly honeysuckle, European honeysuckle, Lonicera xylosteum – (cultivated Eurasian shrub with twin yellowish-white flowers and scarlet fruit)
! coralberry, Indian currant, Symphoricarpos orbiculatus – (North American deciduous shrub cultivated for it abundant clusters of coral-red berrylike fruits)
! elder, elderberry bush – (any of numerous shrubs or small trees of temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere having white flowers and berrylike fruit)
! American elder, black elderberry, sweet elder, Sambucus canadensis – (common elder of central and eastern North America bearing purple-black berries; fruit used
in wines and jellies)
! blue elder, blue elderberry, Sambucus caerulea – (shrub or small tree of western United States having white flowers and blue berries; fruit used in wines and jellies)
! dwarf elder, danewort, Sambucus ebulus – (dwarf herbaceous elder of Europe having pink flowers and a nauseous odor)
! bourtree, black elder, common elder, elderberry, European elder, Sambucus nigra – (common black-fruited shrub or small tree of Europe and Asia; fruit used for
wines and jellies)
! American red elder, red-berried elder, stinking elder, Sambucus pubens – (common North American shrub or small tree)
! European red elder, red-berried elder, Sambucus racemosa – (Eurasian shrub)
! cranberry bush, cranberry tree, American cranberry bush, highbush cranberry, Viburnum trilobum – (deciduous North American shrub or small tree having three-lobed
leaves and red berries)
! wayfaring tree, twistwood, Viburnum lantana – (vigorous deciduous European treelike shrub common along waysides; red berries turn black)
! guelder rose, European cranberry bush, European cranberry bush, crampbark, cranberry tree, Viburnum opulus – (deciduous thicket-forming Old World shrub with
clusters of white flowers and small bright red berries)
! arrow wood, southern arrow wood, Viburnum dentatum – (deciduous shrub of eastern North America having blue-black berries and tough pliant wood formerly used
to m ake arrows)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 20
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
!
!
!
!
!
!
arrow wood, Viburnum recognitum – (closely related to southern arrow wood; the eastern United States Maine to Ohio and Georgia)
black haw, Viburnum prunifolium – (upright deciduous shrub having frosted dark-blue fruit; east and east central North America)
weigela, Weigela florida – (deciduous shrub widely cultivated for its white or pink or red flowers)
Erythroxylon coca, coca – (a South American shrub whose leaves are chewed by natives of the Andes; a source of cocaine)
Erythroxylon truxiuense – (a South American shrub whose leaves are a source of cocaine)
bean caper, Syrian bean caper, Zygophyllum fabago – (perennial shrub of the eastern Mediterranean region and southwestern Asia having flowers whose buds are
used as capers)
! creosote bush, coville, hediondilla, Larrea tridentata – (desert shrub of southwestern United States and New Mexico having persistent resinous aromatic foliage and
small yellow flowers)
! box, boxwood – (evergreen shrubs or small trees)
! common box, European box, Buxus sempervirens – (large slow-growing multi-stemmed evergreen shrub or small tree; extensively used for hedges or borders and
topiary figures)
! staff tree – (any small tree or twining shrub of the genus Celastrus)
! spindle tree, spindleberry, spindleberry tree – (any shrubby trees or woody vines of the genus Euonymus having showy usually reddish berries)
! common spindle tree, Euonymus europaeus – (small erect deciduous shrub having tough white wood and cathartic bark and fruit)
! winged spindle tree, Euonymous alatus – (bushy deciduous shrub with branches having thin wide corky longitudinal wings; brilliant red in autumn; northeastern
Asia to central China)
! wahoo, burning bush, Euonymus atropurpureus – (deciduous shrub having purple capsules enclosing scarlet seeds)
! strawberry bush, wahoo, Euonymus am ericanus – (upright deciduous plant with crimson pods and seeds; the eastern United States from New York to Florida and Texas)
! cyrilla, leatherwood, white titi, Cyrilla racemiflora – (shrub or sm all tree of southeastern United States to West Indies and Brazil; grown for the slender racemes of white
flowers and orange-crimson foliage)
! crowberry – (a low evergreen shrub with sm all purple flowers and black berrylike fruit)
! Chinese holly, Ilex cornuta – (dense rounded evergreen shrub of China having spiny leaves; widely cultivated as an ornamental)
! smoke tree, smoke bush – (any of several shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Cotinus)
! American smokewood, chittamwood, Cotinus americanus, Cotinus obovatus – (shrubby tree of southern United States having large plumes of feathery flowers
resembling puffs of smoke)
! Venetian sumac, wig tree, Cotinus coggygria – (Old World shrub having large plumes of yellowish feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke)
! laurel sumac, Malosma laurina, Rhus laurina – (small aromatic evergreen shrub of California having paniculate leaves and whitish berries; in some classifications included
in genus Rhus)
! sumac, sumach, shumac – (a shrub or tree of the genus Rhus (usually limited to the non-poisonous m embers of the genus))
! fragrant sumac, lemon sumac, Rhus aromatica – (sweet-scented sumac of eastern America having ternate leaves and yellowish-green flowers in spikes resembling
catkins followed by red hairy fruits)
! sm ooth sumac, scarlet sumac, vinegar tree, Rhus glabra – (common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with waxy compound leaves and green paniculate
flowers followed by red berries)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 21
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! dwarf sumac, mountain sumac, black sumac, shining sumac, Rhus copallina – (common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with compound leaves and
green paniculate flowers followed by red berries)
! sugar-bush, sugar sum ac, Rhus ovata – (evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with spikes of reddish-yellow flowers and glandular hairy fruits)
! staghorn sumac, velvet sumac, Virginian sumac, vinegar tree, Rhus typhina – (deciduous shrubby tree or eastern North America with compound leaves that turn
brilliant red in fall and dense panicles of greenish yellow flowers followed by crimson acidic berries)
! squawbush, skunkbush, Rhus trilobata – (deciduous shrub of California with unpleasantly scented usually trifoliata leaves and edible fruit)
! buckthorn – (any shrub or small tree of the genus Bumelia)
! southern buckthorn, shittimwood, shittim, mock orange, Bumelia lycioides – (shrubby thorny deciduous tree of southeastern United States with white flowers and
small black drupaceous fruit)
! false buckthorn, chittamwood, chittimwood, shittimwood, black haw, Bumelia lanuginosa – (deciduous tree of southeastern United States and Mexico)
! styrax – (any shrub or small tree of the genus Styrax having fragrant bell-shaped flowers that hang below the dark green foliage)
! snowbell, Styrax obassia – (small tree native to Japan)
! Japanese snowbell, Styrax japonicum – (shrubby tree of China and Japan)
! Texas snowbell, Texas snowbells, Styrax texana – (styrax of southwestern United States; a threatened species)
! hydrangea – (any of various deciduous or evergreen shrubs of the genus Hydrangea)
! climbing hydrangea, Hydrangea anom ala – (deciduous climber with aerial roots having white to creamy flowers in fairly flat heads)
! wild hydrangea, Hydrangea arborescens – (deciduous shrub with creamy white flower clusters; eastern United States)
! hortensia, Hydrangea macrophylla hortensis – (deciduous shrub bearing round-headed flower clusters opening green and aging to pink or blue)
! fall-blooming hydrangea, Hydrangea paniculata – (deciduous shrub or small tree with pyramidal flower clusters)
! climbing hydrangea, Hydrangea petiolaris – (deciduous climber with aerial roots having large flat flower heads)
! carpenteria, Carpenteria californica – (California evergreen shrub having glossy opposite leaves and term inal clusters of a few fragrant white flowers)
! decumary, Decumaria barbata, Decumaria barbara – (woody climber of southeastern United States having white flowers in compound term inal clusters)
! deutzia – (any of various shrubs of the genus Deutzia having usually toothed opposite leaves and shredding bark and white or pink flowers in loose terminal clusters)
! philadelphus – (any of various chiefly deciduous ornamental shrubs of the genus Philadelphus having white sweet-scented flowers, single or in clusters; widely grown
in temperate regions)
! mock orange, syringa, Philadelphus coronarius – (large hardy shrub with showy and strongly fragrant creamy-white flowers in short terminal racemes)
! climbing hydrangea, Schizophragma hydrangeoides – (climbing shrub with adhesive aerial roots having opposite leaves and sm all white flowers in terminal cymes;
Himalaya to Taiwan and Japan)
! bridal wreath, Francoa ramosa – (Chilean evergreen shrub having delicate spikes of small white flowers)
! currant, currant bush – (any of various deciduous shrubs of the genus Ribes bearing currants)
! red currant, garden current, Ribes rubrum – (cultivated European current bearing small edible red berries)
! black currant, European black currant, Ribes nigrum – (widely cultivated current bearing edible black arom atic berries)
! white currant, Ribes sativum – (garden currant bearing small white berries)
! winter currant, Ribes sanguineum – (a flowering shrub)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 22
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! gooseberry, gooseberry bush, Ribes uva-crispa, Ribes grossularia – (spiny Eurasian shrub having greenish purple-tinged flowers and ovoid yellow-green or red-purple
berries)
! caricature plant, Graptophyllum pictum – (tropical Old World shrub having purple or red tubular flowers and leaf markings resembling the profile of a human face)
! desert willow, Chilopsis linearis – (evergreen shrubby tree resembling a willow of dry regions of southwestern North America having showy purplish flowers and long
seed pods)
! columnea – (tropical plant having thick hairy somewhat toothed leaves and solitary or clustered yellow to scarlet flowers; many cultivated for their flowers and
ornamental foliage)
! yerba santa, Eriodictyon californicum – (viscid evergreen shrub of western United States with white to Deep lilac flowers; the sticky aromatic leaves are used in treating
bronchial and pulmonary illnesses)
! Apalachicola rosemary, Conradina glabra – (small shrub of Apalachicola River area in southeastern United States having highly aromatic pinkish flowers; a threatened
species)
! lavender – (any of various Old World aromatic shrubs or subshrubs with usually mauve or blue flowers; widely cultivated)
! English lavender, Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula officinalis – (aromatic Mediterranean shrub widely cultivated for its lilac flowers which are dried and used in
sachets)
! French lavender, Lavandula stoechas – (shrubby grayish lavender of southwestern Europe having usually reddish-purple flowers)
! spike lavender, French lavender, Lavandula latifolia – (Mediterranean plant with pale purple flowers that yields spike lavender oil)
! pitcher sage, Lepechinia calycina, Sphacele calycina – (California plant with woolly stems and leaves and large white flowers)
! patchouli, patchouly, pachouli, Pogostemon cablin – (small East Indian shrubby m int; fragrant oil from its leaves is used in perfumes)
! red shrubby penstemon, redwood penstemon – (low branching dark green shrub with bunches of brick-red flowers at ends of branches; coastal ranges and foothills
of northern California)
! naranjilla, Solanum quitoense – (small perennial shrub cultivated in uplands of South America for its edible bright orange fruits resem bling tom atoes or oranges)
! potato tree, Brazilian potato tree, Solanum wrightii, Solanum macranthum – (South American shrub or small tree widely cultivated in the tropics; not a true potato)
! lady-of-the-night, Brunfelsia americana – (West Indian shrub with fragrant showy yellowish-white flowers)
! angel's trumpet, maikoa, Brugmansia arborea, Datura arborea – (South American plant cultivated for its large fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers)
! angel's trumpet, Brugmansia suaveolens, Datura suaveolens – (South American plant cultivated for its very large nocturnally fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers)
! red angel's trumpet, Brugmansia sanguinea, Datura sanguinea – (arborescent South American shrub having very large orange-red flowers)
! capsicum, pepper, capsicum pepper plant – (any of various tropical plants of the genus Capsicum bearing peppers)
! cone pepper, Capsicum annuum conoides – (plant bearing erect pungent conical red or yellow or purple fruits; sometimes grown as an ornamental)
! cayenne, cayenne pepper, chili pepper, chilli pepper, long pepper, jalapeno, Capsicum annuum longum – (plant bearing very hot and finely tapering long peppers;
usually red)
! sweet pepper, bell pepper, pimento, pimiento, paprika, sweet pepper plant, Capsicum annuum grossum – (plant bearing large mild thick-walled usually bell-shaped
fruits; the principal salad peppers)
! sweet pepper – (mild bell-shaped fruit of a sweet pepper plant; usually green and red but now available in orange and yellow and purple and black and white)
! cherry pepper, Capsicum annuum cerasiforme – (plant bearing small rounded usually pungent fruits)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 23
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! bird pepper, Capsicum frutescens baccatum, Capsicum baccatum – (plant bearing very small and very hot oblong red fruits; includes wild forms native to tropical
America; thought to be ancestral to the sweet pepper and m any hot peppers)
! tabasco pepper, hot pepper, tabasco plant, Capsicum frutescens – (plant bearing very hot medium-sized oblong red peppers; grown principally in the Gulf Coast
states for production of hot sauce)
! day jessamine, Cestrum diurnum – (West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped white flowers that are fragrant by day)
! night jasm ine, night jessamine, Cestrum nocturnum – (West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped yellow-white flowers that are fragrant by night)
! tree tomato, tamarillo – (South American arborescent shrub having pale pink blossoms followed by egg-shaped reddish-brown edible fruit somewhat resembling a
tomato in flavor)
! thorn apple – (any of several plants of the genus Datura)
! jimsonweed, jimson weed, jimpsonweed, Jamestown weed, common thorn apple, apple of Peru, Datura stramonium – (intensely poisonous tall coarse annual tropical
weed having rank-smelling foliage, large white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly fruits)
! pichi, Fabiana imbricata – (Peruvian shrub with small pink to lavender tubular flowers; leaves yield a tonic and diuretic)
! matrimony vine, boxthorn – (any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Lycium with showy flowers and bright berries)
! common matrimony vine, Duke of Argyll's tea tree, Lycium barbarum, Lycium halimifolium – (deciduous erect or spreading shrub with spiny branches and
violet-purple flowers followed by orange-red berries; southeastern Europe to China)
! Christmasberry, Christmas berry, Lycium carolinianum – (spiny evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having spreading branches usually blue or mauve flowers
and red berries)
! chalice vine, trumpet flower, cupflower, Solandra guttata – (Mexican evergreen climbing plant having large solitary funnel-shaped fragrant yellow flowers with
purple-brown ridges in the throat)
! marmalade bush, firebush, Streptosolen jamesonii – (evergreen South American shrub having showy trumpet-shaped orange flowers; grown as an ornamental or
houseplant)
! spurge – (any of numerous plants of the genus Euphorbia; usually having milky often poisonous juice)
! caper spurge, myrtle spurge, mole plant, Euphorbia lathyris – (poisonous Old World spurge; adventive in America; seeds yield a purgative oil)
! sun spurge, wartweed, wartwort, devil's milk, Euphorbia helioscopia – (not unattractive European weed whose flowers turn toward the sun)
! petty spurge, devil's milk, Euphorbia peplus – (an Old World spurge introduced as a weed in the eastern United States)
! medusa's head, Euphorbia medusae, Euphorbia caput-medusae – (African dwarf succulent perennial shrub with numerous slender drooping branches)
! wild spurge, flowering spurge, tramp's spurge, Euphorbia corollata – (common perennial United States spurge having showy white petallike bracts)
! snow-on-the-mountain, snow-in-summer, ghost weed, Euphorbia marginata – (annual spurge of western United States having showy white-bracted flower clusters
and very poisonous milk)
! cypress spurge, Euphorbia cyparissias – (Old World perennial having cypress-like foliage naturalized as a weed in United States)
! leafy spurge, wolf's milk, Euphorbia esula – (tall European perennial naturalized and troublesome as a weed in eastern North America)
! hairy spurge, Euphorbia hirsuta – (much-branched hirsute weed native to northeastern North America)
! poinsettia, Christmas star, Christmas flower, lobster plant, Mexican flameleaf, painted leaf, Euphorbia pulcherrima – (tropical American plant having poisonous m ilk
and showy tapering usually scarlet petallike leaves surrounding small yellow flowers)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 24
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Japanese poinsettia, mole plant, paint leaf, Euphorbia heterophylla – (showy poinsettia found from southern United States to Peru; often confused with Euphoria
cyathophora)
! fire-on-the-mountain, painted leaf, Mexican fire plant, Euphorbia cyathophora – (poinsettia of United States and eastern Mexico; often confused with Euphoria
heterophylla)
wood spurge, Euphorbia amygdaloides – (European perennial herb with greenish yellow terminal flower clusters)
candelilla, Euphorbia antisyphilitica – (wax-coated shrub of northern Mexico and southwestern United States)
dwarf spurge, Euphorbia exigua – (European erect or depressed annual weedy spurge adventive in northeastern United States)
scarlet plume, Euphorbia fulgens – (Mexican shrub often cultivated for its scarlet-bracted flowers)
naboom, cactus euphorbia, Euphorbia ingens – (small tree of dry open parts of southern Africa having erect angled branches suggesting candelabra)
crown of thorns, Christ thorn, Christ plant, Euphorbia milii – (somewhat climbing bushy spurge of Madagascar having long woody spiny stems with few leaves and
flowers with scarlet bracts)
! toothed spurge, Euphorbia dentata – (an annual weed of northeastern North America with dentate leaves)
! three-seeded mercury, Acalypha virginica – (weedy herb of eastern North America)
! croton, Croton tiglium – (tropical Asiatic shrub; source of croton oil)
! cascarilla, Croton eluteria – (West Indian shrub with aromatic bark)
! croton, Codiaeum variegatum – (grown in many varieties for their brightly colored foliage; widely cultivated as a houseplant)
! castor-oil plant, castor bean plant, palma christi, palma christ, Ricinus communis – (large shrub of tropical Africa and Asia having large palmate leaves and spiny capsules
containing seeds that are the source of castor oil and ricin; widely naturalized throughout the tropics)
! cassava, casava – (any of several plants of the genus Manihot having fleshy roots yielding a nutritious starch)
! bitter cassava, manioc, mandioc, mandioca, tapioca plant, gari, Manihot esculenta, Manihot utilissima – (cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems;
used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca)
! sweet cassava, Manihot dulcis – (South American plant with roots used as a vegetable and herbage used for stock feed)
! slipper spurge, slipper plant – (any of several tropical American shrubby succulent plants resem bling cacti but having foot-shaped bracts)
! candelilla, Pedilanthus bracteatus, Pedilanthus pavonis – (wax-coated Mexican shrub related to Euphorbia antisyphilitica)
! jewbush, jew bush, redbird cactus, redbird flower, Pedilanthus tithymaloides – (low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties)
! camellia, camellia – (any of several shrubs or small evergreen trees having solitary white or pink or reddish flowers)
! japonica, Camellia japonica – (greenhouse shrub with glossy green leaves and showy fragrant roselike flowers; cultivated in many varieties)
! tea, Camellia sinensis – (extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves)
! sea holly, sea holm, sea eryngium, Eryngium maritimum – (European evergreen eryngo with twisted spiny leaves naturalized on United States east coast; roots formerly
used as an aphrodisiac)
! puka, Griselinia lucida – (South American shrub or small tree having long shining evergreen leaves and panicles of green or yellow flowers)
! kapuka, Griselinia littoralis – (small New Zealand broadleaf evergreen tree often cultivated in warm regions as an ornamental)
! burning bush – ((Old Testament) the bush that burned without being consum ed and from which God spoke to Moses)
! shrublet – (dwarf shrub)
!
!
!
!
!
!
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 25
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! creeping snowberry, moxie plum, maidenhair berry, Gaultheria hispidula – (slow-growing procumbent evergreen shrublet of northern North Am erica and Japan
having white flowers and numerous white fleshy rough-hairy seeds)
! teaberry, wintergreen, checkerberry, mountain tea, groundberry, creeping wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens – (creeping shrub of eastern North America having
white bell-shaped flowers followed by spicy red berrylike fruit and shiny aromatic leaves that yield wintergreen oil)
! California fuchsia, humming bird's trumpet, Epilobium canum canum, Zauschneria californica – (shrublet of southwestern United States to Mexico having brilliant
scarlet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Zauschneria)
! subshrub, suffrutex – (low-growing woody shrub or perennial with woody base)
! darling pea, poison bush – (either of two Australian plants of the genus Swainsona that are poisonous to sheep)
! smooth darling pea, Swainsona galegifolia – (erect or trailing perennial of eastern Australia having axillary racemes of blue to purple or red flowers)
! hairy darling pea, Swainsona greyana, Swainsona grandiflora – (shrubby perennial of southern Australia having downy or woolly stems and undersides of leaves
and racemes of red to pink flowers)
! blue star, Amsonia tabernaemontana – (subshrubs of southeastern United States forming slow-growing clumps and having blue flowers in short terminal cymes)
! periwinkle – (chiefly trailing poisonous plants with blue flowers)
! myrtle, Vinca minor – (widely cultivated as a groundcover for its dark green shiny leaves and usually blue-violet flowers)
! large periwinkle, Vinca major – (plant having variegated foliage and used for window boxes)
! wild sarsaparilla, false sarsaparilla, wild sarsparilla, Aralia nudicaulis – (common perennial herb having aromatic roots used as a substitute for sarsaparilla; central
and eastern North America)
! American spikenard, petty morel, life-of-man, Aralia racemosa – (unarmed woody rhizomatous perennial plant distinguished from wild sarsaparilla by more aromatic
roots and panicled umbels; southeastern North America to Mexico)
! bristly sarsaparilla, bristly sarsparilla, dwarf elder, Aralia hispida – (bristly herb of eastern and central North America having black fruit and medicinal bark)
! bloodleaf – (any plant of the genus Iresine having colored foliage)
! beefsteak plant, beef plant, Iresine herbstii, Iresine reticulata – (South American plant having green to purple or red branches with green to purple ornamental foliage
and spikes of insignificant woolly flowers with dry membranous bracts)
! desert plume, prince's-plume, Stanleya pinnata, Cleome pinnata – (perennial of southwestern United States having leathery blue-green pinnatifid leaves and thick
plumelike spikes of yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cleome)
! matilija poppy, California tree poppy, Romneya coulteri – (tall branching subshrub of California and Mexico often cultivated for its silvery-blue foliage and large
fragrant white flowers)
! burdock, clotbur – (any of several erect biennial herbs of temperate Eurasia having stout taproots and producing burs)
! common burdock, lesser burdock, Arctium minus – (ubiquitous in all but very acid soil; most of Europe (except Arctic Caucasus) and North Africa)
! great burdock, greater burdock, cocklebur, Arctium lappa – (burdock having heart-shaped leaves found in open woodland, hedgerows and rough grassland of
Europe (except extreme N) and Asia Minor; sometimes cultivated for medicinal and culinary use)
! marguerite, marguerite daisy, Paris daisy, Chrysanthemum frutescens, Argyranthemum frutescens – (perennial subshrub of the Canary Islands having usually pale
yellow daisy-like flowers; often included in genus Chrysanthemum)
! wormwood – (any of several low composite herbs of the genera Artemisia or Seriphidium)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 26
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! mugwort – (any of several weedy composite plants of the genus Artemisia)
! western mugwort, white sage, cudweed, prairie sage, Artemisia ludoviciana, Artemisia gnaphalodes – (perennial cottony-white herb of southwestern United States)
! common mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris – (European tufted aromatic perennial herb having hairy red or purple stems and dark green leaves downy white below
and red-brown florets)
! southernwood, Artemisia abrotanum – (shrubby European wormwood naturalized in North America; sometimes used in brewing beer)
! common wormwood, absinthe, old man, lad's love, Artemisia absinthium – (aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste used in
making the liqueur absinthe)
sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua – (wormwood of southeastern Europe to Iran)
field wormwood, Artemisia campestris – (European wormwood similar to com mon wormwood in its properties)
wormwood sage, prairie sagewort, Artemisia frigida – (silky-leaved arom atic perennial of dry northern parts of the northern hemisphere; has tawny florets)
Roman wormwood, Artemis pontica – (European wormwood; minor source of absinthe)
dusty miller, beach wormwood, old woman, Artemisia stelleriana – (herb with grayish leaves found along the east coast of North America; used as an ornamental
plant)
! sea wormwood, Seriphidium maritimum, Artemisia maritima – (plants of western and northern European coasts)
! sagebrush, sage brush – (any of several North American composite subshrubs of the genera Artemis or Seriphidium)
! California sagebrush, California sage, Artemisia californica – (low ashy-gray California shrub)
! sand sage, silvery wormwood, Artemisia filifolia – (silver-haired shrub of central and southern United States and Mexico; a troublesome weed on rangelands)
! bud brush, bud sagebrush, Artemis spinescens – (half-shrubby perennial valuable as sheep forage in the United States)
! silver sage, silver sagebrush, gray sage, Seriphidium canum, Artemisia cana – (low much-branched perennial of western United States having silvery leaves; an
important browse and shelter plant)
! big sagebrush, blue sage, Seriphidium tridentatum, Artemisia tridentata – (arom atic shrub of arid regions of western North America having hoary leaves)
! bur marigold, burr marigold, beggar-ticks, beggar's-ticks, sticktight – (any of several plants of the genus Bidens having yellow flowers and prickly fruits that cling to
fur and clothing)
! spanish needles, Bidens bipinnata – (common bur marigold of the eastern United States)
! tickseed sunflower, Bidens coronata, Bidens trichosperma – (North American bur marigold with large flowers)
! European beggar-ticks, trifid beggar-ticks, trifid bur marigold, Bidens tripartita – (of temperate Eurasia)
! swampy beggar-ticks, Bidens connata – (bur marigold of eastern and northern United States and Canada common in wet pastures and m eadows)
! centaury – (any plant of the genus Centaurea)
! basket flower, Centaurea americana – (annual of southwestern United States cultivated for its purple-rayed flower heads and its basket-like bracts)
! dusty miller, Centaurea cineraria, Centaurea gymnocarpa – (a plant having leaves and stems covered with dust-like down)
! star-thistle, caltrop, Centauria calcitrapa – (Mediterranean annual or biennial herb having pinkish to purple flowers surrounded by spine-tipped scales; naturalized
in America)
! knapweed – (any of various plants of the genus Centaurea having purple thistle-like flowers)
! slender knapweed – (a variety of knapweed)
!
!
!
!
!
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 27
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Jersey knapweed – (a variety of knapweed)
! lesser knapweed, black knapweed, hardheads, Centaurea nigra – (a weedy perennial with tough wiry stems and purple flowers; native to Europe but widely
naturalized)
! great knapweed, greater knapweed, Centaurea scabiosa – (tall European perennial having purple flower heads)
! matchweed, matchbush – (any of several plants of the genus Gutierrezia having tiny match-like flower heads)
! little-head snakeweed, Gutierrezia microcephala – (similar to Gutierrezia sarothrae but with flower heads having fewer rays and disk flowers)
! rabbitweed, snakeweed, broom snakeweed, broom snakeroot, turpentine weed, Gutierrezia sarothrae – (low-growing sticky subshrub of southwestern United States
having narrow linear leaves on many slender branches and hundreds of tiny yellow flower heads)
! broom weed, Gutierrezia texana – (annual of southwestern United States having rigid woody branches with sticky foliage and yellow flowers)
! guayule, Parthenium argentatum – (much-branched subshrub with silvery leaves and sm all white flowers of Texas and northern Mexico; cultivated as a source of
rubber)
! American feverfew, wild quinine, prairie dock, Parthenium integrifolium – (stout perennial herb of the eastern United States with whitish flowers; leaves traditionally
used by Catawba indians to treat burns)
! chaffweed, bastard pimpernel, false pimpernel – (weedy plant having short dry chaff-like leaves)
! thrift – (any of numerous sun-loving low-growing evergreens of the genus Armeria having round heads of pink or white flowers)
! cliff rose, sea pink, Armeria maritima – (tufted thrift of seacoasts and mountains of north temperate zone; occasionally grown as a ground cover)
! sea lavender, marsh rosemary, statice – (any of various plants of the genus Limonium of temperate salt marshes having spikes of whit or mauve flowers)
! corchorus – (any of various plants of the genus Corchorus having large leaves and cymose clusters of yellow flowers; a source of jute)
! diapensia – (any boreal low-growing evergreen plant of the genus Diapensia)
! loosestrife – (any of numerous herbs and subshrubs of the genus Lythrum)
! purple loosestrife, spiked loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria – (marsh herb with a long spike of purple flowers; originally of Europe but now rampant in eastern United
States)
! grass poly, hyssop loosestrife, Lythrum hyssopifolia – (annual with small solitary pink flowers; originally of Europe but widely naturalized in moist areas)
! deer grass, meadow beauty – (any of several plants of the genus Rhexia usually having pink-purple to magenta flowers; eastern North America)
! St John's wort – (any of numerous plants of the genus Hypericum having yellow flowers and transparently dotted leaves; traditionally gathered on St John's eve to
ward off evil)
! common St John's wort, tutsan, Hypericum androsaemum – (deciduous bushy Eurasian shrub with golden yellow flowers and reddish-purple fruits from which
a soothing salve is made in Spain)
! great St John's wort, Hypericum ascyron, Hypericum pyramidatum – (perennial shrub having large star-shaped yellow flowers in narrowly pyramidal cymes)
! creeping St John's wort, Hypericum calycinum – (creeping evergreen shrub with bright yellow star-shaped summer flowers; useful as ground cover)
! orange grass, nitweed, pineweed, Hypericum gentianoides – (annual wiry-stemmed North American weed with minute scalelike leaves and small yellow flowers)
! St Andrews's cross, Hypericum crux andrae – (shrubby plant having yellow to apricot flowers with four petals arranged in a cross; southeastern United States: New
York to Texas)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 28
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! low St Andrew's cross, Hypericum hypericoides – (low shrubby plant having yellow flowers with four petals arranged in a cross; Bermuda and southeastern United
States to West Indies and eastern Mexico)
! klammath weed, Hypericum perforatum – (yellow-flowered perennial common in fields and waste places but a weed in rangelands)
! shrubby St John's wort, Hypericum prolificum, Hypericum spathulatum – (stiff shrub having oblong entire leaves and dense cym es of yellow flowers)
! St Peter's wort, Hypericum tetrapterum, Hypericum maculatum – (European perennial St John's wort; Ireland and France to western Siberia)
! marsh St-John's wort, Hypericum virginianum – (perennial marsh herb with pink to mauve flowers; southeastern United States)
! false heather, golden heather, Hudsonia ericoides – (North American decumbent evergreen heath-like plant with yellow flowers)
! beach heather, poverty grass, Hudsonia tomentosa – (small heath-like plant covered with white down growing on beaches in northeastern North America)
! partridge pea, sensitive pea, wild sensitive plant, Chamaecrista fasciculata, Cassia fasciculata – (tropical American plant having leaflets somewhat sensitive to the
touch; sometimes placed in genus Cassia)
! sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia, Cassia tora – (cosmopolitan tropical herb or subshrub with yellow flowers and slender curved pods; a weed; sometimes placed in genus
Cassia)
! tick trefoil, beggar lice, beggar's lice – (any of various tropical and subtropical plants having trifoliate leaves and rough sticky pod sections or lom ents)
! beggarweed, Desm odium tortuosum, Desm odium purpureum – (West Indian forage plant cultivated in southern United States as forage and to improve soil)
! sweet vetch, Hedysarum boreale – (perennial of western United States having racemes of pink to purple flowers followed by flat pods that separate into nearly
orbicular joints)
! French honeysuckle, sulla, Hedysarum coronarium – (perennial of southern Europe cultivated for forage and for its nectar-rich pink flowers that make it an important
honey crop)
! horseshoe vetch, Hippocrepis comosa – (European woody-pased perennial with yellow umbellate flowers followed by flattened pods that separate into
horseshoe-shaped joints)
! cube – (any of several tropical American woody plants of the genus Lonchocarpus whose roots are used locally as a fish poison and commercially as a source of
rotenone)
! prairie bird's-foot trefoil, compass plant, prairie lotus, prairie trefoil, Lotus americanus – (North American annual with red or rose-colored flowers)
! coral gem , Lotus berthelotii – (low-growing much-branched perennial of Canary Islands having orange-red to scarlet or purple flowers; naturalized in United States)
! bird's foot trefoil, bird's foot clover, babies' slippers, bacon and eggs, Lotus corniculatus – (European forage plant having claw-shaped pods introduced in America)
! wild lupine, sundial lupine, Indian beet, old-maid's bonnet, Lupinus perennis – (stout perennial of eastern and central North America having palmate leaves and
showy racemose blue flowers)
! restharrow, Ononis repens – (European woody plant having pink flowers and unifoliolate leaves and long tough roots; spreads by underground runners)
! restharrow, Ononis spinosa – (Eurasian plant having loose racemes of pink or purple flowers and spiny stems and tough roots)
! hoary pea – (a plant of the genus Tephrosia having pinnate leaves and white or purplish flowers and flat hairy pods)
! bastard indigo, Tephrosia purpurea – (East Indian shrub)
! catgut, goat's rue, wild sweet pea, Tephrosia virginiana – (perennial subshrub of eastern North America having downy leaves yellowish and rose flowers and; source
of rotenone)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 29
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! prince's-feather, princess feather, kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate, prince's-plume, Polygonum orientale – (annual with broadly ovate leaves and slender drooping spikes
of crimson flowers; southeastern Asia and Australia; naturalized in North America)
! eriogonum – (any plant of the genus Eriogonum with small clustered flowers)
! umbrella plant, Eriogonum allenii – (late-blooming perennial plant of shale barrens of Virginia having flowers in flat-topped clusters)
! wild buckwheat, California buckwheat, Erigonum fasciculatum – (low-growing shrub with spreading branches and flowers in loose heads; desert regions of western
United States (California to Utah))
! mountain avens, Dryas octopetala – (creeping evergreen white-flowered shrub of mat-like habit widely distributed in northern portions of Eurasia and North America)
! avens – (any of various perennials of the genus Geum having usually pinnate basal leaves and variously colored flowers)
! yellow avens, Geum alleppicum strictum, Geum strictum – (erect subshrub with deep yellow flowers; Europe and Asia and North America)
! bennet, white avens, Geum canadense – (North American white-flowered avens)
! yellow avens, Geum macrophyllum – (hairy yellow-flowered plant of eastern Asia and North America)
! water avens, Indian chocolate, purple avens, chocolate root, Geum rivale – (erect perennial of north temperate zone having pinnate leaves and few nodding flowers
with brown-purple calyx and orange-pink petals)
! prairie smoke, purple avens, Geum triflorum – (North American perennial with hairy basal pinnate leaves and purple flowers and plume-tipped fruits)
! herb bennet, cloveroot, wood avens, Geum urbanum – (hairy Eurasian plant with small yellow flowers and an astringent root formerly used medicinally)
! bennet, white avens, Geum virginianum – (avens of Virginia having pale or greenish yellow flowers)
! Western sand cherry, Rocky Mountains cherry, Prunus besseyi – (dwarf ornamental shrub of western United States having large black to red and yellow sweet edible
fruit)
! woodruff – (any plant of the genus Asperula)
! dyer's woodruff, Asperula tinctoria – (creeping European perennial having red or pinkish-white flowers and red roots sometimes used as a substitute for madder
in dyeing)
! twinflower, Linnaea borealis – (creeping evergreen subshrub of the northern parts of Europe and Asia with delicate fragrant tubular bell-shaped usually pink flowers
borne in pairs)
! American twinflower, Linnaea borealis americana – (similar to the twinflower of northern Europe and Asia)
! milkwort – (any of various plants of the genus Polygala)
! senega, Polygala alba – (perennial bushy herb of Central and southern United States having white flowers with green centers and often purple crest; similar to
Seneca snakeroot)
! orange m ilkwort, yellow milkwort, candyweed, yellow bachelor's button, Polygala lutea – (bog plant of pine barrens of southeastern United States having spikes
of irregular yellow-orange flowers)
! flowering wintergreen, gaywings, bird-on-the-wing, fringed polygala, Polygala paucifolia – (common trailing perennial milkwort of eastern North America having
leaves like wintergreen and usually rosy-purple flowers with winged sepals)
! Seneca snakeroot, Seneka snakeroot, senga root, senega root, senega snakeroot, Polygala senega – (eastern North American plant having a terminal cluster of
small white flowers and m edicinal roots)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 30
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! com m on m ilkwort, gand flower, Polygala vulgaris – (small European perennial with numerous branches having racemes of blue, pink or white flowers; formerly
reputed to promote human lactation)
! caltrop, devil's weed, Tribulus terestris – (tropical annual procumbent poisonous subshrub having fruit that splits into five spiny nutlets; serious pasture weed)
! pachysandra – (any plant of the genus Pachysandra; low-growing evergreen herbs or subshrubs having dentate leaves and used as ground cover)
! Allegheny spurge, Allegheny mountain spurge, Pachysandra procumbens – (low semi-evergreen perennial herb having sm all spikes of white or pinkish flowers;
native to southern United States but grown elsewhere)
! Japanese spurge, Pachysandra terminalis – (slow-growing Japanese evergreen subshrub having terminal spikes of white flowers; grown as a ground cover)
! pinwheel, Aeonium haworthii – (perennial subshrub of Tenerife having leaves in pinwheel-like rosettes)
! phlomis – (any of various plants of the genus Phlomis; grown primarily for their dense whorls of lipped flowers and attractive foliage)
! Jerusalem sage, Phlom is fruticosa – (a spreading subshrub of Mediterranean regions cultivated for dense axillary whorls of purple or yellow flowers)
! germander – (any of various plants of the genus Teucrium)
! American germander, wood sage, Teucrium canadense – (subshrub with serrate leaves and cream to pink or purple flowers in spike-like racemes; North America)
! wall germander, Teucrium chamaedrys – (European perennial subshrub with red-purple or bright rose flowers with red and white spots)
! cat thyme, marum, Teucrium marum – (Mediterranean germander having small hairy leaves and reddish purple flowers; attractive to cats)
! wood sage, Teucrium scorodonia – (European germander with one-sided racemes of yellow flowers; naturalized in North America)
! blue curls – (any of several plants of the genus Trichostema having whorls of small blue flowers)
! black sage, wooly blue curls, California romero, Trichostema lanatum – (aromatic wooly-leaved plant of southern California and Mexico)
! turpentine camphor weed, camphorweed, vinegarweed, Trichostema lanceolatum – (arom atic plant of western United States)
! bastard pennyroyal, Trichostema dichotomum – (arom atic plant of the eastern United States)
! eryngo, eringo – (any plant of the genus Eryngium)
! flowering shrub – (shrub noted primarily for its flowers)
! bird of paradise, poinciana, Caesalpinia gilliesii, Poinciana gilliesii – (a tropical flowering shrub having bright orange or red flowers; sometimes placed in genus
Poinciana)
! pride of barbados, paradise flower, flamboyant tree, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Poinciana pulcherrima – (tropical shrub or small tree having showy yellow to orange-red
flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana)
! Scotch laburnum, Alpine golden chain, Laburnum alpinum – (an ornamental shrub or tree of the genus Laburnum)
! common laburnum, golden chain, golden rain, Laburnum anagyroides – (an ornamental shrub or tree of the genus Laburnum; often cultivated for Easter decorations)
! Asiatic sweetleaf, sapphire berry, Symplocus paniculata – (deciduous shrub of eastern Asia bearing decorative bright blue fruit)
! buckthorn – (a shrub or shrubby tree of the genus Rhamnus; fruits are source of yellow dyes or pigments)
! cascara buckthorn, bearberry, bearwood, chittamwood, chittimwood, Rhamnus purshianus – (shrubby tree of United States Pacific coast; yields cascara sagrada)
! Carolina buckthorn, indian cherry, Rhamnus carolinianus – (deciduous shrub of eastern and central United States having black berrylike fruit; golden-yellow in
autumn)
! coffeeberry, California buckthorn, California coffee, Rhamnus californicus – (evergreen shrub of western United States bearing small red or black fruits)
! alder buckthorn, alder dogwood, Rhamnus frangula – (small tree common in Europe)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 31
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! redberry, Rhamnus croceus – (small spiny evergreen shrub of western United States and Mexico with minute flowers and bright red berries)
!
!
!
!
jujube, jujube bush, Christ's-thorn, Jerusalem thorn, Ziziphus jujuba – (spiny tree having dark red edible fruits)
lotus tree, Ziziphus lotus – (shrubby deciduous tree of the Mediterranean region)
Christ's-thorn, Jerusalem thorn, Paliurus spina-christi – (thorny Eurasian shrub with dry woody winged fruit)
stephanotis – (any of various evergreen climbing shrubs of the genus Stephanotis having fragrant waxy flowers)
! Madagascar jasmine, waxflower, Stephanotis floribunda – (twining woody vine of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant
waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 32
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
TREE – (a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms)
! yellowwood, yellowwood tree – (any of various trees having yellowish wood or yielding a yellow extract)
! gymnospermous yellowwood – (any of various gymnospermous trees having yellow wood)
! South-African yellowwood, Podocarpus latifolius – (erect or shrubby tree of Africa having ridged dark gray bark and rigid glossy medium to long leaves)
! common yellowwood, bastard yellowwood, Afrocarpus falcata – (medium-sized tree of South Africa)
! angiospermous yellowwood – (any of various angiospermous trees having yellow wood)
! osage orange, bow wood, mock orange, Maclura pomifera – (small shrubby deciduous yellowwood tree of south central United States having spines, glossy dark
green leaves and inedible orange-like fruit; its hard orange-colored wood used for bows by native Americans; frequently planted as boundary hedge)
! Kentucky yellowwood, gopherwood, Cladrastis lutea, Cladrastis kentukea, yellowwood – (small handsome round-headed deciduous tree having showy white flowers
in terminal clusters and heavy hardwood yielding yellow dye)
! satinwood, West Indian satinwood, Zanthoxylum flavum – (West Indian tree with smooth lustrous and slightly oily wood)
! Australian sumac, Rhodosphaera rhodanthema, Rhus rhodanthema – (evergreen of Australia yielding a dark yellow wood)
! sweetleaf, Symplocus tinctoria – (small yellowwood tree of southern United States having small fragrant white flowers; leaves and bark yield a yellow dye)
! lancewood, lancewood tree, Oxandra lanceolata – (source of most of the lancewood of commerce)
! Guinea pepper, negro pepper, Xylopia aethiopica – (tropical west African evergreen tree bearing pungent aromatic seeds used as a condiment and in folk medicine)
! anise tree – (any of several evergreen shrubs and small trees of the genus Illicium)
! purple anise, Illicium floridanum – (small shrubby tree with purple flowers; found in wet soils of southeastern United States)
! star anise, Illicium anisatum – (small shrubby tree of Japan and Taiwan; flowers are not fragrant)
! star anise, Chinese anise, Illicium verum – (small tree of China and Vietnam bearing anise-scented star-shaped fruit used in food and medicinally as a carminative)
! winter's bark, winter's bark tree, Drimys winteri – (South American evergreen tree yielding winter's bark and a light soft wood similar to basswood)
! zebrawood, zebrawood tree – (any of various trees or shrubs having mottled or striped wood)
! Connarus guianensis – (tropical American and east African tree with strikingly marked hardwood used in cabinetwork)
! arariba, Centrolobium robustum – (Brazilian tree with handsomely marked wood)
! nakedwood, Eugenia dicrana – (tree of extreme southern Florida and West Indies having thin scaly bark and aromatic fruits and seeds and yielding hard heavy
close-grained zebrawood)
! goncalo alves, Astronium fraxinifolium – (tall tropical American timber tree especially abundant in eastern Brazil; yields hard strong durable zebrawood with straight
grain and dark strips on a pinkish to yellowish ground; widely used for veneer and furniture and heavy construction)
! marblewood – (hard marbled wood)
! granadilla tree, granadillo, Brya ebenus – (West Indian tree yielding a fine grade of green ebony)
! acacia – (any of various spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Acacia)
! shittah, shittah tree – (source of a wood mentioned frequently in the Bible; probably a species of Acacia)
! black wattle, Acacia auriculiformis – (Australian tree that yields tanning materials)
! gidgee, stinking wattle, Acacia cambegei – (scrubby Australian acacia having extremely foul-smelling blossom s)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 33
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! catechu, Jerusalem thorn, Acacia catechu – (East Indian spiny tree having twice-pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by flat pods; source of black catechu)
! silver wattle, mimosa, Acacia dealbata – (evergreen Australasian tree having white or silvery bark and young leaves and yellow flowers)
! huisache, cassie, m imosa bush, sweet wattle, sweet acacia, scented wattle, flame tree, Acacia farnesiana – (tropical American thorny shrub or small tree; fragrant
yellow flowers used in making perfumery)
! golden wattle, Acacia pycnantha – (shrubby Australian tree having clusters of fragrant golden yellow flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental)
! fever tree, Acacia xanthophloea – (African tree supposed to mark healthful regions)
! coralwood, red sandalwood, Barbados pride, peacock flower fence, Adenanthera pavonina – (East Indian tree with racemes of yellow-white flowers; cultivated as an
ornamental)
! albizzia, albizia – (any of numerous trees of the genus Albizia)
! silk tree, Albizia julibrissin, Albizzia julibrissin – (attractive dom ed or flat-topped Asiatic tree having bipinnate leaves and flowers with long silky stamens)
! siris, siris tree, Albizia lebbeck, Albizzia lebbeck – (large spreading Old World tree having large leaves and globose clusters of greenish-yellow flowers and long seed
pods that clatter in the wind)
! rain tree, saman, monkeypod, monkey pod, zaman, zamang, Albizia saman – (large ornamental tropical American tree with bipinnate leaves and globose clusters
of flowers with crimson stamens and sweet-pulp seed pods eaten by cattle)
! conacaste, elephant's ear, Enterolobium cyclocarpa – (tropical South American tree having a wide-spreading crown of bipinnate leaves and coiled ear-shaped fruits;
grown for shade and ornament as well as valuable timber)
! inga – (any tree or shrub of the genus Inga having pinnate leaves and showy usually white flowers; cultivated as ornamentals)
! ice-cream bean, Inga edulis – (ornamental evergreen tree with masses of white flowers; tropical and subtropical America)
! guama, Inga laurina – (tropical tree of Central America and West Indies and Puerto Rico having spikes of white flowers; used as shade for coffee plantations)
! lead tree, white popinac, Leucaena glauca, Leucaena leucocephala – (low scrubby tree of tropical and subtropical North America having white mimosa-like flowers tinged
with yellow and long flattened pods)
! wild tamarind, Lysilom a latisiliqua, Lysilom a bahamensis – (a tamarind-like tree of the West Indies and Florida and Mexico having long flat pods)
! nitta tree – (any of several Old World tropical trees of the genus Parkia having heads of red or yellow flowers followed by pods usually containing edible seeds and
pulp)
! Parkia javanica – (tall evergreen rain forest tree with wide-spreading crown having yellow-white flowers; grown as an ornamental in parks and large gardens)
! manila tamarind, camachile, huamachil, wild tamarind, Pithecellobium dulce – (common thorny tropical American tree having terminal racemes of yellow flowers
followed by sickle-shaped or circinate edible pods and yielding good timber and a yellow dye and mucilaginous gum)
! dita, dita bark, devil tree, Alstonia scholaris – (evergreen tree of eastern Asia and Philippines having large leathery leaves and sm all green-white flowers in compact
cymes; bark formerly used medicinally)
! ivory tree, conessi, kurchi, kurchee, Holarrhena pubescens, Holarrhena antidysenterica – (tropical Asian tree with hard white wood and bark formerly used as a remedy
for dysentery and diarrhea)
! puka, Meryta sinclairii – (small round-headed New Zealand tree having large resinous leaves and panicles of green-white flowers)
! cockspur, Pisonia aculeata – (small spiny West Indian tree)
! pandanus, screw pine – (any of various Old World tropical palm-like trees having huge prop roots and pineapple-like leaves and edible cone-like fruits)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 34
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! textile screw pine, lauhala, Pandanus tectorius – (Polynesian screw pine)
! lacebark, ribbonwood, houhere, Hoheria populnea – (small tree or shrub of New Zealand having a profusion of axillary clusters of honey-scented paper-white flowers
and whose bark is used for cordage)
! ribbon tree, ribbonwood, Plagianthus regius, Plagianthus betulinus – (deciduous New Zealand tree whose inner bark yields a strong flax-like fiber called New Zealand
cotton)
! tulipwood tree – (any of various trees yielding variously colored woods similar to true tulipwood)
! portia tree, bendy tree, seaside mahoe, Thespesia populnea – (pantropical tree of usually seacoasts sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for its rounded
heart-shaped leaves and showy yellow and purple flowers; yields valuable pink to dark red close-grained wood and oil from its seeds)
! harpullia – (any of various tree of the genus Harpullia)
! harpulla, Harpullia cupanioides – (fast-growing tree of India and East Indies yielding a wood used especially for building)
! Moreton Bay tulipwood, Harpullia pendula – (Australian tree yielding a variegated tulipwood)
! red silk-cotton tree, simal, Bombax ceiba, Bombax malabarica – (East Indian silk cotton tree yielding fibers inferior to kapok)
! Montezuma – (evergreen tree with large leathery leaves and large pink to orange flowers; considered a link plant between families Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae)
! shaving-brush tree, Pseudobombax ellipticum – (tree of Mexico to Guatemala having densely hairy flowers with long narrow petals clustered at ends of branches before
leaves appear)
! quandong, quandong tree, Brisbane quandong, silver quandong tree, blue fig, Elaeocarpus grandis – (Australian tree having hard white timber and glossy green leaves
with white flowers followed by one-seeded glossy blue fruit)
! Jamaican cherry, calabur tree, calabura, silkwood, Muntingia calabura – (a fast-growing tropical American evergreen having white flowers and white fleshy edible fruit;
bark yields a silky fiber used in cordage and wood is valuable for staves)
! breakax, breakaxe, Sloanea jamaicensis – (West Indian timber tree having very hard wood)
! bottletree – (an Australian tree of the genus Brachychiton)
! flame tree, flame durrajong, Brachychiton acerifolius, Sterculia acerifolia – (south Australian tree having panicles of brilliant scarlet flowers)
! flame tree, broad-leaved bottletree, Brachychiton australis – (north Australian tree having white flowers and broad leaves)
! kurrajong, currajong, Brachychiton populneus – (widely distributed tree of eastern Australia yielding a tough durable fiber and soft light attractively grained wood;
foliage is an important emergency food for cattle)
! Queensland bottletree, narrow-leaved bottletree, Brachychiton rupestris, Sterculia rupestris – (large tree of Queensland Australia having cream-colored flowers
blotched with red inside; sometimes placed in genus Sterculia)
! Chinese parasol tree, Chinese parasol, Japanese varnish tree, phoenix tree, Firmiana simplex – (deciduous tree widely grown in southern United States as an ornamental
for its handsome maple-like foliage and long racemes of yellow-green flowers followed by curious leaf-like pods)
! mayeng, maple-leaved bayur, Pterospermum acerifolium – (Indian tree having fragrant nocturnal white flowers and yielding a reddish wood used for planking; often
grown as an ornamental or shade tree)
! silver tree, Tarrietia argyrodendron – (Australian timber tree)
! obeche, obechi, arere, samba, Triplochiton scleroxcylon – (large west African tree having large palmately lobed leaves and axillary cymose panicles of small white flowers
and one-winged seeds; yields soft white to pale yellow wood)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 35
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! linden, linden tree, basswood, lime, lime tree – (any of various deciduous trees of the genus Tilia heart-shaped leaves and drooping cymose clusters of yellowish often
fragrant flowers; several yield valuable timber)
! American basswood, American lime, Tilia americana – (large American shade tree with large dark green leaves and rounded crown)
! sm all-leaved linden, small-leaved lime, Tilia cordata – (large spreading European linden with sm all dark green leaves; often cultivated as an ornamental)
! white basswood, cottonwood, Tilia heterophylla – (American basswood of the Allegheny region)
! Japanese linden, Japanese lime, Tilia japonica – (medium-sized tree of Japan used as an ornamental)
! silver lime, silver linden, Tilia tomentosa – (large tree native to eastern Europe and Asia Minor having leaves with white tomentum on the under side; widely cultivated
as an ornamental)
! silver tree, Leucadendron argenteum – (small South African tree with long silvery silky foliage)
! prickly ash, Orites excelsa – (Australian tree having alternate simple leaves (when young they are pinnate with prickly toothed margins) and slender axillary spikes of
white flowers)
! wheel tree, firewheel tree, Stenocarpus sinuatus – (eastern Australian tree widely cultivated as a shade tree and for its glossy leaves and circular clusters of showy red
to orange-scarlet flowers)
! scrub beefwood, beefwood, Stenocarpus salignus – (tree or tall shrub with shiny leaves and umbels of fragrant creamy-white flowers; yields hard heavy reddish wood)
! casuarina – (any of various trees and shrubs of the genus Casuarina having jointed horsetail-like stems and whorls of scalelike leaves; some yield heavy hardwood)
! she-oak – (any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina)
! beefwood – (any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina yielding heavy hard red wood used in cabinetwork)
! Australian pine, Casuarina equisetfolia – (common Australian tree widely grown as an ornamental in tropical regions; yields heavy hard red wood)
! beech, beech tree – (any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth gray bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs;
north temperate regions)
! common beech, European beech, Fagus sylvatica – (large European beech with minutely-toothed leaves; widely planted as an ornamental in North America)
! copper beech, purple beech, Fagus sylvatica atropunicea, Fagus purpurea, Fagus sylvatica purpurea – (variety of European beech with shining purple or
copper-colored leaves)
! American beech, white beech, red beech, Fagus grandifolia, Fagus americana – (North American forest tree with light green leaves and edible nuts)
! weeping beech, Fagus pendula, Fagus sylvatica pendula – (variety of European beech with pendulous limbs)
! Japanese beech – (a beech native to Japan having soft light yellowish-brown wood)
! chestnut, chestnut tree – (any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly bur)
! American chestnut, American sweet chestnut, Castanea dentata – (large tree found from Maine to Alabama)
! European chestnut, sweet chestnut, Spanish chestnut, Castanea sativa – (wild or cultivated throughout southern Europe, northwestern Africa and southwestern Asia)
! Chinese chestnut, Castanea mollissima – (a small tree with small sweet nuts; wild or naturalized in Korea and China)
! Japanese chestnut, Castanea crenata – (spreading short-trunked tree of Japan)
! Allegheny chinkapin, eastern chinquapin, chinquapin, dwarf chestnut, Castanea pumila – (shrubby chestnut tree of southeastern United States having sm all edible
nuts)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 36
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Ozark chinkapin, Ozark chinquapin, chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis – (shrubby tree closely related to the Allegheny chinkapin but with larger leaves; southern
midwest United States)
! oak chestnut – (a tree of the genus Castanopsis)
! giant chinkapin, golden chinkapin, Chrysolepis chrysophylla, Castanea chrysophylla, Castanopsis chrysophylla – (small ornamental evergreen tree of Pacific Coast whose
glossy yellow-green leaves are yellow beneath; bears edible nuts)
! tanbark oak, Lithocarpus densiflorus – (evergreen oak of the Pacific coast area having large leathery leaves; yields tanbark)
! Japanese oak, Lithocarpus glabra, Lithocarpus glaber – (small evergreen tree of China and Japan)
! southern beech, evergreen beech – (any of various beeches of the southern hemisphere having small usually evergreen leaves)
! myrtle beech, Nothofagus cuninghamii – (large evergreen tree of Tasmania)
! Coigue, Nothofagus dombeyi – (Chilean evergreen whose leafy boughs are used for thatching)
! New-Zealand beech – (any of several tall New Zealand trees of the genus Nothofagus; some yield useful timber)
! silver beech, Nothofagus menziesii – (New Zealand beech with usually pale silvery bark)
! roble beech, Nothofagus obliqua – (tall deciduous South American tree)
! rauli beech, Nothofagus procera – (large Chilean timber tree yielding coarse lumber)
! black beech, Nothofagus solanderi – (New Zealand forest tree)
! hard beech, Nothofagus truncata – (tall New Zealand tree yielding very hard wood)
! oak, oak tree – (a deciduous tree of the genus Quercus; has acorns and lobed leaves; "great oaks grow from little acorns")
! live oak – (any of several American evergreen oaks)
! coast live oak, California live oak, Quercus agrifolia – (highly variable often shrubby evergreen oak of coastal zone of western North America having small thick
usually spiny-toothed dark-green leaves)
! canyon oak, canyon live oak, maul oak, iron oak, Quercus chrysolepis – (medium-sized evergreen of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico with
oblong leathery often spiny-edged leaves)
! southern live oak, Quercus virginiana – (medium-sized evergreen native to eastern North America to the east coast of Mexico; often cultivated as shade tree for
it wide-spreading crown; extremely hard tough durable wood once used in shipbuilding)
! interior live oak, Quercus wislizenii, Quercus wizlizenii – (medium-small shrubby evergreen tree of western North America similar to the coast live oak but occurring
chiefly in foothills of mountain ranges removed from the coast; an important part of the chaparral)
! white oak – (any of numerous Old World and American oaks having 6 to 8 stamens in each floret, acorns that mature in one year and leaf veins that never extend
beyond the margin of the leaf)
! American white oak, Quercus alba – (large slow-growing deciduous tree of the eastern United States having stout spreading branches and leaves with usually 7
rounded lobes; yields strong and durable hard wood)
! Arizona white oak, Quercus arizonica – (semi-evergreen shrub or small tree of Arizona and New Mexico having acorns with hemispherical cups)
! swamp white oak, swamp oak, Quercus bicolor – (large flaky-barked deciduous oak of the eastern United States with leaves having fewer lobes than other white
oaks; yields heavy strong wood used in construction; thrives in wet soil)
! Oregon white oak, Oregon oak, Garry oak, Quercus garryana – (small deciduous tree of western North America with crooked branches and pale gray bark)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 37
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! California white oak, valley oak, valley white oak, roble, Quercus lobata – (tall graceful deciduous California oak having leathery leaves and slender pointed acorns)
! bur oak, burr oak, mossy-cup oak, mossycup oak, Quercus macrocarpa – (medium to large deciduous oak of central and eastern North America with ovoid acorns
deeply immersed in large fringed cups; yields tough close-grained wood)
! durmast, Quercus petraea, Quercus sessiliflora – (deciduous European oak valued for its tough elastic wood)
! common oak, English oak, pedunculate oak, Quercus robur – (medium to large deciduous European oak having sm ooth leaves with rounded lobes; yields hard
strong light-colored wood)
! European turkey oak, turkey oak, Quercus cerris – (large deciduous tree of central and southern Europe and Asia Minor having oblong-lanceolate leaves with spiked
lobes)
! scarlet oak, Quercus coccinea – (medium-large thick-trunked deciduous tree of the eastern United States and southern Canada having close-grained wood and deeply
7-lobed leaves turning scarlet in autumn)
! jack oak, northern pin oak, Quercus ellipsoidalis – (small to m edium deciduous oak of east central North America; leaves have sharply pointed lobes)
! red oak – (any of numerous American oaks having 4 stamens in each floret, acorns requiring two years to mature and leaf veins usually extending beyond the leaf
margin to form points or bristles)
! southern red oak, swamp red oak, turkey oak, Quercus falcata – (large round-topped deciduous tree with spreading branches having narrow falcate leaves with
deeply sinuate lobes and wood similar to that of northern red oaks; New Jersey to Illinois and southward)
! northern red oak, Quercus rubra, Quercus borealis – (large symmetrical deciduous tree with rounded crown widely distributed in eastern North America; has large
leaves with triangular spiny tipped lobes and coarse-grained wood less durable than that of white oaks)
! Shumard oak, Shumard red oak, Quercus shumardii – (large deciduous red oak of southern and eastern United States having large 7- to 9-lobed elliptical leaves,
large acorns and medium hard coarse-grained wood)
! holm oak, holm tree, holly-leaved oak, evergreen oak, Quercus ilex – (evergreen oak of southern Europe having leaves somewhat resembling those of holly; yields
a hard wood)
! shingle oak, laurel oak, Quercus imbricaria – (small deciduous tree of eastern and central United States having shining laurel-like leaves; wood used in western states
for shingles)
! bluejack oak, turkey oak, Quercus incana – (small semi-evergreen shrubby tree of southeastern United States having hairy young branchlets and leaves narrowing
to a slender bristly point)
! California black oak, Quercus kelloggii – (large deciduous tree of the Pacific coast having deeply parted bristle-tipped leaves)
! American turkey oak, turkey oak, Quercus laevis – (small slow-growing deciduous shrubby tree of dry sandy barrens of southeastern United States having leaves
with bristle-tipped lobes resem bling turkey's toes)
! laurel oak, pin oak, Quercus laurifolia – (large nearly semi-evergreen oak of southeastern United States; thrives in damp soil)
! overcup oak, Quercus lyrata – (medium-large deciduous timber tree of central and southern United States; acorns deeply immersed in the cup and m ature in first
year)
! scrub oak – (any of various chiefly American small shrubby oaks often a dominant form on thin dry soils sometimes forming dense thickets)
! bear oak, Quercus ilicifolia – (shrubby oak of southeastern United States usually forming dense thickets)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 38
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! blackjack oak, blackjack, jack oak, Quercus marilandica – (a common scrubby deciduous tree of central and southeastern United States having dark bark and broad
3-lobed (club-shaped) leaves; tends to form dense thickets)
! myrtle oak, seaside scrub oak, Quercus myrtifolia – (small evergreen shrub or tree of southeastern United States; often forms almost impenetrable thickets in sandy
coastal areas)
! Japanese oak, Quercus mongolica, Quercus grosseserrata – (oak with moderately light fine-grained wood; Japan)
! chestnut oak – (an oak having leaves resem bling those of chestnut trees)
! swamp chestnut oak, Quercus michauxii – (medium to large deciduous tree of moist areas of southeastern United States similar to the basket oak)
! chinquapin oak, chinkapin oak, yellow chestnut oak, Quercus m uehlenbergii – (medium-sized deciduous tree of the eastern United States that yields a strong durable
wood)
! basket oak, cow oak, Quercus prinus, Quercus montana – (medium to large deciduous tree of the eastern United States; its durable wood is used as timber or split
and woven into baskets or chair seats)
! dwarf chinkapin oak, dwarf chinquapin oak, dwarf oak, Quercus prinoides – (deciduous shrubby tree of northeastern and central United States having a sweet edible
nut and often forming dense thickets)
! water oak, possum oak, Quercus nigra – (relatively tall deciduous water oak of southeastern United States often cultivated as a shade tree; thrives in wet soil)
! Nuttall oak, Nuttall's oak, Quercus nuttalli – (similar to the pin oak; grows in damp sites in Mississippi River basin)
! pin oak, swamp oak, Quercus palustris – (fast-growing medium to large pyramidal deciduous tree of northeastern United States and southeastern Canada having
deeply pinnatifid leaves that turn bright red in autumn; thrives in damp soil)
! willow oak, Quercus phellos – (medium to large deciduous oak of the eastern United States having long lanceolate leaves and soft strong wood)
! post oak, box white oak, brash oak, iron oak, Quercus stellata – (small deciduous tree of eastern and central United States having dark green lyrate pinnatifid leaves
and tough moisture-resistant wood used especially for fence posts)
! cork oak, Quercus suber – (medium-sized evergreen oak of southern Europe and northern Africa having thick corky bark that is periodically stripped to yield
commercial cork)
! Spanish oak, Quercus texana – (small deciduous tree having the trunk branched almost from the base with spreading branches; Texas and southern Oklahoma)
! Chinese cork oak, Quercus variabilis – (medium to large deciduous tree of China, Japan, and Korea having thick corky bark)
! black oak, yellow oak, quercitron, quercitron oak, Quercus velutina – (medium to large deciduous timber tree of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada
having dark outer bark and yellow inner bark used for tanning; broad 5-lobed leaves are bristle-tipped)
! birch, birch tree – (any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark)
! yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis, Betula leutea – (tree of eastern North America with thin lustrous yellow or gray bark)
! American white birch, paper birch, canoe birch, Betula cordifolia, Betula papyrifera – (small American birch with peeling white bark often worked into e.g. baskets
or toy canoes)
! gray birch, American gray birch, Betula populifolia – (medium-sized birch of eastern North America having white or pale gray bark and valueless wood; occurs often
as a second-growth forest tree)
! silver birch, common birch, European white birch, Betula pendula – (European birch with silvery white peeling bark and m arkedly drooping branches)
! downy birch, white birch, Betula pubescens – (European birch with dull white to pale brown bark and somewhat drooping hairy branches)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 39
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! black birch, river birch, red birch, Betula nigra – (birch of swamps and river bottoms throughout the eastern United States having reddish-brown bark)
! sweet birch, cherry birch, black birch, Betula lenta – (common birch of the eastern United States having spicy brown bark yielding a volatile oil and hard dark wood
used for furniture)
! Yukon white birch, Betula neoalaskana – (Alaskan birch with white to pale brown bark)
! swamp birch, water birch, mountain birch, Western paper birch, Western birch, Betula fontinalis – (birch of western United States resembling the paper birch but
having brownish bark)
! Newfoundland dwarf birch, American dwarf birch, Betula glandulosa – (small shrub of colder parts of North America and Greenland)
! alder, alder tree – (north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and cone-like fruit; bark is used in tanning and dyeing and the rot-resistant wood)
! common alder, European black alder, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus vulgaris – (medium-sized tree with brown-black bark and woody fruiting catkins; leaves are hairy
beneath)
! gray alder, Alnus incana – (native to Europe but introduced in America)
! seaside alder, Alnus maritima – (shrub or small tree of southeastern United States having soft light brown wood)
! white alder, mountain alder, Alnus rhom bifolia – (tree of western United States)
! red alder, Oregon alder, Alnus rubra – (large tree of Pacific coast of North America having hard red wood much used for furniture)
! speckled alder, Alnus rugosa – (common shrub of Canada and northeastern United States having shoots scattered with rust-colored down)
! smooth alder, hazel alder, Alnus serrulata – (common shrub of the eastern United States with smooth bark)
! green alder, Alnus veridis – (shrub of mountainous areas of Europe)
! green alder, Alnus veridis crispa, Alnus crispa – (North American shrub with light green leaves and winged nuts)
! hornbeam – (any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Carpinus)
! European hornbeam, Carpinus betulus – (medium-sized Old World tree with smooth gray bark and beech-like leaves that turn yellow-orange in autumn)
! American hornbeam, Carpinus caroliniana – (tree or large shrub with gray bark and blue-green leaves that turn red-orange in autumn)
! hop hornbeam – (any of several trees resem bling hornbeams with fruiting clusters resem bling hops)
! Old World hop hornbeam, Ostrya carpinifolia – (medium-sized hop hornbeam of southern Europe and Asia Minor)
! Eastern hop hornbeam, ironwood, ironwood tree, Ostrya virginiana – (medium-sized hop hornbeam of eastern North America)
! fringe tree – (any of various small decorative flowering trees or shrubs of the genus Chionanthus)
! fringe bush, Chionanthus virginicus – (small bushy tree of southeastern United States having profuse clusters of white flowers)
! ash, ash tree – (any of various deciduous pinnate-leaved ornamental or timber trees of the genus Fraxinus)
! white ash, Fraxinus Americana – (spreading American ash with leaves pale green or silvery beneath and having hard brownish wood)
! swamp ash, Fraxinus caroliniana – (small ash of swampy areas of southeastern United States)
! flowering ash, Fraxinus cuspidata – (shrubby ash of southwestern United States having fragrant white flowers)
! flowering ash, Fraxinus dipetala – (shrubby California ash with showy off-white flowers)
! European ash, common European ash, Fraxinus excelsior – (tall ash of Europe to the Caucasus having leaves shiny dark-green above and pale downy beneath)
! Oregon ash, Fraxinus latifolia, Fraxinus oregona – (timber tree of western North America yielding hard light wood; closely related to the red ash)
! black ash, basket ash, brown ash, hoop ash, Fraxinus nigra – (vigorous spreading North American tree having dark brown heavy wood; leaves turn gold in autumn)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 40
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! manna ash, flowering ash, Fraxinus ornus – (southern Mediterranean ash having fragrant white flowers in dense panicles and yielding manna)
! red ash, downy ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica – (smallish American tree with velvety branchlets and lower leaf surfaces)
! green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica subintegerrima – (a variety of red ash having glossy branchlets and lower leaf surfaces)
! blue ash, Fraxinus quadrangulata – (ash of central and southern United States with bluish-green foliage and hard brown wood)
! mountain ash, Fraxinus texensis – (low-growing ash of Texas)
! pumpkin ash, Fraxinus tomentosa – (timber tree of central and southeastern United States having hairy branchlets and a swollen trunk base)
! Arizona ash, Fraxinus velutina – (small shrubby ash of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico)
!
!
!
!
devilwood, American olive, Osmanthus am ericanus – (small tree of southern United States having panicles of dull white flowers followed by dark purple fruits)
dhawa, dhava – (an Indian tree of the family Combretaceae that is a source of timber and gum)
button tree, button mangrove, Conocarpus erectus – (evergreen tree or shrub with fruit resembling buttons and yielding heavy hard compact wood)
white mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa – (shrub to moderately large tree that grows in brackish water along the seacoasts of western Africa and tropical America;
locally important as a source of tannin)
! bayberry, bay-rum tree, Jamaica bayberry, wild cinnamon, Pimenta acris – (West Indian tree; source of bay rum)
! gum tree, gum – (any of various trees of the genera Eucalyptus or Liquidambar or Nyssa that are sources of gum)
! liquidambar – (any tree of the genus Liquidambar)
! sweet gum, sweet gum tree, bilsted, red gum, American sweet gum, Liquidam bar styraciflua – (a North American tree of the genus Liquidam bar having prickly
spherical fruit clusters and fragrant sap)
! eucalyptus, eucalypt, eucalyptus tree – (a tree of the genus Eucalyptus)
! flooded gum – (any of several Australian gum trees growing on moist or alluvial soil)
! rose gum, Eucalypt grandis – (very tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales)
! cider gum, Eucalypt gunnii – (small to medium-sized tree of Tasmania)
! forest red gum, Eucalypt tereticornis – (tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales and Victoria)
! mallee – (any of several low-growing Australian eucalypts)
! white mallee, congoo mallee, Eucalyptus dumosa – (small shrubby mallee)
! black mallee, black sally, black gum, Eucalyptus stellulata – (small mallee with rough dark-colored bark toward the butt yielding a red eucalyptus kino)
! stringybark – (any of several Australian eucalypts having fibrous inner bark)
! white stringybark, thin-leaved stringybark, Eucalyptus eugenioides – (stringybark having white wood)
! smoothbark – (any of several Australian eucalypts having the bark smooth except at or near the base of the trunk)
! red gum, peppermint, peppermint gum, Eucalyptus amygdalina – (red gum tree of Tasmania)
! red gum, marri, Eucalyptus calophylla – (very large red gum tree)
! river red gum, river gum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus rostrata – (somewhat crooked red gum tree growing chiefly along rivers; has durable reddish lumber
used in heavy construction)
! mountain swam p gum, Eucalyptus camphora – (medium-sized swam p gum of New South Wales and Victoria)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 41
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! snow gum, ghost gum, white ash, Eucalyptus coriacea, Eucalyptus pauciflora – (small to medium-sized tree of Australia and Tasmania having smooth white to
light-grey bark shedding in patches or strips)
! alpine ash, mountain oak, Eucalyptus delegatensis – (tall timber tree with hard heavy pinkish or light brown wood)
! white mountain ash, Eucalyptus fraxinoides – (large tree with dark compact bark on lower trunk but smooth and white above; yields lumber similar to that of
European or American ashes)
! blue gum, fever tree, Eucalyptus globulus – (tall fast-growing timber tree with leaves containing a medicinal oil; young leaves are bluish)
! swam p gum, Eucalypt ovata – (medium-sized tree of southern Australia)
! spotted gum, Eucalyptus maculata – (large gum tree with mottled bark)
! lemon-scented gum, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus maculata citriodora – (similar to but smaller than the spotted gum and having lemon-scented leaves)
! mountain ash, Eucalyptus regnans – (tree having wood similar to the alpine ash; tallest tree in Australia and tallest hardwood in the world)
! manna gum, Eucalyptus viminalis – (tall tree yielding a false manna)
! tupelo, tupelo tree – (any of several gum trees of swam py areas of North America)
! water gum, Nyssa aquatica – (columnar swam p tree of southeastern to midwestern North America yielding pale soft easily worked wood)
! sour gum, black gum, pepperidge, Nyssa sylvatica – (columnar tree of eastern North America having horizontal limbs and small leaves that emerge late in spring
and have brilliant color in early fall)
! poon – (any of several East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum having shiny leathery leaves and lightweight hard wood)
! Alexandrian laurel, Calophyllum inophyllum – (East Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers; coastal areas southern India to Malaysia)
! calaba, Santa Maria tree, Calophyllum calaba – (West Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers and yielding a durable timber and resinous juice)
! Maria, Calophyllum longifolium – (valuable timber tree of Panama)
! laurelwood, lancewood tree, Calophyllum candidissimum – (tropical American tree; valued for its hard durable wood)
! clusia – (an arom atic tree of the genus Clusia having large white or yellow or pink flowers)
! wild fig, Clusia flava – (a West Indies clusia having fig-shaped fruit)
! rose chestnut, ironwood, ironwood tree, Mesua ferrea – (handsome East Indian evergreen tree often planted as an ornamental for its fragrant white flowers that yield
a perfume; source of very heavy hardwood used for railroad ties)
! souari, souari nut, souari tree, Caryocar nuciferum – (large South American evergreen tree trifoliate leaves and drupes with nut-like seeds used as food and a source
of cooking oil)
! dipterocarp – (tree of the family Dipterocarpaceae)
! red lauan, red lauan tree, Shorea teysmanniana – (valuable Philippine timber tree)
! ketembilla, kitembilla, kitambilla, ketembilla tree, Ceylon gooseberry, Dovyalis hebecarpa – (small shrubby spiny tree cultivated for its maroon-purple fruit with sweet
purple pulp tasking like gooseberries; Sri Lanka and India)
! ketembilla, kitembilla, kitambilla – (maroon-purple gooseberry-like fruit of India having tart-sweet purple pulp used especially for preserves)
! chaulmoogra, chaulmoogra tree, chaulmugra, Hydnocarpus kurzii, Taraktagenos kurzii, Taraktogenos kurzii – (East Indian tree with oily seeds yield chaulmoogra oil
used to treat leprosy)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 42
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Hydnocarpus laurifolia, Hydnocarpus wightiana – (leathery-leaved tree of western India bearing round fruits with brown densely-hairy rind enclosing oily pulp that
yields hydnocarpus oil)
! idesia, Idesia polycarpa – (deciduous round-headed Asiatic tree widely grown in mild climates as an ornamental for its heart-shaped leaves and fragrant yellow-green
flowers followed by hanging clusters of fleshy orange-red berries)
! Australian nettle, Australian nettle tree – (any of several tall Australian trees of the genus Laportea)
! fig tree – (any mordacious tree of the tropical genus Ficus; produces a closed pear-shaped receptacle that becomes fleshy and edible when mature)
! fig, common fig, common fig tree, Ficus carica – (Mediterranean tree widely cultivated for its edible fruit)
! caprifig, Ficus carica sylvestris – (wild variety of the common fig used to facilitate pollination of certain figs)
! golden fig, Florida strangler fig, strangler fig, wild fig, Ficus aurea – (a strangler tree native to southern Florida and West Indies; begins as an epiphyte eventually
developing many trunk-like aerial roots and covering enormous areas)
! banyan, banyan tree, banian, banian tree, Indian banyan, East Indian fig tree, Ficus bengalensis – (East Indian tree that puts out aerial shoots that grow down into
the soil forming additional trunks)
! pipal, pipal tree, pipul, peepul, sacred fig, bo tree, Ficus religiosa – (fig tree of India noted for great size and longevity; lacks the prop roots of the banyan)
! India-rubber tree, India-rubber plant, India-rubber fig, rubber plant, Assam rubber, Ficus elastica – (large tropical Asian tree frequently dwarfed as a houseplant; source
of Assam rubber)
! mistletoe fig, mistletoe rubber plant, Ficus diversifolia, Ficus deltoidea – (shrub or small tree often grown as a houseplant having mistletoe-like foliage)
! Port Jackson fig, rusty rig, little-leaf fig, Botany Bay fig, Ficus rubiginosa – (Australian tree resembling the banyan often planted for ornament; introduced into South
Africa for brushwood)
! sycamore, sycamore fig, mulberry fig, Ficus sycomorus – (thick-branched wide-spreading tree of Africa and adjacent southwestern Asia often buttressed with branches
rising from near the ground; produces cluster of edible but inferior figs on short leafless twigs; the Biblical sycamore)
! elm, elm tree – (any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees)
! winged elm, wing elm, Ulmus alata – (North American elm having twigs and young branches with prom inent corky projections)
! American elm, white elm, water elm, rock elm, Ulmus americana – (large ornamental tree with graceful gradually spreading branches common in eastern North
Am erica)
! sm ooth-leaved elm, European field elm, Ulmus carpinifolia – (European elm with lustrous smooth leaves used as an ornamental)
! cedar elm, Ulmus crassifolia – (elm of southern United States and Mexico having spreading pendulous corky branches)
! witch elm, wych elm, Ulmus glabra – (Eurasian elm often planted as a shade tree)
! Dutch elm, Ulmus hollandica – (any of various hybrid ornamental European shade trees ranging from dwarf to tall)
! Huntingdon elm, Ulmus hollandica vegetata – (erect vigorous hybrid ornamental)
! water elm, Ulmus laevis – (Eurasian elm closely resembling the American elm; thrives in a moist environment)
! Chinese elm, Ulmus parvifolia – (small fast-growing tree native to Asia; widely grown as shelter belts and hedges)
! English elm, European elm, Ulmus procera – (broad spreading rough-leaved elm common throughout Europe and planted elsewhere)
! Siberian elm, Chinese elm, dwarf elm, Ulmus pumila – (fast-growing shrubby Asian tree naturalized in United States for shelter or ornament)
! slippery elm, red elm, Ulmus rubra – (North American elm having rough leaves that are red when opening; yields a hard wood)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 43
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Jersey elm, guernsey elm, wheately elm, Ulmus sarniensis, Ulmus campestris sarniensis, Ulmus campestris wheatleyi – (a variety of the English elm with erect branches
and broader leaves)
! September elm, red elm, Ulmus serotina – (autumn-flowering elm of southeastern United States)
! rock elm, Ulmus thomasii – (tall widely distributed elm of eastern North America)
! hackberry, nettle tree – (any of various trees of the genus Celtis having inconspicuous flowers and small berrylike fruits)
! European hackberry, Mediterranean hackberry, Celtis australis – (bright green deciduous shade tree of southern Europe)
! American hackberry, Celtis occidentalis – (large deciduous shade tree of southern United States with small deep purple berries)
! sugarberry, Celtis laevigata – (deciduous shade tree with small black berries; southern United States; yields soft yellowish wood)
! cabbage tree, grass tree, Cordyline australis – (elegant tree having either a single trunk or a branching trunk each with terminal clusters of long narrow leaves and large
panicles of fragrant white, yellow or red flowers; New Zealand)
! bonduc, bonduc tree, Caesalpinia bonduc, Caesalpinia bonducella – (tropical tree with large prickly pods of seeds that resemble beans and are used for jewelry and
rosaries)
! divi-divi, Caesalpinia coriaria – (small thornless tree or shrub of tropical America whose seed pods are a source of tannin)
! brazilwood, peachwood, pernambuco wood, Caesalpinia echinata – (tropical tree with prickly trunk; its heavy red wood yields a red dye and is used for cabinetry)
! brazilian ironwood, Caesalpinia ferrea – (thornless tree yielding heavy wood)
! shingle tree, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius – (East Indian timber tree with hard durable wood used especially for tea boxes)
! msasa, Brachystegia speciformis – (small shrubby African tree having compound leaves and racemes of small fragrant green flowers)
! cassia – (any of various trees or shrubs of the genus Cassia having pinnately compound leaves and usually yellow flowers followed by long seedpods)
! golden shower tree, drumstick tree, purging cassia, pudding pipe tree, canafistola, canafistula, Cassia fistula – (deciduous or semi-evergreen tree having scented sepia
to yellow flowers in drooping racemes and pods whose pulp is used medicinally; tropical Asia and Central and South America and Australia)
! pink shower, pink shower tree, horse cassia, Cassia grandis – (tropical American semi-evergreen tree having erect racemes of pink or rose-colored flowers; used as
an ornamental)
! rainbow shower, Cassia javonica – (deciduous ornamental hybrid of southeastern Asia and Hawaii having racemes of flowers ranging in color from cream to orange
and red)
! horse cassia, Cassia roxburghii, Cassia marginata – (East Indian tree having long pods containing a black cathartic pulp used as a horse medicine)
! locust tree, locust – (any of various hard-wooded trees of the family Leguminosae)
! courbaril, Hymenaea courbaril – (West Indian locust tree having pinnate leaves and panicles of large white or purplish flowers; yields very hard tough wood)
! water locust, swam p locust, Gleditsia aquatica – (honey locust of swam ps and bottom lands of southern United States having short oval pods; yields dark heavy wood)
! honey locust, Gleditsia triacanthos – (tall usually spiny North American tree having small greenish-white flowers in drooping racemes followed by long twisting seed
pods; yields very hard durable reddish-brown wood; introduced to temperate Old World)
! black locust, yellow locust, Robinia pseudoacacia – (large thorny tree of eastern and central United States having pinnately compound leaves and drooping racemes
of white flowers; widely naturalized in many varieties in temperate regions)
! clammy locust, Robinia viscosa – (small rough-barked locust of southeastern United States having racemes of pink flowers and glutinous branches and seeds)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 44
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Kentucky coffee tree, bonduc, chicot, Gymnocladus dioica – (handsome tree of central and eastern North America having large bipinnate leaves and green-white flowers
followed by large woody brown pods whose seeds are used as a coffee substitute)
! palo verde, Parkinsonia florida, Cercidium floridum – (densely branched spiny tree of southwestern United States having showy yellow flowers and blue-green bark;
sometimes placed in genus Cercidium)
! angelim, andelmin – (any of several tropical American trees of the genus Andira)
! cabbage bark, cabbage-bark tree, cabbage tree, Andira inermis – (tree with shaggy unpleasant-smelling toxic bark and yielding strong durable wood; bark and seeds
used as a purgative and vermifuge and narcotic)
! camwood, African sandalwood, Baphia nitida – (small shrubby African tree with hard wood used as a dyewood yielding a red dye)
! dhak, dak, palas, Butea frondosa, Butea monosperma – (East Indian tree bearing a profusion of intense vermilion velvet-textured blooms and yielding a yellow dye)
! rosewood, rosewood tree – (any of those hardwood trees of the genus Dalbergia that yield rosewood--valuable cabinet woods of a dark red or purplish color streaked
and variegated with black)
! Indian blackwood, East Indian rosewood, East India rosewood, Indian rosewood, Dalbergia latifolia – (East Indian tree having a useful dark purple wood)
! Brazilian rosewood, caviuna wood, jacaranda, Dalbergia nigra – (an important Brazilian timber tree yielding a heavy hard dark-colored wood streaked with black)
! Honduras rosewood, Dalbergia stevensonii – (Central American tree yielding a valuable dark streaked rosewood)
! sissoo, sissu, sisham, Dalbergia sissoo – (East Indian tree whose leaves are used for fodder; yields a compact dark brown durable timber used in shipbuilding and making
railroad ties)
! kingwood, kingwood tree, Dalbergia cearensis – (Brazilian tree yielding a handsome cabinet wood)
! cocobolo, Dalbergia retusa – (a valuable timber tree of tropical South America)
! blackwood, blackwood tree – (any of several hardwood trees yielding very dark-colored wood)
! lightwood, Acacia melanoxylon – (tall Australian acacia yielding highly valued black timber)
! logwood, logwood tree, campeachy, bloodwood tree, Haematoxylum campechianum – (spiny shrub or small tree of Central America and West Indies having
bipinnate leaves and racemes of small bright yellow flowers and yielding a hard brown or brownish-red heartwood used in preparing a black dye)
! black mangrove, Avicennia marina – (a mangrove of the West Indies and the southern Florida coast; occurs in dense thickets and has numerous short roots that bend
up from the ground)
! coral tree, erythrina – (any of various shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Erythrina having trifoliate leaves and racemes of scarlet to coral red flowers and black seeds;
cultivated as an ornamental)
! kaffir boom, Cape kafferboom, Erythrina caffra – (small semi-evergreen broad-spreading tree of eastern South Africa with orange-scarlet flowers and small coral-red
seeds; yields a light soft wood used for fence posts or shingles)
! coral bean tree, Erythrina corallodendrum – (deciduous shrub having racemes of deep scarlet-red flowers and black-spotted red seeds)
! ceibo, crybaby tree, cry-baby tree, common coral tree, Erythrina crista-galli – (small South American spiny tree with dark crimson and scarlet flowers solitary or
clustered)
! kaffir boom , Transvaal kafferboom, Erythrina lysistemon – (small semi-evergreen of South Africa having dense clusters of clear scarlet flowers and red seeds)
! Indian coral tree, Erythrina variegata, Erythrina Indica – (small to medium-sized thorny tree of tropical Asia and northern Australia having dense clusters of scarlet
or crimson flowers and black seeds)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 45
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! cork tree, Erythrina vespertilio – (prickly Australian coral tree having soft spongy wood)
! gliricidia – (any of several small deciduous trees valued for their dark wood and dense racemes of nectar-rich pink flowers grown in great profusion on arching branches;
roots and bark and leaves and seeds are poisonous)
! millettia – (any of several tropical trees or shrubs yielding showy streaked dark reddish or chocolate-colored wood)
! tolu tree, tolu balsam tree, Myroxylon balsamum, Myroxylon toluiferum – (medium-sized tropical American tree yielding tolu balsam and a fragrant hard wood used
for high-grade furniture and cabinetwork)
! Peruvian balsam, Myroxylon pereirae, Myroxylon balsamum pereirae – (tree of South and Central America yielding an aromatic balsam)
! necklace tree – (a tree of the genus Ormosia having seeds used as beads)
! bead tree, jumby bean, jumby tree, Ormosia monosperma – (small tree of West Indies and northeastern Venezuela having large oblong slender-pointed leaflets and
panicles of purple flowers; seeds are black or scarlet with black spots)
! jumby bead, jumbie bead, Ormosia coarctata – (West Indian tree similar to Ormosia monosperma but larger and having smaller leaflets and smaller seeds)
! Jamaica dogwood, fish fuddle, Piscidia piscipula, Piscidia erythrina – (small tree of West Indies and Florida having large odd-pinnate leaves and panicles of red-striped
purple to white flowers followed by decorative curly winged seedpods; yields fish poisons)
! quira – (any of several tropical American trees some yielding economically important timber)
! roble, Platymiscium trinitatis – (large tree of Trinidad and Guyana having odd-pinnate leaves and violet-scented axillary racemes of yellow flowers and long sm ooth
pods; grown as a specimen in parks and large gardens)
! Panama redwood tree, Panama redwood, Platymiscium pinnatum – (large erect shrub of Columbia having large odd-pinnate leaves with large leaflets and axillary
racemes of fragrant yellow flowers)
! Indian beech, Pongamia glabra – (evergreen Asiatic tree having glossy pinnate leaves and racemose creamy-white scented flowers; used as a shade tree)
! bloodwood tree, kiaat, Pterocarpus angolensis – (deciduous South African tree having large odd-pinnate leaves and profuse fragrant orange-yellow flowers; yields a
red juice and heavy strong durable wood)
! padauk, padouk, amboyna, Pterocarpus indicus – (tree native to southeastern Asia having reddish wood with a mottled or striped black grain)
! Burm a padauk, Burm ese rosewood, Pterocarpus macrocarpus – (tree of India and Burm a yielding a wood resembling mahogany)
! kino, Pterocarpus marsupium – (East Indian tree yielding a resin or extract often used medicinally and in e.g. tanning)
! red sandalwood, red sanders, red sanderswood, red saunders, Pterocarpus santalinus – (tree of India and East Indies yielding a hard fragrant timber prized for
cabinetwork and dark red heartwood used as a dyewood)
! carib wood, Sabinea carinalis – (small Dom inican tree bearing masses of large crimson flowers before the fine pinnate foliage emerges)
! scarlet wisteria tree, vegetable hummingbird, Sesbania grandiflora – (soft-wooded tree with lax racemes of usually red or pink flowers; tropical Australia and Asia;
naturalized in southern Florida and West Indies)
! Japanese pagoda tree, Chinese scholartree, Chinese scholar tree, Sophora japonica, Sophora sinensis – (handsome round-headed deciduous tree having compound
dark green leaves and profuse panicles of fragrant creamy-white flowers; China and Japan)
! mescal bean, coral bean, frijolito, frijolillo, Sophora secundiflora – (shrub or small tree having pinnate leaves poisonous to livestock and dense racemes of intensely
fragrant blue flowers and red beans)
! kowhai, Sophora tetraptera – (shrub or small tree of New Zealand and Chile having pendulous racemes of tubular golden-yellow flowers; yields a hard strong wood)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 46
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! tipu, tipu tree, yellow jacaranda, pride of Bolivia – (semi-evergreen South American tree with odd-pinnate leaves and golden yellow flowers cultivated as an ornamental)
! keurboom , Virgilia capensis, Virgilia oroboides – (tree with odd-pinnate leaves and racemes of fragrant pink to purple flowers)
! keurboom, Virgilia divaricata – (fast-growing round-headed tree with fragrant white to deep rose flowers; planted as an ornamental)
! palm, palm tree – (any plant of the family Palmae)
! sago palm – (any of various tropical Asian palm trees the trunks of which yield sago)
! sugar palm, gomuti, gomuti palm, Arenga pinnata – (Malaysian feather palm with base densely clothed with fibers; yields a sweet sap used in wine and trunk pith
yields sago)
! wine palm, jaggery palm, kitul, kittul, kitul tree, toddy alm, Caryota urens – (fishtail palm of India to Malay Peninsula; sap yields a brown sugar (jaggery) and trunk
pith yields sago)
! true sago palm, Metroxylon sagu – (Malaysian palm whose pithy trunk yields sago--a starch used as a food thickener and fabric stiffener; Malaya to Fiji)
! feather palm – (palm having pinnate or featherlike leaves)
! coyol, coyol palm, Acrocomia vinifera – (tropical American palm having edible nuts and yielding a useful fiber)
! grugru, gri-gri, grugru palm, macamba, Acrocom ia aculeata – (tropical American feather palm having a swollen spiny trunk and edible nuts)
! areca – (any of several tall tropical palms native to southeastern Asia having egg-shaped nuts)
! betel palm, Areca catechu – (southeastern Asian palm bearing betel nuts (scarlet or orange single-seeded fruit with a fibrous husk))
! piassava palm, pissaba palm, Bahia piassava, bahia coquilla, Attalea funifera – (Brazilian palm yielding fibers used in making ropes, mats, and brushes)
! wax palm, Ceroxylon andicola, Ceroxylon alpinum – (palm of the Andes yielding a resinous wax which is mixed with tallow to m ake candles)
! oil palm – (pinnate-leaved palms of the genus Elaeis having dense clusters of crowded flowers and bright red fruit and yielding high quality palm oils)
! African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis – (oil palm of Africa)
! American oil palm, Elaeis oleifera – (palm of Central and South America)
! babassu, babassu palm, coco de macao, Orbignya phalerata, Orbignya spesiosa, Orbignya martiana – (tall feather palm of northern Brazil with hard-shelled nuts
yielding valuable oil and a kind of vegetable ivory)
! cohune palm, Orbignya cohune, cohune – (tropical American feather palm whose large nuts yield valuable oil and a kind of vegetable ivory)
! date palm, Phoenix dactylifera – (tall tropical feather palm tree native to Syria bearing sweet edible fruit)
! ivory palm, ivory-nut palm, ivory plant, Phytelephas macrocarpa – (a stemless palm tree of Brazil and Peru bearing ivory nuts)
! fan palm – (palm having palmate or fan-shaped leaves)
! palmetto – (any of several low-growing palms with fan-shaped leaves)
! cabbage palmetto, cabbage palm, Sabal palmetto – (low-growing fan-leaved palm of coastal southern United States having edible leaf buds)
! palmyra, palmyra palm, toddy palm, wine palm, lontar, longar palm, Borassus flabellifer – (tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood
and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving)
! carnauba, carnauba palm, wax palm, Copernicia prunifera, Copernicia cerifera – (Brazilian fan palm having an edible root; source of a useful leaf fiber and a brittle
yellowish wax)
! caranday, caranda, caranda palm, wax palm, Copernicia australis, Copernicia alba – (South American palm yielding a wax similar to carnauba wax)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 47
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! gebang palm, Corypha utan, Corypha gebanga – (large-leaved palm of Malay to Philippines and northern Australia; leaves used for thatching or plaiting into
containers)
! talipot, talipot palm, Corypha umbraculifera – (tall palm of southern India and Sri Lanka with gigantic leaves used as umbrellas and fans or cut into strips for writing
paper)
! saw palmetto, scrub palmetto, Serenoa repens – (small hardy clump-forming spiny palm of southern United States)
! thatch palm, thatch tree, silver thatch, broom palm, Thrinax parviflora – (small palm of southern Florida and West Indies closely resembling the silvertop palmetto)
! key palm, silvertop palmetto, silver thatch, Thrinax microcarpa, Thrinax morrisii, Thrinax keyensis – (small stocky fan palm of southern Florida and Cuba)
! calamus – (any tropical Asian palm of the genus Calamus; light tough stems are a source of rattan canes)
! rattan, rattan palm, Calamus rotang – (climbing palm of Sri Lanka and southern India remarkable for the great length of the stems which are used for Malacca canes)
! lawyer cane, Calamus australis – (tall scrambling spiny palm of northeastern Queensland Australia)
! fishtail palm – (attractive East Indian palm having distinctive bipinnate foliage)
! coconut, coconut palm, coco palm, coco, cocoa palm, coconut tree, Cocos nucifera – (tall palm tree bearing coconuts as fruits; widely planted throughout the tropics)
! corozo, corozo palm – (any of several tropical American palms bearing corozo nuts)
! cabbage palm, Euterpe oleracea – (Brazilian palm of genus Euterpe whose leaf buds are eaten like cabbage when young)
! cabbage palm, cabbage tree, Livistona australis – (Australian palm with leaf buds that are edible when young)
! nipa palm, Nipa fruticans – (any creeping semiaquatic feather palm of the genus Nipa found in mangrove swamps and tidal estuaries; its sap is used for a liquor;
leaves are used for thatch; fruit has edible seeds)
! raffia palm, Raffia farinifera, Raffia ruffia – (a large feather palm of Africa and Madagascar having very long pinnatisect fronds yielding a strong com mercially
important fiber from its leafstalks)
! jupati, jupaty, jupati palm, Raffia taedigera – (a tall Brazilian feather palm with a terminal crown of very large leathery pinnatisect leaves rising from long strong
stems used for structural purposes)
! bamboo palm, Raffia vinifera – (a palm of the genus Raffia)
! lady palm – (any of several small palms of the genus Rhapis; cultivated as houseplants)
! miniature fan palm, bamboo palm, fern rhapis, Rhapis excelsa – (small graceful palm with reed-like stems and leaf bases clothed with loose coarse fibers)
! reed rhapis, slender lady palm, Rhapis humilis – (Chinese lady palm with more slender stems and finer sheath fibers than Rhapis excelsa)
! royal palm, Roystonea regia – (tall feather palm of southern Florida and Cuba)
! cabbage palm, Roystonea oleracea – (West Indian palm with leaf buds that are edible when young)
! dagame, lemonwood tree, Calycophyllum candidissimum – (source of a tough elastic wood)
! coffee, coffee tree – (any of several small trees and shrubs native to the tropical Old World yielding coffee beans)
! Arabian coffee, Coffea arabica – (shrubby tree of northeastern tropical Africa widely cultivated in tropical or near tropical regions for its seed which form most of
the commercial coffee)
! Liberian coffee, Coffea liberica – (small tree of West Africa)
! robusta coffee, Rio Nunez coffee, Coffea robusta, Coffea canephora – (native to West Africa but grown in Java and elsewhere; resistant to coffee rust)
! cinchona, chinchona – (any of several trees of the genus Cinchona)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 48
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Cartagena bark, Cinchona cordifolia, Cinchona lancifolia – (Colombian tree; source of Cartagena bark (a cinchona bark))
! calisaya, Cinchona officinalis, Cinchona ledgeriana, Cinchona calisaya – (Peruvian shrub or small tree having large glossy leaves and cymes of fragrant yellow to
green or red flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark)
! cinchona tree, Cinchona pubescens – (small tree of Ecuador and Peru having very large glossy leaves and large panicles of fragrant pink flowers; cultivated for its
medicinal bark)
! opepe, Nauclea diderrichii, Sarcocephalus diderrichii – (large African forest tree yielding a strong hard yellow to golden brown lumber; sometimes placed in genus
Sarcocephalus)
! lemonwood, lemonwood tree, Psychotria capensis – (South African evergreen having hard tough wood)
! wild medlar, wild medlar tree, medlar, Vangueria infausta – (small deciduous tree of southern Africa having edible fruit)
! Spanish tamarind, Vangueria madagascariensis – (shrubby tree of Madagascar occasionally cultivated for its edible apple-shaped fruit)
! incense tree – (any of various tropical trees of the family Burseraceae yielding fragrant gums or resins that are burned as incense)
! elephant tree, Bursera microphylla – (small spicy-odored tree or shrub of southwestern United States having odd-pinnate leaves and small clusters of white flowers)
! gumbo-limbo, Bursera simaruba – (tropical American tree yielding a reddish resin used in cem ents and varnishes)
! Boswellia carteri – (tree yielding an aromatic gum resin burned as incense)
! salai, Boswellia serrata – (East Indian tree yielding a resin used medicinally and burned as incense)
! balm of gilead, Commiphora meccanensis – (small evergreen tree of Africa and Asia; leaves have a strong aromatic odor when bruised)
! myrrh tree, Commiphora myrrha – (tree of eastern Africa and Asia yielding myrrh)
! Protium heptaphyllum – (tropical American tree)
! Protium guianense – (tropical American tree)
! mahogany, mahogany tree – (any of various tropical timber trees of the family Meliaceae especially the genus Swietinia valued for their hard yellowish- to reddish-brown
wood that is readily worked and takes a high polish)
! Spanish cedar, Spanish cedar tree, Cedrela odorata – (tropical American tree yielding fragrant wood used especially for boxes)
! African scented mahogany, cedar mahogany, sapele mahogany, Entandrophragma cylindricum – (African tree having rather lightweight cedar-scented wood varying
in color from pink to reddish brown)
! African mahogany – (African tree having hard heavy odorless wood)
! true mahogany, Cuban mahogany, Dom inican mahogany, Swietinia mahogani – (mahogany tree of West Indies)
! Honduras mahogany, Swietinia macrophylla – (an important Central American mahogany tree)
! Philippine mahogany, Philippine cedar, kalantas, Toona calantas, Cedrela calantas – (Philippine timber tree having hard red fragrant wood)
! hardtack – (a mountain mahogany)
! chinaberry, chinaberry tree, China tree, Persian lilac, pride-of-India, azederach, azedarach, Melia azederach, Melia azedarach – (tree of northern India and China having
purple blossoms and small inedible yellow fruits; naturalized in the southern United States as a shade tree)
! neem, neem tree, nim tree, margosa, arishth, Azadirachta indica, Melia Azadirachta – (large semi-evergreen tree of East India; trunk exudes a tenacious gum; bitter
bark used as a tonic; seeds yield an aromatic oil; sometimes placed in genus Melia)
! satinwood, satinwood tree, Chloroxylon swietenia – (East Indian tree with valuable hard lustrous yellowish wood;)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 49
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! satinwood – (hard yellowish wood of a satinwood tree having a satiny luster; used for fine cabinetwork and tools)
! silver ash – (any of various timber trees of the genus Flindersia)
! native beech, flindosa, flindosy, Flindersia australis – (tall Australian timber tree yielding tough hard wood used for staves etc)
! bunji-bunji, Flindersia schottiana – (Australian timber tree whose bark yields a poison)
! lanseh tree, langsat, langset, Lansium domesticum – (East Indian tree bearing an edible yellow berry)
! African walnut, Lovoa klaineana – (tropical African timber tree with mahogany-like wood)
! turreae – (any of numerous trees and shrubs grown for their beautiful glossy foliage and sweetly fragrant starry flowers)
! lepidobotrys – (African tree often classified in other families; similar to the Costa Rican caracolito in wood structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds)
! caracolito, Ruptiliocarpon caracolito – (large Costa Rican mahogony-like tree having light-colored wood suitable for cabinetry; similar to the African lepidobotrys in wood
structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds; often classified in other families)
! cork tree, Phellodendron amurense – (deciduous tree of China and Manchuria having a turpentine aroma and handsome compound leaves turning yellow in autumn
and deeply fissured corky bark)
! trifoliate orange, trifoliata, wild orange, Poncirus trifoliata – (small fast-growing spiny deciduous Chinese orange tree bearing sweetly scented flowers and decorative
but inedible fruit: used as a stock in grafting and for hedges)
! prickly ash – (any of a number of trees or shrubs of the genus Zanthoxylum having spiny branches)
! toothache tree, sea ash, Zanthoxylum americanum, Zanthoxylum fraxineum – (small deciduous aromatic shrub (or tree) having spiny branches and yellowish flowers;
eastern North America)
! Hercules'-club, Hercules'-clubs, Hercules-club, Zanthoxylum clava-herculis – (densely spiny ornamental of southeastern United States and West Indies)
! bitterwood tree – (any of various trees or shrubs of the family Simaroubaceae having wood and bark with a bitter taste)
! marupa, Simarouba amara – (tree of the Amazon valley yielding a light brittle timber locally regarded as resistant to insect attack)
! paradise tree, bitterwood, Simarouba glauca – (medium to large tree of tropical North and South America having odd-pinnate leaves and long panicles of small pale
yellow flowers followed by scarlet fruits)
! Jamaica quassia, bitterwood, Picrasma excelsa, Picrasma excelsum – (West Indian tree yielding the drug Jamaica quassia)
! quassia, bitterwood, Quassia amara – (handsome South American shrub or small tree having bright scarlet flowers and yielding a valuable fine-grained yellowish
wood; yields the bitter drug quassia from its wood and bark)
! pepper tree, Kirkia wilmsii – (small African deciduous tree with spreading crown having leaves clustered toward ends of branches and lilac-like clusters of creamy flowers)
! willow, willow tree – (any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix)
! osier – (any of various willows having pliable twigs used in basketry and furniture)
! golden willow, Salix alba vitellina, Salix vitellina – (European willow having grayish leaves and yellow-orange twigs used in basketry)
! almond willow, black Hollander, Salix triandra, Salix amygdalina – (Old World willow with light green leaves cultivated for use in basketry)
! purple willow, red willow, red osier, basket willow, purple osier, Salix purpurea – (Eurasian osier having reddish or purple twigs and bark rich in tannin)
! common osier, hemp willow, velvet osier, Salix viminalis – (willow with long flexible twigs used in basketry)
! white willow, Huntingdon willow, Salix alba – (large willow tree of Eurasia and North Africa having grayish canescent leaves and gray bark)
! silver willow, silky willow, Salix alba sericea, Salix sericea – (North American willow with grayish silky pubescent leaves that usually blacken in drying)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 50
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! cricket-bat willow, Salix alba caerulea – (Eurasian willow tree having grayish leaves and ascending branches)
! arctic willow, Salix arctica – (low creeping shrub of Arctic Europe and America)
! weeping willow, Babylonian weeping willow, Salix babylonica – (willow with long drooping branches and slender leaves native to China; widely cultivated as an
ornamental)
! Wisconsin weeping willow, Salix pendulina, Salix blanda, Salix pendulina blanda – (hybrid willow usually not strongly weeping in habit)
! pussy willow, Salix discolor – (small willow of eastern North America having grayish leaves and silky catkins that come before the leaves)
! sallow – (any of several Old World shrubby broad-leaved willows having large catkins; some are important sources for tanbark and charcoal)
! goat willow, florist's willow, pussy willow, Salix caprea – (much-branched Old World willow having large catkins and relatively large broad leaves)
! peachleaf willow, peach-leaved willow, almond-leaves willow, Salix amygdaloides – (willow of the western United States with leaves like those of peach or almond
trees)
! hoary willow, sage willow, Salix candida – (North American shrub with whitish canescent leaves)
! crack willow, brittle willow, snap willow, Salix fragilis – (large willow tree with stiff branches that are easily broken)
! prairie willow, Salix humilis – (slender shrubby willow of dry areas of North America)
! dwarf willow, Salix herbacea – (widely distributed boreal shrubby willow with partially underground creeping stems and bright green glossy leaves)
! gray willow, Salix cinerea – (Eurasian shrubby willow with whitish tomentose twigs)
! arroyo willow, Salix lasiolepis – (shrubby willow of the western United States)
! shining willow, Salix lucida – (common North American shrub with shiny lanceolate leaves)
! swamp willow, black willow, Salix nigra – (North American shrubby willow having dark bark and linear leaves growing close to streams and lakes)
! bay willow, laurel willow, Salix pentandra – (European willow tree with shining leathery leaves; widely naturalized in the eastern United States)
! balsam willow, Salix pyrifolia – (small shrubby tree of eastern North America having leaves exuding an odor of balsam when crushed)
! creeping willow, Salix repens – (small trailing bush of Europe and Asia having straggling branches with silky green leaves of which several varieties are cultivated)
! Sitka willow, silky willow, Salix sitchensis – (small shrubby tree of western North America (Alaska to Oregon))
! dwarf gray willow, sage willow, Salix tristis – (willow shrub of dry places in the eastern United States having long narrow leaves canescent beneath)
! bearberry willow, Salix uva-ursi – (dwarf prostrate mat-forming shrub of arctic and alpine regions of North America and Greenland having deep green elliptic leaves
that taper toward the base)
! sandalwood tree, true sandalwood, Santalum album – (Indo-Malayan parasitic tree having fragrant close-grained yellowish heartwood with insect-repelling properties
and used for e.g. chests)
! quandong, quandang, quandong tree, Eucarya acuminata, Fusanus acuminatus – (Australian tree with edible flesh and edible nut-like seed)
! soapberry, soapberry tree – (a tree of the genus Sapindus whose fruit is rich in saponin)
! wild China tree, Sapindus drummondii, Sapindus marginatus – (deciduous tree of southwestern United States having pulpy fruit containing saponin)
! China tree, false dogwood, jaboncillo, chinaberry, Sapindus saponaria – (evergreen of tropical America having pulpy fruit containing saponin which was used as
soap by native Americans)
! aroeira blanca, Schinus chichita – (small resinous tree or shrub of Brazil)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 51
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! pepper tree, molle, Peruvian mastic tree, Schinus m olle – (small Peruvian evergreen with broad rounded head and slender pendant branches with attractive clusters
of greenish flowers followed by clusters of rose-pink fruits)
! Brazilian pepper tree, Schinus terebinthifolius – (small Brazilian evergreen resinous tree or shrub having dark green leaflets and white flowers followed by bright red
fruit; used as a street tree and lawn specimen)
ebony, Diospyros ebenum – (tropical tree of southern Asia having hard dark-colored heartwood used in cabinetwork)
marblewood, Andaman marble, Andaman marble, Diospyros kurzii – (large Asiatic tree having hard marbled zebrawood)
balata, balata tree, beefwood, bully tree, Manilkara bidentata – (a hard-wooded tropical tree yielding balata gum and heavy red timber)
gutta-percha tree, Palaquium gutta – (East Indian tree yielding gutta-percha)
gutta-percha tree – (East Indian tree yielding gutta-percha)
marmalade tree, mammee, sapote, Pouteria zapota, Calocarpum zapota – (tropical American tree having wood like mahogany and sweet edible egg-shaped fruit; in
some classifications placed in the genus Calocarpum)
! Christmas bush, Christmas tree, Ceratopetalum gummiferum – (Australian tree or shrub with red flowers; often used in Christmas decoration)
! plane tree, sycamore, platan – (any of several trees of the genus Platanus having thin pale bark that scales off in small plates and lobed leaves and ball-shaped heads
of fruits)
! London plane, Platanus acerifolia – (very large fast-growing tree much planted as a street tree)
! American sycamore, American plane, buttonwood, Platanus occidentalis – (very large spreading plane tree of eastern and central North America to Mexico)
! oriental plane, Platanus orientalis – (large tree of southeastern Europe to Asia Minor)
! California sycamore, Platanus racemosa – (tall tree of Baja California having deciduous bark and large alternate palmately lobed leaves and ball-like clusters of
flowers)
! Arizona sycamore, Platanus wrightii – (medium-sized tree of Arizona and adjacent regions having deeply lobed leaves and collective fruits in groups of 3 to 5)
! calabash, calabash tree, Crescentia cujete – (tropical American evergreen that produces large round gourds)
! princewood, Spanish elm, Cordia gerascanthus – (tropical American timber tree)
! white mangrove, Avicennia officinalis – (a small to medium-sized tree growing in brackish water especially along the shores of the southwestern Pacific)
! black mangrove, Aegiceras majus – (an Australian tree resembling the black mangrove of the West Indies and Florida)
! teak, Tectona grandis – (tall East Indian timber tree now planted in western Africa and tropical America for its hard durable wood)
! bean tree – (any of several trees having seedpods as fruits)
! tonka bean, tonka bean tree, Coum arouna odorata, Dipteryx odorata – (tall tropical South American tree having pulpy egg-shaped pods of fragrant black
almond-shaped seeds used for flavoring)
! carob, carob tree, carob bean tree, algarroba, Ceratonia siliqua – (evergreen Mediterranean tree with edible pods; the biblical carob)
! tamarind, tamarind tree, tamarindo, Tamarindus indica – (long-lived tropical evergreen tree with a spreading crown and feathery evergreen foliage and fragrant
flowers yielding hard yellowish wood and long pods with edible chocolate-colored acidic pulp)
! Moreton Bay chestnut, Australia chestnut – (Australian tree having pinnate leaves and orange-yellow flowers followed by large woody pods containing 3 or 4 seeds
that resemble chestnuts; yields dark strong wood)
! catalpa, Indian bean – (tree of the genus Catalpa with large leaves and white flowers followed by long slender pods)
!
!
!
!
!
!
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 52
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Catalpa bignioides – (catalpa tree of southern United States)
! Catalpa speciosa – (catalpa tree of central United States)
!
!
!
!
pollard – (a tree with limbs cut back to promote a more bushy growth of foliage)
sapling – (young tree)
shade tree – (a tree planted or valued chiefly for its shade from sunlight)
gymnospermous tree – (any tree of the division Gymnospermophyta)
! gnetum, Gnetum gnemon – (small tropical tree with tiered branches and divaricate branchlets having broad glossy dark green leaves; exploited for its edible young
leaves and seeds that provide a fine flour)
! ginkgo, gingko, maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba – (deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in
cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree)
! conifer, coniferous tree – (any gym nospermous tree or shrub bearing cones)
! pine, pine tree, true pine – (a coniferous tree)
! pinon, pinyon – (any of several low-growing pines of western North America)
! nut pine – (any of several pinons bearing edible nut-like seeds)
! pinon pine, Mexican nut pine, Pinus cembroides – (small 2- or 3-needled pinon of Mexico and southern Texas)
! Rocky mountain pinon, Pinus edulis – (small compact 2-needled pinon of southwestern United States; important as a nut pine)
! single-leaf, single-leaf pine, single-leaf pinyon, Pinus monophylla – (pinon of southwestern United States having solitary needles and often many stems;
important as a nut pine)
! bishop pine, bishop's pine, Pinus m uricata – (2- or 3-needled pinon mostly of northwestern California coast)
! California single-leaf pinyon, Pinus californiarum – (very small tree similar to Rocky mountain pinon but having a single needle per fascicle; similar to Parry's
pinyon in range)
! Parry's pinyon, Pinus quadrifolia, Pinus parryana – (5-needled pinon of southern California and northern Baja California having (sometimes 3- or 4-needled
showing hybridization from Pinus californiarum))
! spruce pine, Pinus glabra – (large 2-needled pine of southeastern United States with light soft wood)
! black pine, Pinus nigra – (large 2-needled timber pine of southeastern Europe)
! pitch pine, northern pitch pine, Pinus rigida – (large 3-needled pine of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada; closely related to the pond pine)
! pond pine, Pinus serotina – (large 3-needled pine of sandy swam ps of southeastern United States; needles longer than those of the northern pitch pine)
! stone pine, umbrella pine, European nut pine, Pinus pinea – (medium-sized 2-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated
for its sweet almond-like seeds)
! Swiss pine, Swiss stone pine, arolla pine, cembra nut tree, Pinus cembra – (large 5-needled European pine; yields cembra nuts and a resinous exudate)
! Swiss mountain pine, mountain pine, dwarf mountain pine, mugho pine, mugo pine, Pinus mugo – (low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green
needles in bunches of two)
! ancient pine, Pinus longaeva – (small slow-growing pine of western United States similar to the bristlecone pine; chocolate brown bark in plates and short needles
in bunches of 5; crown conic but becoming rough and twisted; oldest plant in the world growing to 5000 years in cold semi-desert mountain tops)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 53
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! white pine – (any of several 5-needled pines with white wood and smooth usually light gray bark when young; especially the eastern white pine)
! American white pine, eastern white pine, weymouth pine, Pinus strobus – (tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures
when mature; valued as a timber tree)
! western white pine, silver pine, mountain pine, Pinus monticola – (tall pine of western North America with stout blue-green needles; bark is gray-brown with
rectangular plates when mature)
! southwestern white pine, Pinus strobiformis – (medium-size pine of northwestern Mexico; bark is dark brown and furrowed when mature)
! limber pine, Pinus flexilis – (western North American pine with long needles and very flexible limbs and dark-gray furrowed bark)
! whitebark pine, whitebarked pine, Pinus albicaulis – (small pine of western North America; having smooth gray-white bark and soft brittle wood; similar to limber
pine)
! yellow pine – (any of various pines having yellow wood)
! ponderosa, ponderosa pine, western yellow pine, bull pine, Pinus ponderosa – (common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having
dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature)
! longleaf pine, pitch pine, southern yellow pine, Georgia pine, Pinus palustris – (large 3-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles
and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree)
! shortleaf pine, short-leaf pine, shortleaf yellow pine, Pinus echinata – (large pine of southern United States having short needles in bunches of 2-3 and red-brown
bark when mature)
! Jeffrey pine, Jeffrey's pine, black pine, Pinus jeffreyi – (tall symmetrical pine of western North America having long blue-green needles in bunches of 3 and
elongated cones on spreading somewhat pendulous branches; sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine)
! shore pine, lodgepole, lodgepole pine, spruce pine, Pinus contorta – (shrubby 2-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark
fissured into small squares)
! Sierra lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta murrayana – (tall subspecies of lodgepole pine)
! loblolly pine, frankincense pine, Pinus taeda – (tall spreading 3-needled pine of southeastern United States having reddish-brown fissured bark and a full bushy
upper head)
! jack pine, Pinus banksiana – (slender medium-sized 2-needled pine of eastern North America; with yellow-green needles and scaly gray to red-brown fissured
bark)
! swam p pine – (any of several pines that prefer or endure moist situations such as loblolly pine or longleaf pine)
! red pine, Canadian red pine, Pinus resinosa – (pine of eastern North America having long needles in bunches of two and reddish bark)
! Scotch pine, Scots pine, Scotch fir, Pinus sylvestris – (medium large 2-needled pine of northern Europe and Asia having flaking red-brown bark)
! scrub pine, Virginia pine, Jersey pine, Pinus virginiana – (common small shrubby pine of the eastern United States having straggling often twisted or branches
and short needles in bunches of 2)
! Monterey pine, Pinus radiata – (tall California pine with long needles in bunches of 3, a dense crown, and dark brown deeply fissured bark)
! bristlecone pine, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, Pinus aristata – (small slow-growing upland pine of western United States (Rocky Mountains) having dense
branches with fissured rust-brown bark and short needles in bunches of 5 and thorn-tipped cone scales; among the oldest living things some over 4500 years
old)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 54
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! table-mountain pine, prickly pine, hickory pine, Pinus pungens – (small 2-needled upland pine of the eastern United States (Appalachians) having dark brown
flaking bark and thorn-tipped cone scales)
! knobcone pine, Pinus attenuata – (medium-sized 3-needled pine of United States Pacific coast having a prominent knob on each scale of the cone)
! Japanese red pine, Japanese table pine, Pinus densiflora – (pine native to Japan and Korea having a wide-spreading irregular crown when m ature; grown as
an ornamental)
! Japanese black pine, black pine, Pinus thunbergii – (large Japanese ornamental having long needles in bunches of 2; widely planted in United States because
of its resistance to salt and smog)
! Torrey pine, Torrey's pine, soledad pine, gray-leaf pine, sabine pine, Pinus torreyana – (medium-sized 5-needled pine of southwestern California having long
cylindrical cones)
! larch, larch tree – (any of numerous conifers of the genus Larix all having deciduous needle-like leaves)
! American larch, tamarack, black larch, Larix laricina – (medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown
and rust-brown scaly bark)
! western larch, western tamarack, Oregon larch, Larix occidentalis – (tall larch of western North America have pale green sharply pointed leaves and oblong cones;
an important timber tree)
! subalpine larch, Larix lyallii – (medium-sized larch of North American Rocky Mountains; closely related to Larix occidentalis)
! European larch, Larix decidua – (tall European tree having a slender conic crown, flat needle-like leaves, and hairy cone scales)
! Siberian larch, Larix siberica, Larix russica – (medium-sized larch of northeastern Russia and Siberia having narrowly conic crown and soft narrow bright-green
leaves; used in cultivation)
! golden larch, Pseudolarix amabilis – (Chinese larch-like deciduous conifer with golden yellow leaves)
! fir, fir tree, true fir – (any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas)
! silver fir – (any of various true firs having leaves white or silvery white beneath)
! amabilis fir, white fir, Pacific silver fir, red silver fir, Christmas tree, Abies amabilis – (medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and
branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed)
! European silver fir, Christmas tree, Abies alba – (tall timber tree of central and southern Europe having a regular crown and gray bark)
! white fir, Colorado fir, California white fir, Abies concolor, Abies lowiana – (medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown
and soft wood)
! balsam fir, balm of Gilead, Canada balsam, Abies balsamea – (medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much
used for pulpwood and Christmas trees)
! Fraser fir, Abies fraseri – (small fast-growing but short-lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves)
! lowland fir, lowland white fir, giant fir, grand fir, Abies grandis – (lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep
green leaves)
! Alpine fir, subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa – (medium-tall Rocky Mountain timber tree having a narrow-conic to columnar crown)
! Santa Lucia fir, bristlecone fir, Abies bracteata, Abies venusta – (a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long
spines)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 55
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! cedar, cedar tree, true cedar – (any cedar of the genus Cedrus)
! cedar of Lebanon, Cedrus libani – (cedar of Lebanon and northwestern Syria that attains great age and height)
! deodar, deodar cedar, Himalayan cedar, Cedrus deodara – (tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance
as well as its timber)
! Atlas cedar, Cedrus atlantica – (tall Algerian evergreen of Atlas m ountains with blue-green leaves; widely planted as an ornamental)
! spruce – (any coniferous tree of the genus Picea)
! Norway spruce, Picea abies – (tall pyramidal spruce native to northern Europe having dark green foliage on spreading branches with pendulous branchlets and
long pendulous cones)
! weeping spruce, Brewer's spruce, Picea breweriana – (medium-sized spruce of California and Oregon having pendulous branches)
! Engelmann spruce, Engelmann's spruce, Picea engelmannii – (tall spruce of Rocky Mountains and British Columbia with blue-green needles and acutely conic
crown; wood used for rough lumber and boxes)
! white spruce, Picea glauca – (medium-sized spruce of northeastern North America having short blue-green leaves and slender cones)
! black spruce, Picea mariana, spruce pine – (small spruce of boggy areas of northeastern North America having spreading branches with dense foliage; inferior
wood)
! Siberian spruce, Picea obovata – (tall spruce of northern Europe and Asia; resembles Norway spruce)
! oriental spruce, Picea orientalis – (evergreen tree of the Caucasus and Asia Minor used as an ornamental having pendulous branchlets)
! Colorado spruce, Colorado blue spruce, silver spruce, Picea pungens – (tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar
with lower branches sweeping downward)
! red spruce, eastern spruce, yellow spruce, Picea rubens – (medium-sized spruce of eastern North America; chief lumber spruce of the area; source of pulpwood)
! hemlock, hemlock tree – (an evergreen tree)
! eastern hemlock, Canadian hemlock, spruce pine, Tsuga canadensis – (common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for
pulpwood)
! Carolina hemlock, Tsuga caroliniana – (medium-sized evergreen of southeastern United States having spreading branches and widely diverging cone scales)
! mountain hemlock, black hemlock, Tsuga mertensiana – (large evergreen of western United States; wood much harder than Canadian hemlock)
! western hemlock, Pacific hemlock, west coast hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla – (tall evergreen of western North America; commercially important timber tree)
! douglas fir – (tall evergreen timber tree of western North America having resinous wood and short needles)
! green douglas fir, douglas spruce, douglas pine, douglas hemlock, Oregon fir, Oregon pine, Pseudotsuga menziesii – (lofty douglas fir of northwestern North
America having short needles and egg-shaped cones)
! big-cone spruce, big-cone douglas fir, Pseudotsuga macrocarpa – (douglas fir of California having cones 4-8 inches long)
! Cathaya – (Chinese evergreen conifer discovered in 1955; not yet cultivated elsewhere)
! cedar, cedar tree – (any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resem ble cedars)
! Chilean cedar, Austrocedrus chilensis – (small well-shaped South American evergreen having coppery bark and pretty foliage)
! incense cedar, red cedar, Calocedrus decurrens, Libocedrus decurrens – (tall tree of North American Pacific coast having cypress-like foliage and cinnamon-red
bark)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 56
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! southern white cedar, coast white cedar, Atlantic white cedar, white cypress, white cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides – (slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east
coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae)
! Oregon cedar, Port O rford cedar, Lawson's cypress, Lawson's cedar, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana – (large timber tree of western North America with trunk
diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet)
! yellow cypress, yellow cedar, Nootka cypress, Alaska cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis – (tall evergreen of North American Pacific coast often cultivated for
ornament)
! Japanese cedar, Japan cedar, sugi, Cryptomeria japonica – (tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood)
! incense cedar – (any of several attractive trees of southwestern South America and New Zealand and New Caledonia having glossy evergreen leaves and scented
wood)
! kawaka, Libocedrus plumosa – (New Zealand timber tree resem bling the cypress)
! pahautea, Libocedrus bidwillii, mountain pine – (evergreen tree of New Zealand resembling the kawaka)
! cypress, cypress tree – (any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones)
! gowen cypress, Cupressus goveniana – (small sometimes shrubby tree native to California; often used as an ornamental; in some classification systems includes
the Pygmy cypress and the Santa Cruz cypress)
! pygmy cypress, Cupressus pigmaea, Cupressus goveniana pigmaea – (rare small cypress native to northern California; sometimes considered the same species
as gowen cypress)
! Santa Cruz cypress, Cupressus abramsiana, Cupressus goveniana abramsiana – (rare California cypress taller than but closely related to gowen cypress and
som etimes considered the same species)
! Arizona cypress, Cupressus arizonica – (Arizona timber tree with bluish silvery foliage)
! Guadalupe cypress, Cupressus gualalupensis – (relatively low wide-spreading endemic on Guadalupe Island; cultivated for its bluish foliage)
! Monterey cypress, Cupressus m acrocarpa – (tall California cypress endemic on Monterey Bay; widely used for ornament as well as reforestation and shelter belt
planting)
! Mexican cypress, cedar of Goa, Portuguese cypress, Cupressus lusitanica – (tall spreading evergreen native to Mexico having drooping branches; believed to
have been introduced into Portugal from Goa its Indian territory)
! Italian cypress, Mediterranean cypress, Cupressus sempervirens – (tall Eurasian cypress with thin gray bark and ascending branches)
! King William pine, Athrotaxis selaginoides – (evergreen of Tasmanian mountains having sharp-pointed leaves the curve inward)
! metasequoia, dawn redwood, Metasequoia glyptostrodoides – (large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and sm all
globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China)
! arborvitae – (any of several Asian and North American conifers of the genera Thuja and Thujopsis)
! western red cedar, red cedar, canoe cedar, Thuja plicata – (large valuable arborvitae of northwestern United States)
! American arborvitae, northern white cedar, white cedar, Thuja occidentalis – (small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened
branchlets)
! Oriental arborvitae, Thuja orientalis, Platycladus orientalis – (Asiatic shrub or small tree widely planted in United States and Europe; in some classifications
assigned to its own genus Platycladus)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 57
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! hiba arborvitae, Thujopsis dolobrata – (slow-growing medium-large Japanese evergreen used as an ornamental)
! keteleeria – (Asiatic conifers resem bling firs)
! Wollemi pine – (newly discovered (1994) pine thought to have been long extinct; Australia; genus and species names not yet assigned)
! araucaria – (any of several tall South American or Australian trees with large cones and edible seeds)
! monkey puzzle, chile pine, Araucaria araucana – (large Chilean evergreen conifer having intertwined branches and bearing edible nuts)
! norfolk island pine, Araucaria heterophylla, Araucaria excelsa – (evergreen of Australia and Norfolk Island in the South Pacific)
! new caledonian pine, Araucaria columnaris – (very tall evergreen of New Caledonia and the New Hebrides similar to norfolk island pine)
! bunya bunya, bunya bunya tree, Araucaria bidwillii – (Australian conifer bearing two-inch seeds tasting like roasted chestnuts; among the aborigines the tree
is hereditary property protected by law)
! hoop pine, moreton bay pine, Araucaria cunninghamii – (pine of Australia and New Guinea; yields a valuable light even-textured wood)
! kauri pine, dammar pine – (any of various trees of the genus Agathis; yield dammar resin)
! kauri, kaury, Agathis australis – (tall timber tree of New Zealand having white straight-grained wood)
! amboina pine, amboyna pine, Agathis dammara, Agathis alba – (native to the Moluccas and Philippines; a source of dammar resin)
! dundathu pine, queensland kauri, sm ooth bark kauri, Agathis robusta – (Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight
and softer)
! red kauri, Agathis lanceolata – (New Zealand tree with glossy leaves and scaly reddish-brown bark)
! plum-yew – (any of several yew-like evergreen trees and shrubs of eastern Asia having large seeds enclosed in a fleshy envelope; sometimes cultivated as
ornamentals)
! celery pine – (Australasian evergreen conifer having a graceful head of celery-like foliage com posed of phyllodes borne in the axils of scalelike leaves)
! celery top pine, celery-topped pine, Phyllocladus asplenifolius – (medium-tall celery pine of Tasmania)
! tanekaha, Phyllocladus trichomanoides – (medium-tall celery pine of New Zealand)
! Alpine celery pine, Phyllocladus alpinus – (small shrubby celery pine of New Zealand)
! podocarp – (any S-hemisphere evergreen of the genus Podocarpus having a pulpy fruit with one hard seed)
! yacca, yacca podocarp, Podocarpus coriaceus – (West Indian evergreen with medium to long leaves)
! brown pine, Rockingham podocarp, Podocarpus elatus – (large Australian tree with straight-grained yellow wood that turns brown on exposure)
! cape yellowwood, African yellowwood, Podocarpus elongatus – (South African tree or shrub having a rounded crown)
! totara, Podocarpus totara – (valuable timber tree of New Zealand yielding hard reddish wood used for furniture and bridges and wharves)
! kahikatea, New Zealand Dacryberry, New Zealand white pine, Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, Podocarpus dacrydioides – (New Zealand evergreen valued for its light
!
!
!
!
easily worked wood)
rimu, imou pine, red pine, Dacrydium cupressinum – (tall New Zealand timber tree)
tarwood, Dacrydium colensoi – (New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes)
common sickle pine, Falcatifolium falciforme – (small tropical rain forest tree of Indonesia and Malaysia)
yellow-leaf sickle pine, Falcatifolium taxoides – (rainforest tree or shrub of New Caledonia having a conic crown and pale green sickle-shaped leaves; host species
for the rare parasite yew)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 58
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! tarwood, New Zealand mountain pine, Halocarpus bidwilli, Dacrydium bidwilli – (New Zealand shrub)
! westland pine, silver pine, Lagarostrobus colensoi – (timber tree of New Zealand having shiny white wood)
! huon pine, Lagarostrobus franklinii, Dacrydium franklinii – (Tasmanian timber tree with yellow aromatic wavy-grained wood used for carving and ship building;
sometimes placed in genus Dacrydium)
nagi, Nageia nagi – (medium-sized tree having glossy lanceolate leaves; southern China to Taiwan and southern Japan)
miro, black pine, Prumnopitys ferruginea, Podocarpus ferruginea – (New Zealand conifer)
matai, black pine, Prumnopitys taxifolia, Podocarpus spicata – (New Zealand conifer)
plum-fruited yew, Prumnopitys andina, Prumnopitys elegans – (South American evergreen tree or shrub)
Prince Albert yew, Prince Albert's yew, Saxe-gothea conspicua – (small yew having attractive foliage and partially weeping branches cultivated as an ornamental;
mountains of southern Chile)
! Sundacarpus amara, Prumnopitys amara, Podocarpus amara – (a large fast-growing monoecious tropical evergreen tree having large glossy lanceolate leaves;
of rain forests of Sumatra and Philippines to northern Queensland)
! Japanese umbrella pine, Sciadopitys verticillata – (tall evergreen having a symmetrical spreading crown and needles growing in umbrella-like whorls at ends of twigs)
! yew – (any of numerous evergreen trees or shrubs having red cup-shaped berries and flattened needle-like leaves)
! California nutmeg, nutmeg-yew, Torreya californica – (California evergreen having a fruit resembling a nutmeg but with a strong turpentine flavor)
! stinking cedar, stinking yew, Torrey tree, Torreya taxifolia – (rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when
crushed)
! Old World yew, English yew, Taxus baccata – (predominant yew in Europe; extraordinarily long-lived and slow growing; one of the oldest species in the world)
! Pacific yew, California yew, western yew, Taxus brevifolia – (small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North Am erica; yields fine hard
close-grained wood)
! Japanese yew, Taxus cuspidata – (shrubby hardy evergreen of China and Japan having lustrous dark green foliage; cultivated in the eastern United States)
! Florida yew, Taxus floridana – (small bushy yew of northern Florida having spreading branches and very narrow leaves)
! New Caledonian yew, Austrotaxus spicata – (large yew native to New Caledonia; cultivated in eastern Australia and New Zealand and Hawaii)
! white-berry yew, Pseudotaxus chienii – (yew of southeastern China, differing from the Old World yew in having white berries)
! angiospermous tree, flowering tree – (any tree having seeds and ovules contained in the ovary)
! ilang-ilang, ylang-ylang, Cananga odorata – (evergreen Asian tree with aromatic greenish-yellow flowers yielding a volatile oil; widely grown in the tropics as an
ornamental)
! katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum – (rapidly growing deciduous tree of low mountainsides of China and Japan; grown as an ornamental for its dark blue-green
candy-scented foliage that becomes yellow to scarlet in autumn)
! laurel – (any of various aromatic trees of the laurel family)
! true laurel, bay, bay laurel, bay tree, Laurus nobilis – (small Mediterranean evergreen tree with small blackish berries and glossy aromatic leaves used for flavoring
in cooking; also used by ancient Greeks to crown victors)
! camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora – (large evergreen tree of warm regions whose aromatic wood yields camphor)
!
!
!
!
!
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 59
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon tree, Cinnamomum zeylanicum – (tropical Asian tree with aromatic yellowish-brown bark; source of the spice
cinnamon)
! cassia, cassia-bark tree, Cinnamomum cassia – (Chinese tree with aromatic bark; yields a less desirable cinnamon than Ceylon cinnamon)
! Saigon cinnamon, Cinnamomum loureirii – (tropical southeast Asian tree with aromatic bark; yields a bark used medicinally)
! laurel-tree, red bay, Persea borbonia – (small tree of southern United States having dark red heartwood)
! sassafras, sassafras tree, Sassafras albidum – (yellowwood tree with brittle wood and aromatic leaves and bark; source of sassafras oil; widely distributed in eastern
North America)
! California laurel, California bay tree, Oregon myrtle, pepperwood, spice tree, sassafras laurel, California olive, mountain laurel, Umbellularia californica – (Pacific
coast tree having aromatic foliage and small umbellate flowers followed by olive-like fruit; yields a hard tough wood)
! magnolia – (any shrub or tree of the genus Magnolia; valued for their longevity and exquisite fragrant blooms)
! southern magnolia, evergreen magnolia, large-flowering magnolia, bull bay, Magnolia grandiflora – (evergreen tree of southern United States having large stiff glossy
leaves and huge white sweet-smelling flowers)
! umbrella tree, umbrella magnolia, elkwood, Magnolia tripetala – (small deciduous open-crowned tree of eastern North America having creamy white flowers and
large leaves in umbrella-like formations at ends of branches)
! earleaved umbrella tree, Magnolia fraseri – (small erect deciduous tree with large leaves in whorl-like formations at branch tips)
! cucumber tree, Magnolia acuminata – (American deciduous m agnolia having large leaves and fruit like a sm all cucumber)
! large-leaved magnolia, large-leaved cucumber tree, great-leaved macrophylla, Magnolia macrophylla – (large deciduous shrub or tree of southeastern United States
having huge leaves in dense false whorls and large creamy flowers tinged purple toward the base)
! saucer magnolia, Chinese magnolia, Magnolia soulangiana – (large deciduous shrub or small tree having large open rosy to purplish flowers; native to Asia; prized
as an ornamental in eastern North America)
! star magnolia, Magnolia stellata – (deciduous shrubby magnolia from Japan having fragrant white starlike flowers blooming before leaves unfold; grown as an
ornamental in United States)
! sweet bay, swamp bay, swamp laurel, Magnolia virginiana – (shrub or small tree having rather small fragrant white flowers; abundant in southeastern United States)
! tulip tree, tulip poplar, yellow poplar, canary whitewood, Liriodendron tulipifera – (tall North American deciduous timber tree having large tulip-shaped greenish
yellow flowers and cone-like fruit; yields soft white woods used especially for cabinet work)
! bocconia, tree celandine, Bocconia frutescens – (small Central American tree having loose racemes of purple-tinted green flowers)
! cream-of-tartar tree, sour gourd, Adansonia gregorii – (Australian tree having an agreeably acid gourd-like fruit)
! baobab, monkey-bread tree, Adansonia digitata – (African tree having an exceedingly thick trunk and gourd-like fruit with edible pulp called monkey bread)
! kapok, ceiba tree, silk-cotton tree, white silk-cotton tree, Bom bay ceiba, God tree, Ceiba pentandra – (massive tropical tree with deep ridges on its massive trunk
and bearing large pods of seeds covered with silky floss; source of the silky kapok fiber)
! balsa, Ochrom a lagopus – (forest tree of lowland Central America having a strong very light wood; used for making floats and rafts and in crafts)
! sterculia – (any tree of the genus Sterculia)
! Panama tree, Sterculia apetala – (large deciduous tree native to Panama and from which the country takes its name having densely leafy umbrella-like crown and
naked trunk)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 60
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! kalumpang, Java olives, Sterculia foetida – (large tree of Old World tropics having foul-smelling orange-red blossoms followed by red pods enclosing oil-rich seeds
sometimes used as food)
! red beech, brown oak, booyong, crow's foot, stave wood, silky elm, Heritiera trifoliolata, Terrietia trifoliolata – (large tree of Australasia)
! looking glass tree, Heritiera macrophylla – (large evergreen tree of India and Burma whose leaves are silvery beneath)
! looking-glass plant, Heritiera littoralis – (small tree of coastal regions of Old World tropics whose leaves are silvery beneath)
! cacao, cacao tree, chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao – (tropical American tree producing cacao beans)
! cacao, cocoa bean – (seed of the cacao tree; ground roasted beans are source of chocolate)
! rewa-rewa, New-Zealand honeysuckle – (slender elegant tree of New Zealand having racemes of red flowers and yielding valuable mottled red timber)
! sorrel tree, sourwood, titi, Oxydendrum arboreum – (deciduous shrubby tree of eastern North America having deeply fissured bark and sprays of small fragrant white
flowers and sour-tasting leaves)
irontree, ironwood, ironwood tree – (a small slow-growing deciduous tree of northern Iran having a low domed shape)
bush willow, Com bretum appiculatum – (small deciduous tree of the Transvaal having spikes of yellow flowers)
bush willow, Com bretum erythrophyllum – (small South African tree having creamy yellow fragrant flowers usually growing on stream banks)
Queen's crape myrtle, pride-of-India, Lagerstroemia speciosa – (native to Asia, Australia, and East Indies, where it provides timber called pyinma; used elsewhere
as an ornamental for its large showy flowers)
! myrtaceous tree – (trees and shrubs)
! myrtle – (any evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Myrtus)
! common myrtle, Myrtus communis – (European shrub with white or rosy flowers followed by black berries)
! mangrove, Rhizophora mangle – (a tropical tree or shrub bearing fruit that germinates while still on the tree and having numerous prop roots that eventually form
an impenetrable mass and are important in land building)
! dillenia – (any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of the genus Dillenia grown for their foliage and nodding magnolia-like flowers which are followed by fruit that
is used in curries and jellies and preserves)
! gamboge tree, Garcinia hanburyi, Garcinia cambogia, Garcinia gummi-gutta – (low spreading tree of Indonesia yielding an orange to brown gum resin (gamboge)
used as a pigment when powdered)
! Pipturus albidus – (Hawaiian tree of genus Pipturus having a bark (tapa) from which tapa cloth is made)
! paper mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera – (shrubby Asiatic tree having bark (tapa) that resembles cloth; grown as a shade tree in Europe and America; male flowers
are pendulous catkins and female are urn-shaped followed by small orange-red aggregate berries)
! trumpetwood, trumpet tree, snake wood, imbauba, Cecropia peltata – (tropical American tree with large peltate leaves and hollow stems)
! mountain ebony, orchid tree, Bauhinia variegata – (small East Indian tree having orchid-like flowers and hard dark wood)
! royal poinciana, flamboyant, flame tree, peacock flower, Delonix regia, Poinciana regia – (showy tropical tree or shrub native to Madagascar; widely planted in
tropical regions for its immense racemes of scarlet and orange flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana)
! Judas tree, love tree, Circis siliquastrum – (small tree of the eastern Mediterranean having abundant purplish-red flowers growing on old wood directly from stems
and appearing before the leaves: widely cultivated in mild regions; wood valuable for veneers)
! redbud, Cercis canadenis – (small shrubby tree of eastern North America similar to the Judas tree having usually pink flowers; found in damp sheltered underwood)
!
!
!
!
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 61
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! cherry laurel, laurel cherry, mock orange, wild orange, Prunus caroliniana – (small flowering evergreen tree of southern United States)
! fruit tree – (tree bearing edible fruit)
! custard apple, custard apple tree – (any of several tropical American trees bearing fruit with soft edible pulp)
! cherimoya, cherimoya tree, Annona cherimola – (small tropical American tree bearing round or oblong soft-fleshed fruit)
! ilama, ilama tree, Annona diversifolia – (tropical American tree grown in southern United States having a whitish pink-tinged fruit)
! soursop, prickly custard apple, soursop tree, Annona muricata – (small tropical American tree bearing large succulent slightly acid fruit)
! bullock's heart, bullock's heart tree, bullock heart, Annona reticulata – (small tropical American tree bearing a bristly heart-shaped acid tropical fruit)
! sweetsop, sweetsop tree, Annona squamosa – (tropical American tree bearing sweet pulpy fruit with thick scaly rind and shiny black seeds)
! pond apple, pond-apple tree, Annona glabra – (small evergreen tree of tropical America with edible fruit; used chiefly as grafting stock)
! pawpaw, papaw, papaw tree, Asimina triloba – (small tree native to the eastern United States having oblong leaves and fleshy fruit)
! avocado, avocado tree, Persea Americana – (tropical American tree bearing large pulpy green fruits)
! durian, durion, durian tree, Durio zibethinus – (tree of southeastern Asia having edible oval fruit with a hard spiny rind)
! olive tree – (a tree of the genus Olea cultivated for its fruit)
! olive, European olive tree, Olea europaea – (evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black
fruits)
! black maire, Olea cunninghamii – (northern Zealand tree having dense hard light-brown wood)
! white maire, Olea lanceolata – (small New Zealand tree having red pulpy one-seeded fruit)
!
!
!
!
!
anchovy pear, anchovy pear tree, Grias cauliflora – (West Indian tree bearing edible mango-like fruit)
sour cherry, Eugenia corynantha – (Australian tree with sour red fruit)
Surinam cherry, pitanga, Eugenia uniflora – (Brazilian tree with spicy red fruit; often cultivated in California and Florida)
rose apple, rose-apple tree, jambosa, Eugenia jambos – (tropical tree of the East Indies cultivated for its edible fruit)
jaboticaba, jaboticaba tree, Myrciaria cauliflora – (small evergreen tropical tree native to Brazil and West Indies but introduced into southern United States; grown
in Brazil for its edible tough-skinned purple grape-like fruit that grows all along the branches)
! guava, true guava, guava bush, Psidium guajava – (small tropical American shrubby tree; widely cultivated in warm regions for its sweet globular yellow fruit)
! guava, strawberry guava, yellow cattley guava, Psidium littorale – (small tropical shrubby tree bearing sm all yellowish fruit)
! cattley guava, purple strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum, Psidium littorale longipes – (small tropical shrubby tree bearing deep red oval fruit)
! Brazilian guava, Psidium guineense – (South American tree having fruit similar to the true guava)
! pomegranate, pomegranate tree, Punica granatum – (shrub or small tree native to southwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit)
! mangosteen, mangosteen tree, Garcinia mangostana – (East Indian tree with thick leathery leaves and edible fruit)
! mammee apple, mammee, mamey, mammee tree, Mammea americana – (tropical American tree having edible fruit with a leathery rind)
! papaya, papaia, pawpaw, papaya tree, melon tree, Carica papaya – (tropical American shrub or small tree having huge deeply palmately cleft leaves and large
oblong yellow fruit)
! mulberry, mulberry tree – (any of several trees of the genus Morus having edible fruit that resembles the blackberry)
! white mulberry, Morus alba – (Asiatic mulberry with white to pale red fruit; leaves used to feed silkworms)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 62
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! black mulberry, Morus nigra – (European mulberry having dark foliage and fruit)
! red mulberry, Morus rubra – (North American mulberry having dark purple edible fruit)
!
!
!
!
!
!
breadfruit, breadfruit tree, Artocarpus communis, Artocarpus altilis – (native to Pacific Islands and having edible fruit with a texture like bread)
jackfruit, jackfruit tree, Artocarpus heterophyllus – (East Indian tree cultivated for its immense edible fruit and seeds)
marang, marang tree, Artocarpus odoratissima – (Philippine tree similar to the breadfruit tree bearing edible fruit)
coco plum, coco plum tree, cocoa plum, icaco, Chrysobalanus icaco – (small tropical American tree bearing edible plum-like fruit)
quince, quince bush, Cydonia oblonga – (small Asian tree with pinkish flowers and pear-shaped fruit; widely cultivated)
loquat, loquat tree, Japanese medlar, Japanese plum, Eriobotrya japonica – (evergreen tree of warm regions having fuzzy yellow olive-sized fruit with a large free
stone; native to China and Japan)
! apple tree – (any tree of the genus Malus especially those bearing firm rounded edible fruits)
! apple, orchard apple tree, Malus pumila – (native Eurasian tree widely cultivated in many varieties for its firm rounded edible fruits)
! wild apple, crab apple – (any of numerous wild apple trees usually with sm all acid fruit)
! wild crab, Malus sylvestris – (wild crab apple native to Europe; a chief ancestor of cultivated apples)
! American crab apple, garland crab, Malus coronaria – (medium-sized tree of the eastern United States having pink blossoms and sm all yellow fruit)
! Oregon crab apple, Malus fusca – (small tree or shrub of western United States having white blossoms and tiny yellow or red fruit)
! Iowa crab, Uowa crab apple, prairie crab, western crab apple, Malus ioensis – (wild crab apple of western United States with fragrant pink flowers)
! Bechtel crab, flowering crab – (derived from the Iowa crab and cultivated for its large double pink blossoms)
! crab apple, cultivated crab apple – (any of numerous varieties of crab apples cultivated for their small acid usually bright-red fruit used for preserving or as
ornamentals for their blossoms)
! Siberian crab, Siberian crab apple, cherry apple, cherry crab, Malus baccata – (Asian wild crab apple cultivated in many varieties for it small acid usually red
fruit used for preserving)
! Southern crab apple, flowering crab, Malus angustifolia – (small tree or shrub of southeastern United States; cultivated as an ornamental for its rose-colored
blossoms)
! medlar, medlar tree, Mespilus germanica – (small deciduous Eurasian tree cultivated for its fruit that resem ble crab apples)
! plum, plum tree – (any of several trees producing edible oval smooth-skinned fruit with a single hard stone)
! wild plum, wild plum tree – (an uncultivated plum tree or shrub)
! Allegheny plum, Allegheny plum, sloe, Prunus alleghaniensis – (wild plum of northeastern United States having dark purple fruits with yellow flesh)
! American red plum, August plum, goose plum, Prunus americana – (wild plum trees of eastern and central North America having red-orange fruit with yellow
flesh)
! chickasaw plum, hog plum, hog plum bush, Prunus angustifolia – (small native American shrubby tree bearing sm all edible yellow to reddish fruit)
! beach plum, beach plum bush, Prunus m aritima – (seacoast shrub of northeastern North America having showy white blossoms and edible purple fruit)
! holly-leaved cherry, holly-leaf cherry, evergreen cherry, islay, Prunus ilicifolia – (California evergreen wild plum with spiny leathery leaves and white flowers)
! common plum, Prunus domestica – (any of various widely distributed plums grown in the cooler temperate areas)
! bullace, Prunus insititia – (small wild or half-domesticated Eurasian plum bearing small ovoid fruit in clusters)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 63
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! damson plum, damson plum tree, Prunus domestica insititia – (plum tree long cultivated for its edible fruit)
! big-tree plum, Prunus m exicana – (small tree of southwestern United States having purplish-red fruit sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for its large leaves)
! Canada plum, Prunus nigra – (small tree native to northeastern North America having oblong orange-red fruit)
! cherry plum, myrobalan, myrobalan plum, Prunus cerasifera – (small Asiatic tree bearing edible red or yellow fruit; used in Europe as budding stock)
! Japanese plum, Prunus salicina – (small tree of China and Japan bearing large yellow to red plums usually somewhat inferior to European plums in flavor)
! Sierra plum, Pacific plum, Prunus subcordata – (shrub of United States Pacific coast bearing sm all red insipid fruit)
! plumcot, plumcot tree – (hybrid produced by crossing Prunus domestica and Prunus armeniaca)
! apricot, apricot tree – (Asian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible peach-like fruit)
! Japanese apricot, mei, Prunus mume – (Japanese ornamental tree with fragrant white or pink blossoms and small yellow fruits)
! common apricot, Prunus armeniaca – (temperate zone tree bearing downy yellow to rosy fruits)
! purple apricot, black apricot, Prunus dasycarpa – (small hybrid apricot of Asia and Asia Minor having purplish twigs and white flowers following by inferior purple
fruit)
! cherry, cherry tree – (any of numerous trees and shrubs producing a small fleshy round fruit with a single hard stone; many also produce a valuable hardwood)
! wild cherry, wild cherry tree – (an uncultivated cherry tree)
! bird cherry, bird cherry tree – (any of several small-fruited cherry trees frequented or fed on by birds)
! hagberry tree, European bird cherry, common bird cherry, Prunus padus – (small European cherry tree closely resembling the American chokecherry)
! pin cherry, Prunus pensylvanica – (small shrubby North American wild cherry with sm all bright red acid fruit)
! black cherry, black cherry tree, rum cherry, Prunus serotina – (large North American wild cherry with round black sour edible fruit)
! sweet cherry, Prunus avium – (large Eurasian tree producing small dark bitter fruit in the wild but edible sweet fruit under cultivation)
! heart cherry, oxheart, oxheart cherry – (any of several cultivated sweet cherries having sweet juicy heart-shaped fruits)
! gean, mazzard, mazzard cherry – (wild or seedling sweet cherry used as stock for grafting)
! capulin, capulin tree, Prunus capuli – (Mexican black cherry tree having edible fruit)
! sour cherry, sour cherry tree, Prunus cerasus – (rather small Eurasian tree producing red to black acid edible fruit)
! amarelle, Prunus cerasus caproniana – (any of several cultivated sour cherry trees bearing pale red fruit with colorless juice)
! morello, Prunus cerasus austera – (any of several cultivated sour cherry trees bearing fruit with dark skin and juice)
! marasca, marasca cherry, maraschino cherry, Prunus cerasus marasca – (Dalmatian bitter wild cherry tree bearing fruit whose juice is made into maraschino
liqueur)
! Catalina cherry, Prunus lyonii – (evergreen shrub or small tree found on Catalina Island (California))
! flowering cherry – (any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Prunus cultivated for their showy white or pink single or double blossoms)
! fuji, fuji cherry, Prunus incisa – (shrubby Japanese tree having pale pink blossoms)
! oriental cherry, Japanese cherry, Japanese flowering cherry, Prunus serrulata – (ornamental tree with inedible fruits widely cultivated in many varieties for its
white blossoms)
! Japanese flowering cherry, Prunus sieboldii – (ornamental tree with inedible fruit widely cultivated in many varieties for its pink blossoms)
! rosebud cherry, winter flowering cherry, Prunus subhirtella – (shrub or tree native to Japan cultivated as an ornamental for its rose-pink flowers)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 64
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! chokecherry, chokecherry tree, Prunus virginiana – (a common wild cherry of eastern North America having small bitter black berries favored by birds)
! western chokecherry, Prunus virginiana demissa, Prunus demissa – (chokecherry of western United States)
! almond tree – (any of several small bushy trees having pink or white blossoms and usually bearing nuts)
! almond, sweet almond, Prunus dulcis, Prunus amygdalus, Amygdalus communis – (small bushy deciduous tree native to Asia and North Africa having pretty
pink blossoms and highly prized edible nuts enclosed in a hard green hull; cultivated in southern Australia and California)
! jordan almond – (variety of large almond from Malaga, Spain; used in confectionery)
! bitter almond, Prunus dulcis amara, Amygdalus communis amara – (almond trees having white blossoms and poisonous nuts yielding an oil used for flavoring
and for medicinal purposes)
! dwarf flowering almond, Prunus glandulosa – (small Chinese shrub with smooth unfurrowed dark red fruit grown especially for its red or pink or white flowers)
! flowering almond, oriental bush cherry, Prunus japonica – (woody oriental plant with smooth unfurrowed red fruit grown especially for its white or pale pink
blossoms)
! Russian almond, dwarf Russian almond, Prunus tenella – (Asiatic shrub cultivated for its rosy red flowers)
! flowering almond, Prunus triloba – (deciduous Chinese shrub or small tree with often trilobed leaves grown for its pink-white flowers)
!
!
!
!
peach, peach tree, Prunus persica – (cultivated in temperate regions)
nectarine, nectarine tree, Prunus persica nectarina – (variety or mutation of the peach bearing smooth-skinned fruit with usually yellow flesh)
pear, pear tree, Pyrus communis – (Old World tree having sweet gritty-textured juicy fruit; widely cultivated in many varieties)
genipa – (any tree of the genus Genipa bearing yellow flowers and edible fruit with a thick rind)
! genipap fruit, jagua, marmalade box, Genipa Americana – (tree of the West Indies and northern South America bearing succulent edible orange-sized fruit)
! carambola, carambola tree, Averrhoa carambola – (East Indian tree bearing deeply ridged yellow-brown fruit)
! bilimbi, Averrhoa bilimbi – (East Indian evergreen tree bearing very acid fruit)
! citrus, citrus tree – (any of numerous tropical usually thorny evergreen trees of the genus Citrus having leathery evergreen leaves and widely cultivated for their
juicy edible fruits having leathery arom atic rinds)
! orange, orange tree – (any citrus tree bearing oranges)
! sour orange, Seville orange, bitter orange, bitter orange tree, bigarade, marmalade orange, Citrus aurantium – (any of various common orange trees yielding
sour or bitter fruit; used as grafting stock)
! bergamot, bergamot orange, Citrus bergamia – (small tree with pear-shaped fruit whose oil is used in perfumery; Italy)
! sweet orange, sweet orange tree, Citrus sinensis – (probably native to southern China; widely cultivated as source of table and juice oranges)
! temple orange, temple orange tree, tangor, king orange, Citrus nobilis – (large citrus tree having large sweet deep orange fruit that is easily peeled; widely
cultivated in Florida)
! pom elo, pom elo tree, pummelo, shaddock, Citrus maxima, Citrus grandis, Citrus decumana – (southeastern Asian tree producing large fruits resembling
grapefruits)
! citron, citron tree, Citrus medica – (thorny evergreen small tree or shrub of India widely cultivated for its large lemon-like fruits that have thick warty rind)
! grapefruit, Citrus paradisi – (citrus tree bearing large round edible fruit having a thick yellow rind and juicy somewhat acid pulp)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 65
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! mandarin, mandarin orange, mandarin orange tree, Citrus reticulata – (shrub or small tree having flattened globose fruit with very sweet aromatic pulp and thin
yellow-orange to flame-orange rind that is loose and easily removed; native to southeastern Asia)
! tangerine, tangerine tree – (a variety of mandarin orange)
! tangerine – (any of various deep orange mandarins grown in the United States and southern Africa)
! clementine, clementine tree – (a variety of mandarin orange)
! satsuma, satsuma tree – (a variety of mandarin orange)
! tangelo, tangelo tree, ugli fruit, Citrus tangelo – (hybrid between grapefruit and mandarin orange; cultivated especially in Florida)
! rangpur, rangpur lime, lemanderin, Citrus limonia – (hybrid between mandarin orange and lemon having very acid fruit with orange peel)
! lemon, lemon tree, Citrus limon – (a sm all evergreen tree that originated in Asia but is widely cultivated for its fruit)
! sweet lemon, sweet lime, Citrus limetta – (lemon tree having fruit with a somewhat insipid sweetish pulp)
! lime, lime tree, Citrus aurantifolia – (any of various related trees bearing limes)
! citrange, citrange tree, Citroncirus webberi – (more arom atic and acidic than oranges)
! kumquat, cumquat, kumquat tree – (any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Fortunella bearing small orange-colored edible fruits with thick sweet-flavored
skin and sour pulp)
! marumi, marumi kumquat, round kumquat, Fortunella japonica – (shrub bearing round-fruited kumquats)
! nagami, nagami kumquat, oval kumquat, Fortunella margarita – (shrub bearing oval-fruited kumquats)
! wild mango, dika, wild mango tree, Irvingia gabonensis – (African tree with edible yellow mango-like fruit valued for its oil-rich seed and hardy green termite-resistant
wood)
! akee, akee tree, Blighia sapida – (widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its fragrant flowers and colorful fruits; introduced in Jamaica by Captain
Bligh of HMS Bounty)
! longan, lungen, longanberry, Dimocarpus longan, Euphoria litchi, Nephelium longana – (tree of southeastern Asia to Australia grown primarily for its sweet
translucent-fleshed edible fruit resembling litchi nuts; sometimes placed in genera Euphoria or Nephelium)
! litchi, lichee, litchi tree, Litchi chinensis, Nephelium litchi – (Chinese tree cultivated especially in Philippines and India for its edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus
Nephelium)
! Spanish lime, Spanish lime tree, honey berry, mamoncillo, genip, ginep, Melicocca bijuga, Melicocca bijugatus – (tropical American tree bearing a small edible
fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp)
! rambutan, rambotan, rambutan tree, Nephelium lappaceum – (Malayan tree bearing spiny red fruit)
! pulasan, pulassan, pulasan tree, Nephelium mutabile – (East Indian fruit tree bearing fruit similar to but sweeter than that of the rambutan)
! mango, mango tree, Mangifera indica – (large evergreen tropical tree cultivated for its large oval smooth-skinned fruit)
! hog plum, yellow mombin, yellow mombin tree, Spondias m ombin – (tropical American tree having edible yellow fruit)
! mombin, mombin tree, jocote, Spondias purpurea – (common tropical American shrub or small tree with purplish fruit)
! persimmon, persimmon tree – (any of several tropical trees of the genus Diospyros)
! Japanese persimmon, khaki, Diospyros khaki – (small deciduous Asiatic tree bearing large red or orange edible astringent fruit)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 66
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! American persimmon, possumwood, Diospyros virginiana – (medium-sized tree of dry woodlands in the southern and eastern United States bearing yellow or
orange very astringent fruit that is edible when fully ripe)
! date plum, Diospyros lotus – (an Asiatic persimmon tree cultivated for its small yellow or purplish-black edible fruit much valued by Afghan tribes)
! star apple, caimito, Chrysophyllum cainito – (evergreen tree of West Indies and Central America having edible purple fruit star-shaped in cross section and dark
green leaves with golden silky undersides)
! sapodilla, sapodilla tree, Manilkara zapota, Achras zapota – (large tropical American evergreen yielding chicle gum and edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus
Achras)
! canistel, canistel tree, Pouteria campechiana nervosa – (tropical tree of Florida and West Indies yielding edible fruit)
! mountain ash – (any of various trees of the genus Sorbus)
! rowan, rowan tree, European mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia – (Eurasian tree with orange-red berrylike fruits)
! American mountain ash, Sorbus americana – (a variety of mountain ash)
! Western mountain ash, Sorbus sitchensis – (an ash of the Western coast of North America)
! service tree, sorb apple, sorb apple tree, Sorbus domestica – (medium-sized European tree resembling the rowan but bearing edible fruit)
! wild service tree, Sorbus torminalis – (European tree bearing edible sm all speckled brown fruit)
! ailanthus – (any of several deciduous Asian trees of the genus Ailanthus)
! tree of heaven, tree of the gods, Ailanthus altissima – (deciduous rapidly growing tree of China with sumac-like foliage and sweetish fetid flowers; widely planted
in United States as a street tree because of its resistance to pollution)
! palo santo, Bulnesia sarmienti – (South American tree of dry interior regions of Argentina and Paraguay having resinous heartwood used for incense)
! lignum vitae, Guaiacum officinale – (small evergreen tree of Caribbean and southern Central America to northern South America; a source of lignum vitae wood,
hardest of commercial timbers, and a medicinal resin)
! bastard lignum vitae, Guaiacum sanctum – (small evergreen tree of the southern United States and West Indies a source of lignum vitae wood)
! poplar, poplar tree – (any of numerous trees of north temperate regions having light soft wood and flowers borne in catkins)
! balsam poplar, hackm atack, tacamahac, Populus balsam ifera – (poplar of northeastern North America with broad heart-shaped leaves)
! white poplar, white aspen, abele, aspen poplar, silver-leaved poplar, Populus alba – (a poplar that is widely cultivated in the United States; has white bark and leaves
with whitish under-surfaces)
! gray poplar, Populus canescens – (large rapidly growing poplar with faintly lobed dentate leaves gray on the lower surface; native to Europe but introduced and
naturalized elsewhere)
! black poplar, Populus nigra – (large European poplar)
! Lombardy poplar, Populus nigra italica – (distinguished by its columnar fastigiate shape and erect branches)
! cottonwood – (any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed)
! Eastern cottonwood, necklace poplar, Populus deltoides – (a common poplar of eastern and central United States; cultivated in United States for its rapid growth
and luxuriant foliage and in Europe for timber)
! black cottonwood, Western balsam poplar, Populus trichocarpa – (cottonwood of western North America with dark green leaves shining above and rusty or silvery
beneath)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 67
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! swamp cottonwood, black cottonwood, downy poplar, swamp poplar, Populus heterophylla – (North American poplar with large rounded scalloped leaves and
brownish bark and wood)
! aspen – (any of several trees of the genus Populus having leaves on flattened stalks so that they flutter in the lightest wind)
! quaking aspen, European quaking aspen, Populus tremula – (Old World aspen with a broad much-branched crown; northwestern Europe and Siberia to North
Africa)
! American quaking aspen, American aspen, Populus tremuloides – (slender aspen native to North America)
! Canadian aspen, bigtooth aspen, bigtoothed aspen, big-toothed aspen, large-toothed aspen, large tooth aspen, Populus grandidentata – (aspen with a narrow
crown; eastern North America)
! titi, buckwheat tree, Cliftonia monophylla – (tree of low-lying coastal areas of southeastern United States having glossy leaves and racemes of fragrant white flowers)
! maple – (any of numerous trees or shrubs of the genus Acer bearing winged seeds in pairs; north temperate zone)
! silver maple, Acer saccharinum – (a common North American maple tree; 5-lobed leaves are light green above and silvery white beneath; source of hard
close-grained but brittle light-brown wood)
! sugar maple, rock maple, Acer saccharum – (maple of eastern and central North America having 3- to 5-lobed leaves and hard close-grained wood much used
for cabinet work especially the curly-grained form; sap is chief source of maple syrup and m aple sugar; many subspecies)
! red maple, scarlet maple, swamp maple, Acer rubrum – (maple of eastern and central America; 5-lobed leaves scarlet and yellow in autumn)
! moosewood, striped maple, striped dogwood, goosefoot maple, Acer pennsylvanicum – (maple of eastern North America with striped bard and large 2-lobed leaves
clear yellow in autumn)
! Oregon maple, big-leaf maple, Acer macrophyllum – (maple of western North America having large 5-lobed leaves orange in autumn)
! dwarf maple, Rocky-mountain maple, Acer glabrum – (small maple of northwestern North America)
! mountain maple, mountain alder, Acer spicatum – (small shrubby maple of eastern North America; scarlet in autumn)
! vine maple, Acer circinatum – (small maple of northwestern North America having prostrate stems that root freely and form dense thickets)
! hedge maple, field maple, Acer campestre – (shrubby Eurasian maple often used as a hedge)
! Norway maple, Acer platanoides – (a large Eurasian maple tree naturalized in North America; 5-lobed leaves yellow in autumn; cultivated in many varieties)
! sycamore, great m aple, scottish maple, Acer pseudoplatanus – (Eurasian maple tree with pale gray bark that peels in flakes like that of a sycamore tree; leaves with
five ovate lobes yellow in autumn)
! box elder, ash-leaved maple, Acer negundo – (common shade tree of eastern and central United States)
! California box elder, Acer negundo Californicum – (maple of the United States Pacific coast; fruits are white when mature)
! pointed-leaf maple, Acer argutum – (small shrubby Japanese plant with leaves having 5 to 7 acuminate lobes; yellow in autumn)
! Japanese maple, full moon maple, Acer japonicum – (leaves deeply incised and bright red in autumn; Japan)
! Japanese m aple, Acer palmatum – (ornamental shrub or small tree of Japan and Korea with deeply incised leaves; cultivated in many varieties)
! holly – (any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex)
! bearberry, possum haw, winterberry, Ilex decidua – (deciduous shrub of southeastern and central United States)
! inkberry, gallberry, evergreen winterberry, Ilex glabra – (evergreen holly of eastern North America with oblong leathery leaves and small black berries)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 68
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! mate, Paraguay tea, Ilex paraguariensis – (South American holly; leaves used in making a tea-like drink)
! American holly, Christmas holly – (an evergreen tree)
! low gallberry holly – (an evergreen shrub)
! tall gallberry holly – (an evergreen shrub)
! yaupon holly – (an evergreen shrub)
! deciduous holly – (a holly tree)
! juneberry holly – (a holly shrub)
! largeleaf holly – (a holly tree)
! Geogia holly – (a holly shrub)
! common winterberry holly – (a holly shrub)
! smooth winterberry holly – (a holly shrub)
! terebinth, Pistacia terebinthus – (a Mediterranean tree yielding Chian turpentine)
! horse chestnut, buckeye, Aesculus hippocastanum – (tree having palmate leaves and large clusters of white to red flowers followed by brown shiny inedible seeds)
! sweet buckeye – (a tall and often cultivated buckeye of the central United States)
! Ohio buckeye – (a buckeye with scaly gray bark that is found in the central United States)
! dwarf buckeye, bottlebrush buckeye – (a spreading shrub with pink flowers; found in southeastern United States)
! red buckeye – (a shrub buckeye of southern United States)
! particolored buckeye – (a buckeye m arked by different colors or tints)
! satinleaf, satin leaf, caimitillo, damson plum, Chrysophyllum oliviforme – (tropical American timber tree with dark hard heavy wood and sm all plum-like purple fruit)
! silver bell – (any of various deciduous trees of the genus Halesia having white bell-shaped flowers)
! silver-bell tree, silverbell tree, snowdrop tree, opossum wood, Halesia carolina, Halesia tetraptera – (medium-sized tree of West Virginia to Florida and Texas)
! Spanish elm, Equador laurel, salmwood, cypre, princewood, Cordia alliodora – (large tropical American tree of the genus Cordia grown for its abundant creamy
white flowers and valuable wood)
! physic nut, Jatropha curcus – (small tropical American tree yielding purple dye and a tanning extract and bearing physic nuts containing a purgative oil that is
poisonous in large quantities)
! para rubber tree, caoutchouc tree, Hevea brasiliensis – (deciduous tree of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers having leathery leaves and fragrant yellow-white flowers;
the rubber tree usually cultivated in plantations; chief source of Para rubber)
! candlenut, varnish tree, Aleurites m oluccana – (large tree native to southeastern Asia; the nuts yield oil used in varnishes; nut kernels strung together are used locally
as candles)
! tung tree, tung, tung-oil tree, Aleurites fordii – (Chinese tree bearing seeds that yield tung oil)
! dogwood, dogwood tree, cornel – (a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy flower-like bracts)
! common white dogwood, eastern flowering dogwood, Cornus florida – (deciduous tree; celebrated for its large white or pink flower-like bracts and stunning autumn
color followed by red berries)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 69
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! red osier, red osier dogwood, red dogwood, American dogwood, redbrush, Cornus stolonifera – (common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and
white flowers)
! silky dogwood, Cornus obliqua – (shrub of eastern North America closely resembling silky cornel)
! silky cornel, silky dogwood, Cornus amomum – (shrub of eastern North America having purplish stems and blue fruit)
! common European dogwood, red dogwood, blood-twig, pedwood, Cornus sanguinea – (European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white
flowers)
! bunchberry, dwarf cornel, crackerberry, pudding berry, Cornus canadensis – (creeping red-berried perennial herb distinguished by clustered leaf whorls at tips of
shoots; Greenland to Alaska)
! cornelian cherry, Cornus m as – (deciduous European shrub or small tree having bright red fruit)
! nut tree – (tree bearing edible nuts)
! kola, kola nut, kola nut tree, goora nut, Cola acuminata – (tree bearing large brown nuts containing e.g. caffeine; source of cola extract)
! macadamia, macadamia tree – (any tree of the genus Macadamia)
! Macadamia integrifolia – (medium-sized tree of eastern Australia having creamy-white flowers)
! macadamia nut, macadamia nut tree, Macadamia ternifolia – (small Australian tree with racemes of pink flowers; widely cultivated (especially in Hawaii) for its
sweet edible nuts)
! Queensland nut, Macadamia tetraphylla – (bushy tree with pink to purple flowers)
! hazelnut, hazel, hazelnut tree – (any of several shrubs or small trees of the genus Corylus bearing edible nuts enclosed in a leafy husk)
! American hazel, Corylus americana – (nut-bearing shrub of eastern North America)
! cobnut, filbert, Corylus avellana, Corylus avellana grandis – (small nut-bearing tree much grown in Europe)
! beaked hazelnut, Corylus cornuta – (hazel of western United States with conspicuous beaklike involucres on the nuts)
! walnut, walnut tree – (any of various trees of the genus Juglans)
! California black walnut, Juglans californica – (medium-sized tree with somewhat arom atic compound leaves and edible nuts)
! butternut, butternut tree, white walnut, Juglans cinerea – (North American walnut tree having light-brown wood and edible nuts; source of a light-brown dye)
! black walnut, black walnut tree, black hickory, Juglans nigra – (North American walnut tree with hard dark wood and edible nut)
! English walnut, English walnut tree, Circassian walnut, Persian walnut, Juglans regia – (Eurasian walnut valued for its large edible nut and its hard richly figured
wood; widely cultivated)
! hickory, hickory tree – (American hardwood tree bearing edible nuts)
! hickory – (valuable tough heavy hardwood from various hickory trees)
! water hickory, bitter pecan, water bitternut, Carya aquatica – (hickory of southern United States having many narrow leaflets and rather bitter nuts)
! pignut, pignut hickory, brown hickory, black hickory, Carya glabra – (an American hickory tree having bitter nuts)
! bitternut, bitternut hickory, bitter hickory, bitter pignut, swamp hickory, Carya cordiformis – (hickory of the eastern United States having a leaves with 7 or 9
leaflets and thin-shelled very bitter nuts)
! big shellbark, big shellbark hickory, big shagbark, king nut, king nut hickory, Carya laciniosa – (hickory of the eastern United States resembling the shagbark
but having a much larger nut)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 70
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! nutmeg hickory, Carya myristicaeformis, Carya myristiciformis – (hickory of southern United States and Mexico having hard nutmeg-shaped nuts)
! shagbark, shagbark hickory, shellbark, shellbark hickory, Carya ovata – (North American hickory having loose gray shaggy bark and edible nuts)
! mockernut, mockernut hickory, black hickory, white-heart hickory, big-bud hickory, Carya tomentosa – (smooth-barked North American hickory with 7 to 9
leaflets bearing a hard-shelled edible nut)
! pecan, pecan tree, Carya illinoensis, Carya illinoinsis – (tree of southern United States and Mexico cultivated for its nuts)
! wingnut – (any tree of the genus Pterocarya; fruit is a small winged nutlet; Caucasus to southeastern Asia)
! Caucasian walnut, Pterocarya fraxinifolia – (medium-sized Caucasian much-branched tree distinguished from other walnut trees by its winged fruit)
! brazil nut, brazil-nut tree, Bertholletia excelsa – (tall South American tree bearing brazil nuts)
! cashew, cashew tree, Anacardium occidentale – (tropical American evergreen tree bearing kidney-shaped nuts that are edible only when roasted)
! pistachio, Pistacia vera, pistachio tree – (small tree of southern Europe and Asia Minor bearing small hard-shelled nuts)
! spice tree – (tree bearing arom atic bark or berries)
! nutmeg, nutmeg tree, Myristica fragrans – (East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace)
! allspice, allspice tree, pimento tree, Pimenta dioica – (arom atic West Indian tree that produces allspice berries)
! allspice tree, Pimenta officinalis – (tropical American tree having small white flowers and arom atic berries)
! clove, clove tree, Syzygium aromaticum, Eugenia aromaticum, Eugenia caryophyllatum – (moderate sized very symmetrical red-flowered evergreen widely cultivated
in the tropics for its flower buds which are source of cloves)
! fever tree – (any of several trees having leaves or barks used to allay fever or thought to indicate regions free of fever)
! bonsai – (a dwarfed ornamental tree or shrub grown in a tray or shallow pot)
! ming tree – (a dwarfed evergreen conifer or shrub shaped to have flat-topped asymmetrical branches and grown in a container)
! ming tree – (an artificial plant resembling a bonsai)
! nakedwood – (any of several small to medium-sized trees of Florida and West Indies with thin scaly bark and heavy dark heartwood)
! hazel, hazel tree, Pom aderris apetala – (Australian tree grown especially for ornament and its fine-grained wood and bearing edible nuts)
! tree of knowledge – (the biblical tree in the Garden of Eden whose forbidden fruit was tasted by Adam and Eve)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 71
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
WOOD – (the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees)
! pine – (straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus)
! knotty pine – (pine lumber with many knots; used especially for paneling and furniture)
! white pine – (soft white wood of white pine trees)
! yellow pine – (hard yellowish wood of a yellow pine)
! larch – (wood of a larch tree)
! fir – (nonresinous wood of a fir tree)
! douglas fir – (strong durable timber of a douglas fir)
! cedar, cedarwood – (durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests)
! red cedar – (fragrant reddish wood of any of various red cedar trees)
! pencil cedar – (wood of a pencil cedar tree; used for making pencils)
! Port Orford cedar – (the wood of the Port Orford cedar tree)
! spruce – (light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork)
! hemlock – (soft coarse splintery wood of a hemlock tree especially the western hemlock)
! cypress – (wood of any of various cypress trees especially of the genus Cupressus)
! cypress pine – (any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and northern New Caledonia)
! Port Jackson pine, Callitris cupressiformis – (Australian cypress pine having globular cones)
! black cypress pine, red cypress pine, Callitris endlicheri, Callitris calcarata – (Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed;
valued for its timber and resin)
! white cypress pine, Callitris glaucophylla, Callitris glauca – (small tree or shrub of southern Australia)
! stringybark pine, Callitris parlatorei – (Australian cypress pine with fibrous inner bark)
! juniper – (coniferous shrub or small tree with berrylike cones)
! pencil cedar, pencil cedar tree – (any of several junipers with wood suitable for making pencils)
! eastern red cedar, red cedar, red juniper, Juniperus virginiana – (small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in
shreds, and small sharp needles)
! Bermuda cedar, Juniperus bermudiana – (ornamental densely pyramidal juniper of Bermuda; fairly large for a juniper)
! east African cedar, Juniperus procera – (tropical African timber tree with fragrant wood)
! southern red cedar, Juniperus silicicola – (juniper of swampy coastal regions of southeastern United States; similar to eastern red cedar)
! dwarf juniper, savin, Juniperus sabina – (procumbent or spreading juniper)
! common juniper, Juniperus communis – (densely branching shrub or small tree having pungent blue berries used to flavor gin; widespread in northern hemisphere;
only conifer on coasts of Iceland and Greenland)
! ground cedar, dwarf juniper, Juniperus communis depressa – (a procumbent variety of the common juniper)
! creeping juniper, Juniperus horizontalis – (low to prostrate shrub of Canada and northern United States; bronzed purple in winter)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 72
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! Mexican juniper, drooping juniper, Juniperus flaccida – (small tree of western Texas and mountains of Mexico having spreading branches with drooping branchlets)
! sequoia, redwood – (either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae)
! California redwood, coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens – (lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur)
! giant sequoia, big tree, Sierra redwood, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Sequoia gigantea, Sequoia Wellingtonia – (extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of
western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism)
! bald cypress, swam p cypress, pond bald cypress, southern cypress, Taxodium distichum – (common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded
at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottom s)
! pond cypress, bald cypress, Taxodium ascendens – (smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum)
! Montezuma cypress, Mexican swamp cypress, Taxodium mucronatum – (cypress of river valleys of Mexican highlands)
! ahuehuete – (literally "old man of the water": a giant specimen of great age and girth at Santa Maria del Tule)
! sandarac, sandarac tree, Tetraclinis articulata, Callitris quadrivalvis – (large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes)
redwood – (the soft reddish wood of either of two species of sequoia trees)
sandarac, cottonwood – (durable fragrant wood; used in building (as in the roof of Cordova Cathedral))
kauri – (white close-grained wood of a tree of the genus Agathis especially Agathis australis)
yellowwood – (yellow-colored wood of any of various yellowwood trees)
yew – (wood of a yew; especially the durable fine-grained light brown or red wood of the English yew valued for cabinetwork and archery bows)
lancewood – (durable straight-grained wood of the lacewood tree; used for building and cabinetwork and tools)
tulipwood, true tulipwood, whitewood, white poplar, yellow poplar – (light easily worked wood of a tulip tree; used for furniture and veneer)
zebrawood – (handsomely striped or mottled wood of the zebrawood tree; used especially for cabinetwork)
cocuswood, cocoswood, granadilla wood – (wood of the granadilla tree used for making musical instruments especially clarinets)
shittimwood – (wood of the shittah tree used to make the ark of the Hebrew tabernacle)
sabicu, sabicu wood – (mahogany-like wood of the sabicu)
bamboo – (the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles)
tulipwood – (the variegated or showily striped ornamental wood of various tulipwood trees)
balsa, balsa wood – (strong lightweight wood of the balsa tree used especially for floats)
silver quandong – (pale easily worked timber from the quandong tree)
obeche – (the wood of an African obeche tree; used especially for veneering)
basswood, linden – (soft light-colored wood of any of various linden trees; used in making crates and boxes and in carving and millwork)
beefwood – (any of several heavy hard reddish chiefly tropical woods of the families Casuarinaceae and Proteaceae; some used for cabinetwork)
briarwood, brierwood – (wood from the hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea; used to m ake tobacco pipes)
beech, beechwood – (wood of any of various beech trees; used for flooring and containers and plywood and tool handles)
chestnut – (wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea)
oak – (the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 73
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! fumed oak – (oak given a weathered appearance by exposure to fumes of ammonia; used for cabinetwork)
! holm oak – (hard wood of the holm oak tree)
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
birch – (hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood)
alder – (wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc)
hazel – (the fine-grained wood of a hazelnut tree (genus Corylus) and the hazel tree (Australian genus Pomaderris))
olive – (hard yellow often variegated wood of an olive tree; used in cabinetwork)
ash – (strong elastic wood of any of various ash trees; used for furniture and tool handles and sporting goods such as baseball bats)
ironwood – (exceptionally tough or hard wood of any of a number of ironwood trees)
walnut – (hard dark-brown wood of any of various walnut trees; used especially for furniture and paneling)
hickory – (valuable tough heavy hardwood from various hickory trees)
pecan – (wood of a pecan tree)
pyinma – (relatively hard durable timber from the Queen's crape myrtle; light reddish brown, smooth and lustrous)
gumwood, gum – (wood or lumber from any of various gum trees especially the sweet gum)
! sweet gum, satin walnut, hazelwood, red gum – (reddish-brown wood and lumber from heartwood of the sweet gum tree used to make furniture)
! eucalyptus – (wood of any of various eucalyptus trees valued as timber)
! tupelo – (pale soft wood of a tupelo tree especially the water gum)
! poon – (wood of any poon tree; used for masts and spars)
! red lauan – (hard heavy red wood of the red lauan tree; often sold as Philippine mahogany)
! elm, elmwood – (hard tough wood of an elm tree; used for e.g. implements and furniture)
! brazilwood – (heavy wood of various brazilwood trees; used for violin bows and as dyewoods)
! locust – (hardwood from any of various locust trees)
! logwood – (very hard brown to brownish-red heartwood of a logwood tree; used in preparing a purplish red dye)
! rosewood – (hard dark reddish wood of a rosewood tree having a strongly marked grain; used in cabinetwork)
! amboyna, Andaman redwood – (mottled curly-grained wood of Pterocarpus indicus)
! kingwood – (handsome violet-streaked wood of the kingwood tree; used especially in cabinetwork)
! granadilla wood – (dark red hardwood derived from the cocobolo and used in making musical instruments e.g. clarinets)
! blackwood – (very dark wood of any of several blackwood trees)
! Panama redwood, quira – (hard heavy red wood of a quira tree)
! ruby wood, red sandalwood – (hard durable wood of red sandalwood trees (Pterocarpus santalinus); prized for cabinetwork)
! black locust – (strong stiff wood of a black-locust tree; very resistant to decay)
! cherry – (wood of any of various cherry trees especially the black cherry)
! fruitwood – (wood of various fruit trees (as apple or cherry or pear) used especially in cabinetwork)
! applewood – (wood of any of various apple trees of the genus Malus)
! lemonwood – (hard tough elastic wood of the lemonwood tree; used for making bows and fishing rods)
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 74
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! incense wood – (fragrant wood of two incense trees of the genus Protium)
! mahogany – (wood of any of various mahogany trees; much used for cabinetwork and furniture)
! Philippine mahogany – (red or pale-red hardwood of the Philippine mahogany tree used for cigar boxes and interior finish)
! cigar-box cedar – (fragrant wood m uch used for cigar boxes)
! satinwood – (hard yellowish wood of a satinwood tree having a satiny luster; used for fine cabinetwork and tools)
! orangewood – (fine-grained wood of an orange tree; used in fine woodwork)
! cottonwood – (wood of a citron tree)
! guaiac wood, guaiacum wood – (heartwood of a palo santo; yields an arom atic oil used in perfumes)
! lignum vitae, guaiac, guaiacum – (hard greenish-brown wood of the lignum vitae tree and other trees of the genus Guaiacum)
! poplar – (soft light-colored nondurable wood of the poplar)
! sandalwood – (close-grained fragrant yellowish heartwood of the true sandalwood; has insect-repelling properties and is used for carving and cabinetwork)
! boxwood, Turkish boxwood – (very hard tough close-grained light yellow wood of the box especially the common box; used in delicate woodwork: musical instruments
and inlays and engraving blocks)
! maple – (wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used esp for furniture and flooring)
! bird's-eye maple – (maple wood having a wavy grain with eyelike markings)
! sumac – (wood of a sumac)
! ebony – (hard dark-colored heartwood of the ebony tree; used in cabinetwork and for piano keys)
! sycamore, lacewood – (variably colored and sometimes variegated hard tough elastic wood of a sycamore tree)
! teak, teakwood – (hard strong durable yellowish-brown wood of teak trees; resistant to insects and to warping; used for furniture and in shipbuilding)
! dogwood – (hard tough wood of any dogwood of the genus Cornus; resemble boxwood)
! sapwood – (newly formed outer wood lying between the cambium and the heartwood of a tree or woody plant; usually light colored; active in water conduction)
! heartwood, duramen – (the older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant; usually darker and denser than the surrounding sapwood)
! burl – (the wood cut from a tree burl or outgrowth; often used decoratively in veneer)
! brushwood – (the wood from bushes or small branches; "they built a fire of brushwood")
! cabinet wood – (moderately dense wood used for cabinetwork; "teak and other heavy cabinet wood")
! driftwood – (wood that is floating or that has been washed ashore)
! log – (a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches)
! matchwood – (wood suitable for making matchsticks)
! matchwood, splinters – (wood in sm all pieces or splinters: "the vessel was beaten to matchwood on the rocks")
! sawdust – (fine particles of wood made by sawing wood)
! wicker – (slender flexible branches or twigs (especially of willow or some canes); used for wickerwork)
! dyewood – (any wood from which dye is obtained)
! hardwood – (the wood of broad-leaved dicotyledonous trees (as distinguished from the wood of conifers))
! softwood, deal – (wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir))
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 75
HK SYSTEM:
WOOD, TREES, SHRUBS
! pulpwood – (softwood used to make paper)
! raw wood – (wood that is not finished or painted)
! knot – (a hard cross-grained round piece of wood in a board where a branch emerged; "the saw buckled when it hit a knot")
Copyright © 1999 Health Kinesiology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Woods, Trees, Shrubs: Page 76