Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Tree measurement wikipedia , lookup
Tree girth measurement wikipedia , lookup
Tree planting wikipedia , lookup
Acer rubrum wikipedia , lookup
Flora of the Indian epic period wikipedia , lookup
Tree shaping wikipedia , lookup
The average life of a tree in the landscape is only eight years due to poor design and planting techniques. The best advice for selecting trees is to intentionally plant a diversity of species in the neighborhood and community. Avoid frequent use of only a few tree species as this increases the likelihood of insect and disease problems. You may wish to provide more flexibility in species selection than your current guidelines allow (i.e. “Plantings along public streets, common areas and open space frontages visible to the public must be limited to native species originally found in the existing landscape…”). Pay attention to problem species, and try to eliminate them from your approved list. A WORD ON SPECIES DIVERSITY 2004 2011 2014 • The areas infested now include 22 states and portions of Canada – 50 to 100 million trees destroyed! • Discovered in Boulder, CO on 9/23/2013. • Denver Metro area has over 1.5 million ash trees – close to 25% of our urban tree canopy! A tree placed so people can gain the greatest enjoyment from the color, texture, scent, or other pleasures it provides. Specimen plants are plants grown by themselves in a lawn or garden for ornamental effect, rather than being massed with others as are bedding plants or edging plants. Specimen plants can thus serve as focal points in landscape design. There are no rules as to the type of trees that may be used as specimens, but they are typically selected for outstanding qualities, such as unusual or variegated foliage, spectacular flowering, or beautiful autumnal color. SPECIMEN TREES DEFINED LARGER DECIDUOUS TREES • A small tree or large shrub, native to streams and rivers in the west • Flowers are catkins, appearing early in spring before the leaves emerge • Upright habit with unusual cones and attractive cherry-like bark • Moist soil, full sun to part shade • Mature height 20’, spread 10’ NATIVE THINLEAF ALDER Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia • Slender native tree with an oval crown • Drooping leaves, does not sucker as much as Narrowleaf Cottonwood • Weak-wooded, prone to breakage, aggressive root system! • Moist, full sun • Mature height 50’, spread 30’ • NOT RECOMMENDED LANCELEAF COTTONWOOD Populus acuminata • Asymmetrical coarsely textured leaves, yellow fall color • Small edible purple berry favored by birds • Hackberry Nipple Gall is a minor cosmetic issue • Mature bark develops corky ridges and an interesting warty texture • Adaptable to many adverse conditions • Xeric, deer resistant, full sun to light shade • Mature height 60’, spread 40’ HACKBERRY Celtis occidentalis • Does well in clay soils • Dark green leaves with silvery-white undersides • Reddish-bronze fall color • Xeric, full sun to light shade • Mature height 50’, spread 40’ SWAMP WHITE OAK Quercus bicolor • Tolerates a wide range of soil types and air pollutants • Unusual corky twigs • Yellow-brown fall color and distinctive acorns • Xeric, full sun • Mature height 70’, spread 50’ BUR OAK Quercus macrocarpa • Fast growing tree with broad spreading branches and a round crown. • Leaves turn dark red, then ruddy brown and orange in the fall • May be harder to establish at higher elevations. • Semi-Xeric, full sun • Mature height 50’, spread 30’ NORTHERN RED OAK Quercus rubra • Broad round-topped tree with spreading branches • Fairly rapid grower, tolerates heavy soils; available as a columnar form • Yellow fall color, elongated acorns • Xeric, full sun • Mature height 50’, spread 40’ ENGLISH OAK Quercus robur • Prefers the moist, well-drained and slightly acidic soils of higher elevations • Prone to a large variety of insect and disease problems; short lived! • Use nursery grown stock only, plant on north or east exposures • Moist, full sun • Mature height 35’, spread 20’ • NOT RECOMMENDED QUAKING ASPEN Populus tremuloides • Native maple of the British Isles; widely used in Salt Lake City landscapes • Adapts to a wide variety of soils, including heavy clay and alkaline soils • Tolerant of heat, drought, air pollution and urban conditions • Moderate moisture, full sun to light shade • Mature height 30’, spread 20’ HEDGE MAPLE Acer campestre SMALLER DECIDUOUS TREES • Grows as a small tree or large multistem shrub • Very hardy, reddish samaras • Red to orange to yellow fall color • Xeric, full sun to light shade • Mature height 20’, spread 10’ GINNALA (AMUR) MAPLE Acer ginnala • Small native tree or large shrub • Oval crown with smooth gray branches – young twigs are red • Fall color is a rose red with yellow • Xeric, full sun • Mature height 10 to 20’, spread 10’ ROCKY MOUNTAIN MAPLE Acer glabrum • Native maple tolerant of our poor soils; very drought resistant • Outstanding as a specimen tree • Dark green leaves turn to red, yellow and orange in the fall • Xeric, full sun • Mature height 25’, spread 25’ BIGTOOTH MAPLE Acer grandidentatum • Small tree or large shrub with irregularly oval to rounded crown • Shallow lobed green leaves turn to yellow to orange-yellow in fall • Winged seeds mature to rosy-red • ‘Hot Wings’ is the best cultivar • Xeric, full sun to light shade • Mature height 20’, spread 15’ TATARIAN MAPLE Acer tataricum • Shrub or small tree with suckering growth habit • Tolerant of heavy clay soils • Fragrant white flowers turn to purple-black fruit • Yellow to soft red fall color • Xeric, full sun • Mature height and spread 6’to 12’ SASKATOON SERVICEBERRY Amelanchier alnifolia • Large shrub or small tree with an upright rounded crown • Clusters of white fragrant flowers mature to black fruit • Orange, red and yellow fall color • Xeric, full sun • Mature height and spread 15’ to 20’ SHADBLOW SERVICEBERRY Amelanchier canadensis • Upright branches form a graceful vaseshaped tree • Early spring flower clusters produce edible berries • Leaves emerge coppery-red turning to green with orange to red fall color • Xeric, full sun • Mature height 25’, spread 20’ AUTUMN BRILLIANCE SERVICEBERRY Amelanchier grandiflora ‘Autumn Brilliance’ • Unusual birch with cinnamon colored bark • Shiny green leaves turn yellow to orange in the fall • Native to Colorado, more resistant to borer • Moist soils, part shade to full sun • Mature height 30’, spread 25’ COLORADO RIVER BIRCH Betula occidentalis var. fontinalis • Thornless horizontal branches form a small tree with a globular habit • Glossy dark green leaves turn yellow in fall • Flat white flower clusters in spring followed by dark red persistent fruit • Xeric, deer resistant, full sun • Mature height 20’, spread 15’ THORNLESS COCKSPUR HAWTHORN Crataegus crus-galli var. inermis also known as CRUSADER HAWTHORN Crataegus crus-galli var. inermis ‘Crusader’ • Thorny, dense upright growth habit • Long lasting white flowers; scarlet fruit with bright glossy green leaves • Red fall color • Xeric, deer resistant, full sun • Mature height 20’, spread 15’ WASHINGTON HAWTHORN Crataegus phaenopyrum • Does well in clay and alkaline soils • Tolerates both wet soils and drought once established • White flowers followed by bright red fruit; long thorns are very sharp • Xeric, deer resistant, full sun • Mature height 20’, spread 15’ FLESHY (NATIVE)HAWTHORN Crataegus succulenta • Shiny green leaves with minimal thorns. Excellent specimen tree • Showy white flowers followed by bright red fruit that persists through the winter • Red to orange fall color • Xeric, full sun to light shade, deer resistant • Mature height 30’, spread 20’ WINTER KING HAWTHORN Crataegus viridis ‘Winter King’ • Small shrubby tree with horizontal branches and thin thorns • White flowers turn to persistent red fruit; yellowish bark • Bright orange to red fall color • Xeric, full sun to light shade, deer resistant • Mature height 15’, spread 15’ RUSSIAN HAWTHORN Crataegus ambigua • Large shrub or small tree – remove suckers to prevent unwanted spread • Unpleasantly aromatic white flowers followed by edible round red plums • Yellow fall color • Xeric, full sun to light shade • Mature height 15’, spread 10’ AMERICAN PLUM Prunus americana • Large oval-rounded shrub or small tree that suckers freely • Green summer foliage with yellow to orange-red fall color; white spring flowers • Small purple fruit great for jellies, jams, pies and sauces • Moderate moisture, full sun to light shade • Mature height 25’, spread 20’ NATIVE CHOKECHERRY Prunus virginiana • Small to medium sized tree with an irregular branching habit • Shiny dark green leaves • Yellow to orange, red and bronze fall color • Xeric, full sun, deer resistant • Mature height 15’, spread 12’ GAMBEL OAK Quercus gambelii EVERGREEN TREES • Grows poorly in clay soils • Soft, flattened pale blue-green needles • Cones are upright, yellow-green, maturing to brown or purple • Full sun, moderate moisture, deer resistant • Mature height 50’, spread 25’ WHITE FIR Abies concolor • Does well in dry, sandy soils. Intolerant of wet soils • Light blue-green to dark green scale like foliage, blue berries • Available cultivars – Cologreen, Moonglow, Wichita Blue • Xeric, full sun, deer resistant • Mature height 50’, spread 20’ ROCKY MOUNTAIN JUNIPER Juniperus scopulorum • Waxy grey-green needles, can vary from green to intense silver-blue • Susceptible to Spruce Gall Adelgid, Tussock Moth, Spruce Ips Beetle, Pine Needle Scale • Xeric, full sun to light shade, deer resistant • Mature height 60’, spread 25’ COLORADO SPRUCE Picea pungens • Hardy, very drought tolerant native pine. Also known as Foxtail Pine • Buy nursery grown stock only! • White speckles on the needles are a secreted resin • Xeric, full sun, deer resistant • Mature height 30’, spread 15’ BRISTLECONE PINE Pinus aristata • Native pine that is slow growing. Do not plant in lawn areas! • Nursery grown stock is preferable. Current recommendation is to plant trees that are 6’ tall or less in height • Xeric, full sun, deer resistant • Mature height 30’, spread 20’ PINYON PINE Pinus cembroides edulis • Native pine grows from 5,000 to 12,000 ft. elevation • Branches can be bent double without breaking – withstands heavy snows and wind • Xeric, full sun to light shade • Common cultivar – Vanderwolf’s Pyramid (20’ X 10’). Great specimen tree • Mature height 40’, spread 30’ LIMBER PINE Pinus flexilis • Dark green long needles, tolerates heat and cold • Withstands overwatering, transplanting and planting in sodded areas better than Ponderosa Pine • Xeric, full sun to light shade • Mature height 50’, spread 20’ • Much overused – USE SPARINGLY AUSTRIAN PINE Pinus nigra • Native to southwestern Colorado and the mountains of Arizona, west Texas and into central Mexico • Soft dark bluish-green needles and large ornamental cones • Xeric to low moisture, full sun to light shade • Mature height 50’, spread 30’ SOUTHWESTERN WHITE PINE Pinus strobiformis • Native pine with a medium rate of growth. Difficult to transplant • Nursery grown stock is preferable. Current recommendation is to plant trees that are 6’ tall or less in height • Xeric, full sun, deer resistant • Many problems with engraver beetles (Pine Ips, MPBB) • Mature height 50’, spread 25’ PONDEROSA PINE Pinus ponderosa • Fast growing, very hardy and wind resistant; commonly grown as Christmas trees • Light to medium green needles with reddish bark and cones • Full sun to light shade • Mature height 50’, spread 40’ SCOTCH PINE Pinus sylvestris • One of the primary forest trees in Colorado – LIMITED AVAILABILITY • Soft medium green needles • Distinctive cones (the "tails" give the appearance of a rat running under a shingle) • Full sun and slightly moist, well drained soils are preferred • Mature height 60’, spread 25’ DOUGLAS FIR Psuedotsuga menziesii To give the “instant tree” appearance, larger-caliper trees are often the choice for homeowners. However, the root systems of larger trees also take longer to redevelop in the establishment phase of the life cycle before the trees shift into the growth phase. During the establishment phase canopy growth will be minimal. For this reason, smaller trees are recommended on sites where less than ideal growing conditions exist. BEST SIZE TO PLANT? In Hardiness Zones 4 and 5 with good planting techniques and good soil conditions, it typically takes one growing season per inch of trunk caliper (measured at 6 inches above soil line) for roots to establish following transplanting. That is, a one-inch caliper tree will take one season for the roots to establish, while a three-inch caliper tree will take three seasons. In cooler regions with shorter growing seasons it will take longer. On sites with poor soils and poor planting techniques, the establishment phase may be longer, and trees must live off carbohydrate reserves until roots become established. BEST SIZE TO PLANT? Deciduous Evergreen – 1” to 1 ½” caliper – 6’ BEST SIZE TO PLANT? It is common to see trees planted with poor planting techniques that never establish, but rather decline over a period of time. In recent years poor planting techniques have killed more trees than any insect or disease outbreak! BEST WAY TO PLANT? • Excavate planting holes with sloping sides. • Do not disturb soil at bottom of planting holes, but do score the sides of the planting hole. • Make excavations at least three times as wide as the root ball diameter and less (one to three inches) than the distance from the top most root in the root ball and the bottom of the root ball. • The planting area shall be loosened and aerated at least three to five times the diameter of the root ball. • Backfill shall consist of existing on site soil – no amendments shall be used unless otherwise specified. • Trees shall be planted with the root collar/flare visible above grade and two or more structural roots located within the top 1” to 2” of the root ball/finished grade measured 3” to 4” from the trunk. This includes trees that are set on slopes. Cut off bottom 1/3 of wire basket before placing tree in hole, cut off remainder of basket after tree is set in hole, remove basket completely where possible. Remove all nylon ties, twine, rope and burlap as possible. Remove unnecessary packing material. • Form soil into a 3” to 5” tall watering ring (saucer) around planting area. This is not necessary in irrigated turf areas. • Apply 2” to 4” depth of specified mulch inside watering ring. • Staking and guying of trees is optional in most planting situations. In areas of extreme winds, or on steep slopes, staking may be necessary to stabilize trees. Staking and guying must be removed within 1 year or less of planting date. • Tree wrap shall not to be used on any new plantings. • Set root ball on undisturbed soil. • Trees where the trunk flare is not visible shall be rejected. Do not cover the root ball with soil.