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Download Datura stramonium - Australian Weeds and Livestock
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Datura stramonium Common name: Thornapple, False Castor Oil, Jimson Weed, Palatability to Livestock: Not known to be eaten. Toxicity to Goats: High risk. Toxicity to Other Species: Toxic to cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, and poultry. Poisonous Principle: The tropane alkaloids, hyoscyamine, scopolamine and atropine. Effects: Signs and symptoms; . Constipation and infrequent urination. . Excitation, later depression, hallucinations. . Muscle trembling, weakness leading to an unsteady gait, and eventual recumbency. . Dilated pupils, dry mouth and nose. . Increased heart rate, but weak pulse. . Loss of rumen sounds, laboured respiration. Comments: . Most plants are annuals, so prevent seeding. . A very erect weed growing to over a metre. . Stems and leaves are bright green, tinged with purple. Leaves are large, lobed and alternate, dark above, pale below, pungent smell when crushed. . Flowers are white, sometimes pink or purple, trumpet shaped, flaring at the open end, about ten cms long., singly in forks of branches, summer to autumn. . Fruit is an egg-shaped spiny globular capsule, about 5 cms across, with up to 100 spines. . In autumn the seed capsule dries off to spread the large black seeds, viable for 20 years. . Summer growing, a problem in wet seasons. . The plant has a strong bitter taste, and offensive odour, which may deter grazing. . Humans may get dermatitis from the leaves, flowers or fruit. All parts are toxic to eat. . Widespread throughout all Australia. Health and Production Problems; . Some cases recover, with no long term effects on their productivity, others die. Treatment; . Be aware of potential stock problems. . Activated charcoal. . Herbicides can increase palatability. Integrated Control Strategy: . Cultivate before seeding, to kill seeds. . Biological controls are being tested. . Wick wipe with herbicide before flowering. (Group I), eg Grazon.® . This is a declared “Noxious Weed” in Tas, Vic, Qld , WA. NT. Picture: Datura stramonium weeds.org.au Further Reading: . Everist. Poisonous Plants of Australia. 1981 . Dowling and McKenzie. Poisonous Plants. 1993 . Henry, Hall, Jordan, Milson, Schefe and Silcock. Pasture Plants of Southern Inland Queensland. 1995 . McBarron. Medical and Veterinary Aspects of Plant Poisons. 1976 . Parsons and Cuthbertson. NoxiousWeeds of Australia. 2001 . Roth. Weeds. Friend or Foe 2001 . Simmonds, Holst and Bourke. Palatability and Potential Toxicity of Australian Weeds to Goats. 2000 . Shepherd. Pretty but Poisonous. 2004 Information included in this Info Sheet was obtained from the source documents, and no responsibility will be accepted by the compiler.