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The Solar System In the beginning… •In the second century ________________ (Greek) proposed a theory that planets orbited the earth ________________________ •Between 1500 – 1530 __________________________ (Polish) changed the theory to planets orbiting the sun __________________________ •16th century _________________ proved that the planets orbited in __________________________________________________ and not complete circles. •________________________ explained planet motion as a result of _________________________________________________ Gravity keeps them close to the sun and inertia keeps them moving. Rotation versus Revolution •Rotation – the time it takes a planet to make a complete circle on its own axis. (Equal to one day on that planet) •Revolution – the time it takes a planet to circle the sun completely. (equal to one year on that planet) •Do all planets have a day that is 24 hours and a year that is 365 days? Definition of a Planet Definition of a planet: A planet must be: _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ clearing the immediate region of smaller objects. •Mercury – _______________, almost no atmosphere, sun is 9 times closer, moves around the sun ____________________ than all other planets. Year = 88 days. ____________________________. Mercury has changed very little in the last billion years. Cliffs and plains from past volcanic eruptions. All volcanoes now dormant. Day = 175 Earth days. Temp. range 427°C to –170°C. No satellites •Venus – _____________________________ planet. Atmosphere is mostly ___________________________________ and mostly thick cloud cover. Winds 350 km/hr. Always __________________. Deep canyons, vast plains. Mountains as tall as those on Earth. Huge channel some believe was once an ocean. ________________________________________ (sun rises in west…) Day = 243 earth days. Year = 224 earth days. Scientists believe ocean dried up due to _______________________________. No satellites EARTH •A year on Earth is exactly 365.26 days. This is the reason for a leap year every four years. _________________________ are caused by the ________________________________________ on its own axis. When the N hemisphere is tilted toward the sun it is summer for us; when the S hemisphere is tilted toward the sun it is their summer. During an equinox (spring/fall) neither is tilted toward the sun. 1 satellite we have named ___________ EARTH’S Satellite •The moon is 3476 km in diameter. Its diameter is ¼ the size of Earth’s. ______________________________________. It is dry, airless, and barren. Noon is about 100°C or higher, night is –175°C. Has dark areas (plains) called maria and highlands up to 8 km. Its largest crater is called __________________________________ and is 91 km wide. Evidence of having volcanoes once. •Mars – ________________ in color, has _____________________________ Phobos and Deimos meaning fear and terror. Rocks found in Antarctica had live bacteria comparable to our bacteria. Has an enormous ___________________________________________________________________ (3 times size of Mt. Everest). Windstorms that are up to 200 km/hr. ________________ from these storms ____________________________________________________. •Jupiter – _________________________________________________. Composed of ______________ and ________________. ____________– low, dark colored clouds. ______________ – high, lightly colored clouds. Red Spot is a hurricane like storm that has been rotating for more than 300 years. Has ___satellites. Has rings •Saturn – made mostly of _______________________________________. Has ammonia ice near top of its clouds. Has _____ known satellites, giant one is named Titan. May have methane (gas, liquid, and solid “ice”) similar to water on earth. Has complex ring system •Uranus – discovered in 1781. ___________ in color. Has _____ satellites, 2 big ones named Oberon and Titania. Has _____ rings. Because it is ________________________________________; each pole spends 42 Earth years in darkness and 42 years in sunlight. It has a ____________________________________________ of –215°C because of its atmosphere. Scientists think a large objects gravity may be pulling Uranus on its side •Neptune – discovered in 1846. Slightly smaller than Uranus but same ______________ color. Considered the twin giants. Has clouds and belts like other gas giants. Once had a great dark spot like Jupiter but it disappeared in 1994. Has _____ satellites, largest is Triton. Has ____________________ geysers. Also, has a ___________________________________________ •Pluto – discovered in 1930. Named after the Roman god for the underworld. Pluto is a little more than moon-sized and may be an escaped moon of Neptune. Now considered a _____________ planet. It has a satellites named Charon that is roughly the same size as Pluto. “Pluto is a chunk of ice which controls nothing, its orbit is a slave to Neptune’s”. •Planet X and more – Scientists have found many dwarf planets in the Kuiper Belt beyond Pluto. They think a planet or object in this belt is pulling Uranus on its side. Could be the sister star to the sun because most stars are in pairs. Rarely are they single. ASTEROID BELT •The ________________________________ is located between Mars and Jupiter. •______________________ – chunk of metal/stone that orbits the sun. (millions enter our atmosphere daily) •______________________ – streak of light that is produced by a burning meteoroid. •______________________ – a meteor that strikes the Earth’s surface. •______________: another dwarf planets orbits in this area