Download Viruses Bacteria Fungi and Parasites Notes

Term 3---Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, and Parasites (VBFP) Notes
term
microorganism
pathogen
aerobic
definition or
information
a living thing that
cannot be seen without a
microscope
any microorganism that
causes disease
***Ways our bodies
fight off illness or
disease----fever
--vomiting
--increase WBC
requires oxygen
anaerobic
absence of air or free
oxygen
homeostasis
everything within the
cell is in equilibrium
(balance) and
functioning properly
antibiotics
substance that kill
bacteria or slow their
growth
***does not work
against viruses
*penicillin, amoxicillin
*bacitracin
*erythromycin
 misuse leads to
resistant bacteria
 negative impact on
good bacteria in
intestinal tract
diagram or example
viruses
bacteria
fungi
protists or protozoa (amoeba)
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Term 3---Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, and Parasites (VBFP) Notes
vaccine
small dose or a fragment
of a pathogen (some are
killed or weakened
bacteria or virus)
antibodies
pasteurization
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*Varicella (chicken pox)
*MMR (measles,
mumps, rubella)
*DTP (diphtheria,
pertussis, tetanus)
*Polio
 produced by a kind
of white blood cell
called a plasma cell
 used by the immune
system to identify
and neutralize
foreign objects like
bacteria and viruses
process of heating a
food product to kill all
bacteria
Use of single-celled organisms in industry, in the production of food, and impacts on life--1. algae in biofuel production
2. bacteria to breakdown waste and toxic substances in sewage-disposal facilities
3. bacteria used as natural enemies of organisms that damage food crops
4. genetic engineering techniques--a. used to produce medicines and hormones
b. used in the production of human growth hormone or insulin
5. dairy products---fermentation bacteria convert milk to make cheese, cultured milk, yogurt
6. causes breads to rise; fermenting sugars to alcohol; decaying to replenish nutrients in soil
7. bacteria---used in pickling process; fermentation of milk; manufacture of vitamins, amino acids,
some enzymes and hormones
8. Antibiotics; application in chemotherapy, plant pathology, food preservation, veterinary medicine
and as research tools in biochemistry and molecular biology
Term 3---Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, and Parasites (VBFP) Notes
Viruses-type
information--diagram
viruses  causes illness when it infects a living cell
 nonliving
 only does reproduction
 needs a host cell to reproduce
 kills the host cell and releases the viruses to
infect/kill more cells
 Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
 AIDS---acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--immune cells involved (T cells); T cells are WBC
that are produced in bone marrow and matures in
the thymus
 HIV---human immunodeficiency virus---impacts
immune system (harms ability to fight off
infections); destroys WBC
 Many plant diseases are caused by viruses. Plant
scientists are using a vaccine to protect elm trees
against the Dutch elm virus.
Viruses and Illness
Illness
Common cold
Symptoms
nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing
Chicken pox
Influenza (flu)
Coughing, sneezing, blisters
chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe
headache, coughing, weakness/fatigue and general
discomfort
Backache, fatigue, fever, raised pink rash (turns into
sores that become crusty on day 8 or 9), vomiting,
severe headache
Muscle aches, loss of reflexes, (in 1% will result in
paralysis), flu like symptoms
fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body
aches, headache, chills, fatigue, vomiting or diarrhea
*** cervical cancer is associated with HPV; usually
no symptoms
Smallpox
Polio
(poliovirus)
HIV/AIDS
Human
papilloma
virus (HPV)
Yellow fever
measles
mumps
West Nile
virus
Swine flu
(H1N1)
Ebola
Fever, chills, muscle aches, vomiting, abdominal
pain
high fever, tiredness, muscle aches, irritability, red
and watery eyes, swelling of the eyelids, hacking
cough, runny nose, rash
Fever, tiredness, muscle aches, loss of appetite, sore
throat, chills
fever, headache, neck stiffness, tremors, muscle
weakness, vision loss, paralysis
fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache,
chills, fatigue, vomiting diarrhea
Fever, fatigue, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting
Mode of Transmission/Vector
inhaling the virus
touching contaminated object
Direct contact
Airborne droplets
***people lack immunity to new strain
Direct contact
***contagious
Direct contact with infected
mucus/phlegm or fecal material
Body fluids or sexual contact
Direct contact
Bite of infected mosquitoes
Coughing or sneezing
**highly contagious
Airborne droplets
Mosquitoes or ticks
Coughing or sneezing
Airborne droplets and body fluids
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Term 3---Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, and Parasites (VBFP) Notes
Bacteria--type
information--bacteria
 disrupt normal cell functions (toxins/poisons)
(bacterium)  no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
 enter body through food, water, or cuts in skin
 reproduce quickly (every 20-30 minutes)
 many can be treated by antibiotics; misuse
leads to resistant bacteria; negative impact on
good bacteria in intestinal tract
 dental caries (cavities) caused by bacteria in
mouth (favorable for nutrients)
 lactic acid bacteria---break down lactose (sugar
in milk and milk products)
 in meat---bacteria multiply quickly, survive, and
grow when meat is left out of fridge
 bacteria aids in digestion -- Escherichia coli (E.
coli ); production of vitamin K and certain B
vitamins
 helpful as decomposers and in the nitrogen
fixation process
 production of foods---cottage cheese, buttermilk,
yogurt; vinegar and sauerkraut are also
produced by the action of bacteria on ethyl
alcohol and cabbage, respectively.
 Pseudomonas putida is a petroleum-eating
bacteria (Gulf Oil Spill)
diagram
Diseases Caused by Bacteria
Disease
Lyme disease
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
(Doc Holliday
died of TB)
Diphtheria
Strep throat
Cholera
Food poisoning
Bacterium
Borrelia
burgdorferi
Clostridium
tetani
Effect on Body
“Bulls-eye” rash, fever, fatigue,
muscle aches, joint aches
Muscle spasms, paralysis, death
Mycobacteriu
m tuberculosis
Fatigue, weight loss, mild fever,
cough, death
Corynebacteri
um
diphtheriae
Streptococcus
pyogenes
Vibrio
cholerae
Sore throat, low-grade fever,
difficulty swallowing and
breathing, death
Fever, sore throat, swollen glands
airborne or direct contact
causes increased release of water
in the intestines, which produces
severe diarrhea; rapid dehydration;
vomiting
Fever, sweating, abdominal pains
exposure to contaminated water or food
Salmonella
gastroenteritis
Mode of Transmission/Vector
deer ticks
spores are in soil, dust, and animal waste
and can survive there for many years;
disease typically follows an acute injury
that results in a break in the skin
airborne droplets
airborne droplets
ingested in food and water
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Term 3---Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, and Parasites (VBFP) Notes
Pneumonia
(bacterial form)
Typhoid fever
(Typhoid
Mary)
Botulism
Typhus
(Anne Frank
died of typhus
while at a
concentration
camp)
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
(most
common)
Salmonella
typhi
Fever, chills, chest pain
Airborne droplets
diarrhea, severe fever, headache,
apathy, rash, abdominal pain
Food and water contamination
--can be transmitted by a human carrier
Clostridium
botulinum
Rickettsia
typhi
or
Rickettsia
prowazekii
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
vomiting, paralysis, death
Headache, fever, chills, rash
Food contamination
Types of typhus and carriers:
 epidemic/louse-borne typhus
(caused by Rickettsia
prowazekii) carried by the
body-louse
 murine typhus (caused by R.
typhi) carried by the rat or cat
flea
 scrub typhus (caused
by Orientia tsutsugamushi)
carried by mites
Fungi--type
fungi
(fungus)
information--diagram
 yeast (bread making)
 mushrooms (food and decomposers)
 mold and mildew
 ringworm---skin infection (common one is
athlete’s foot)
 molds---cause problems when people inhale
mold or spores (reproductive cells); once in
lungs can cause allergic reactions, asthma
attacks, and pneumonia
 mold---inhaled spores irritates respiratory
system
Bread Yeast Cells---
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Term 3---Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, and Parasites (VBFP) Notes
Parasites--type
parasites
information-- organism that lives on or in another organism
 uses the tissues or fluids of its host as a source
of food
 overtime this may weaken or sicken the host
diagram
Diseases Caused by Parasites
Parasite
Trypanosoma
brucei
Entamoeba
histolytica
Plasmodium
vivax
Ascaris
lumbriocoides
Enterobius
vermicularis
Disease
Sleeping sickness
(destroys RBC; lethargic)
Amoebic dysentery
Giardia
intestinalis
Schistosoma
mansoni
different
species based
on the food
Giardia
Malaria
Roundworm
Pinworm
Schistosomiasis
tapeworms
How Disease is Spread
The tsetse fly transfers the organism from another host,
such as a cow.
Parasites are acquired from contaminated water or from
food contaminated by untreated sewage.
The Anopheles mosquito transfers the organism to the
human bloodstream.
The organism invades the gastrointestinal tract after its
eggs are consumed in contaminated food.
The worm’s eggs are consumed in contaminated food.
The worms hatch and move into the colon, where they
lay more eggs. Contaminated hands lead to
reinfestation and contamination of more food.
Parasitic protozoan in contaminated water
Parasitic worms in contaminated water hatch in the
intestines
Parasitic worms in contaminated food which live in the
intestines; consume the food or nutrients in the small
intestine
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