Download Heart rate lab

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Samarah Cook
February 11, 2011
Ziegler
Period 5/6
Title: Chapter 7 Lab: Exercise and Heart Rate (Pulse)
Lab Partner: Olivia Beatty
Lab Safety Precautions: see sheet
Problem/Question Investigated: How does the effect of exercising moderately and
rigorously have on your heart rate?
Background Research: see sheet and below paragraph
The hypothesis used in the experiment was: if a person moderately
exercises, their heart rate will be lower than if a person rigorously, exercises
because a person’s heart pumps faster since there is a need for more oxygen,
therefore a person breathes faster. The faster a person works, the more oxygen
needed for their muscles to function. ATP is needed so without the presence of
oxygen, cell respiration could not occur, which is the process that makes ATP. A
heart must pump faster because more oxygenated blood must be transported
throughout the body, at a faster rate.
To test if the hypothesis was right, independent, dependent, and constants
were created. The independent variable was the type of exercise used. The
dependent variable was how the heart rate reacts to that exercise. And lastly, the
constants were: the same person must do the experiment since everyone’s heart
rates are different. The same amount of time for each exercise must be a constant
because the longer the time, the higher the heart rate. Furthermore, the same
exercise must stay constant, since other exercises are more strenuous than others,
also increasing the heart rate. There are two ways to take your heart rate: placing
your hand on your wrist (radial pulse) or placing your hand on your neck (carotid
pulse). One pulse may be faster than the other so only one method should be used.
The control condition was the resting heart rate and the experimental conditions
were the heart rates taken when moderately and rigorously exercising.
Materials list:
*Stopwatch or clock with a second hand
Procedure:
1. Take resting heart rate by placing hand on wrist for one minute and record.
2. Repeat step 1, two more times.
3. Do jumping jacks, at moderate pace for 30 seconds.
4. Test heart rate for one minute, then record.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4, two more times.
6. Run a 42-foot distance for 30 seconds rigorously.
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7. Take heart rate for 1 minute and record.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7, two more times.
9. Get averages from the resting heart rate and moderate and rigorous
exercises.
10. Record and make line graph.
Analysis Questions:
1. The effect of increased activity on heart rate (pulse) was that the
heart rate went up due to the need of more oxygen needed by your
muscles to make ATP. Yes this supports our hypothesis since we
concluded the more work one person does, the more oxygen/more
ATP needed.
2. When exercising you increase the use of your muscles.
a. Three specific molecules that the circulatory system could
transport to the muscle tissues are oxygen, glucose, or ADP,
which are needed for cellular respiration. The glucose is
broken down to pyruvic acids, which gives the electrons to
the electron carriers. The electrons are then used to attract
the H+ ions that move quickly through ATP synthase, which
makes ATP. Oxygen is used because in cell respiration, the
electron carriers will not drop off their electrons to the ATP
synthase, so ATP would not be produced. ADP is used to
make ATP to do work in the muscle tissue.
b. Three specific molecules that the circulatory system could
transport away from the muscle tissues are carbon dioxide,
lactic acid, and creatinine. Carbon dioxide could have been
produced since it is made as a waste product in the Krebs
cycle, which is part of cell respiration. Lactic acid could
have been made if the muscle tissue did not get enough
oxygen to go through cell respiration, so it had to ferment,
turning pyruvic acid into lactic acid. Creatinine is a
chemical waste molecule that is made from muscle
metabolism. It is usually filtered out from the kidneys and
disposed as urine
(http://www.medicinenet.com/creatinine_blood_test/artic
le.htm).
3. Circulatory and respiratory systems could be considered because
during the circulatory system, the goal is to transport oxygen rich
blood throughout the body. In the respiratory system, the goal is
to distribute oxygen to cells to start cellular respiration. Without
one system, the other would not be able to do its job correctly.
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These two systems would be called the cardiopulmonary system
because during the circulatory system, oxygen pore blood would
travel to the lungs to become oxygenated. If there wasn’t a
respiratory system to transport oxygen to the lungs, there would
be no oxygenated blood to be transported throughout the body,
and we would not be able to function.
4. If we had measured blood pressure instead of heart rate the graph
would have looked similar because the harder you exercise, the
higher your blood pressure would increase. This is the same to
the graph made since the more you exercise, the more beats per
minute you have.