Download Unit 3 Digging Deeper

Unit 3 Digging Deeper
Lesson 1 Geography of the Fertile Crescent
Generalization : People create systems to meet their needs
Big Idea – The valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were the site of the world’s first
civilization.
Main Ideas
- The rivers of Southwest Asia supported the growth of civilization
- New farming techniques led to the growth of cities
- The Sumerians created the world’s first advanced society.
Direction: True/False Read the False statements below. Replace each underlined
word with one from the word bank that makes each sentence True.
Word Bank
Irrigation
division of labor
silt
Mesopotamia
1. The Fertile Crescent, a large arc of rich farmland, contains the land between the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers known as Egypt.
2. Soil is a mix of tiny rocks and water.
3. Agriculture is a way to supply water to an area of land.
4. The type of arrangement where people specialize in different tasks is called
production.
6. Identify --What does Mesopotamia mean? On what rivers did Mesopotamia
develop?
7. Explain – How did irrigation help farmers?
8. Recall – What was the basic political unit of Sumer?
9. Describe – What were city-states and how did they get along with each other?
Lesson 2 – The Achievements of the Sumerians
Generalization: Invention and Innovations often have long-term impacts
Big Ideas – The Sumerians developed the first civilization in Mesopotamia and made
many advances that helped their society develop
Main Ideas
- Religion played a major role in Sumerian society
- The Sumerians invented the world’s first writing system
- Advances and invention changed Sumerian lives
- Many types of art developed in Sumer
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word, phrase or name
1. The Sumerians developed ______________, the world’s first system of writing.
2. A __________________ is a pyramid-shaped temple tower that rose above each
Sumerian city.
3. Among the contributions of the Sumerians to modern society was the
_______________, and the first vehicles to use is, such as carts and wagons.
1. Identify – What is polytheism?
2. Draw Conclusions – Why do you think priests were so influential in ancient Sumerian
society?
3. Identify --What is cuneiform?
4. Recall – How did Sumerians write?
5. Recall – What was one of the most important technical developments of Sumer?
6. Recall – What was at the center of most Sumerian cities?
7. Recall – What were two early uses of the wheel?
8. Explain – Why do you think the invention of the plow was so important to the
Sumerians?
Lesson 3 – Hammurabi
Generalization: Leaders have both long and short-term impacts
Big Idea – The Babylonians created a code of law that influenced later cultures and still
impacts the world today.
Comprehension and Critical Thinking
Read each of the following pairs of sentences. Cross out the FALSE sentence from
each pair.
1. a.
b.
2. a.
b.
3. a.
b.
4. a.
b.
5. a.
b.
Mesopotamia lay between the Tigris River and the Euphrates River.
Mesopotamia lay between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf.
Irrigation decreased the amount of food available to Mesopotamians.
Irrigation increased the amount of food available to Mesopotamians.
A social hierarchy existed among the Sumerians because of wealth.
A social hierarchy existed among the Sumerians because of religion.
Sumerians were the first to build wheeled vehicles.
Sumerians were the first to build water-powered vehicles.
Hammurabi’s Code was important because it provided for equality.
Hammurabi’s Code was important because it was written down for all to see.
Lesson 4
Generalization: Leaders impact both their own people and other peoples
Big Idea – After the Sumerians, many cultures ruled parts of the Fertile Crescent.
Main Ideas – The Babylonians conquered Mesopotamia and created a code of law
- Invasions of Mesopotamia changed the region’s culture
1. Recall -- Why did the Hittite Kingdom come to an end?
2. identify -- What military advantage did the Assyrians have?
Lesson 5 – Geography and Ancient Egypt
Generalization: Geography can often impact all of a society or culture
Big Idea – The water, fertile soils, and protected setting of the Nile Valley allowed a
great civilization to arise in Egypt around 3200 BC.
Main Ideas –
- Egypt was called the gift of the Nile because the Nile River gave life to the
desert.
- Civilization developed along the Nile after people began farming in this region
- Strong kings unified all of Egypt.
Directions: Read the False statements below. Replace each underlined word with one
from the word bank that makes each sentence True.
Word Bank
delta
dynasty
Menes
pharaoh
1. A silt is a triangle-shaped area of land made of soil that is deposited by a river.
2. Memphis was a leader who rose to power in Upper Egypt around 3100 BC.
3. Menes founded Egypt’s first cataract, a series of rulers from the same family.
4. Historians consider Menes to be Egypt’s first double crown, the title used by the
rulers of Egypt.
5. Recall – What were the two regions that made up ancient Egypt?
6. Recall – How did farmers use the Nile to grow their crops?
7. Identify – Who was the first pharaoh of Egypt?
8. Draw Inferences – Why do you think Menes wanted to rule over both kingdoms of
Egypt?
9. Analyze – Why did Menes wear a double crown?
Lesson 6
Generalization: Religion of impacts the whole of a society
Big Idea – Egyptian government and religion were closely connected during the Old
Kingdom
Main Ideas
- In early Egyptian society, pharaohs ruled as gods and were at the top of the
social structure
- Religion shaped Egyptian life.
- The pyramids of Egypt were built as tombs for the pharaohs.
1. Recall – To what does the term Old Kingdom refer?
2. Analyze – Why was the pharaoh’s authority never questioned?
3. Identify – Who was the Egyptian sun god?
4. Describe – What did the Egyptians mean by the afterlife?
5. Describe --How did the Egyptians see the afterlife?
6. Contrast – How was the ka different from the body?
7. Analyze – Why did the Egyptians believe it was important to preserve the physical
body?
8. Explain – Why did the Egyptians want the pyramids to be spectacular?
Lesson 8 – The Middle and New Kingdoms
Generalization: Leaders impact both their own people and other peoples
Big Idea – During the Middle and New Kingdoms, order and greatness were restored in
Egypt.
Main Ideas
- The Middle Kingdom was a period of stable government between periods of
disorder.
- In the New Kingdom, Egyptian trade and military power reached their peek, but
Egypt’s greatness did not last.
- Work and daily life were different for each of Egypt’s social classes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Recall – What was the Middle Kingdom?
Identify – Where were the Hyksos from?
Summarizing – What problems caused the end of the Middle Kingdom?
Identify – Who was Hatshepsut?
Describe – What did she do as pharaoh of Egypt?
Identify – What group of invaders did Ramses the Great defeat?
Analyze – What weakened the New Kingdom?
Identify – What job employed the most people in ancient Egypt?
Analyze – What rights did Egyptian women have?
Lesson 9 – Egyptian Achievements
Big Idea – The Egyptians made lasting achievements in writing, architecture, and art
Main Ideas
- The Egyptians developed a writing system using hieroglyphics
- The Egyptians created magnificent temples, tombs, and works of art
Directions: Read each sentence and fill in the blank with the word in the word pair that
best completes the sentence.
1. _____________ is a long-lasting, paper-like material made from reeds.
(Sphinxes/Papyrus)
2. The Egyptian writing system is known as _________________.
(obelisk/hieroglyphics)
3. The tomb of ________________ was filled with treasures, including jewelry, robes, a
burial mask, and ivory statues. (King Tutankhamen/Rosetta Stone)
4. The ________________ had hieroglyphics inscribed on it and became the key to
deciphering Egyptian writing. (obelisk/Rosetta Stone)
5. ___________________ were imaginary creatures with the bodies of lions and the
heads of other animals or humans. (Sphinxes/Papyruses)
6. Identify – What are hieroglyphics?
7. Evaluate – Why was finding the Rosetta Stone so important to scholars?
8. Recall – What are two types of large structures create by the Egyptian architects?
9. Identify – What was the most sacred part of a temple?
10. Summarizing – What types of artwork were contained in Egyptian tombs?
Lesson 10 – Ancient Kush
Generalization: Contact, conflict and trade often result in cultural diffusion
Big Idea – The Kingdom of Kush, which arose south of Egypt in a land called Nubia,
developed an advanced civilization with a large trading network.
Main Ideas
- The geography of early Nubia helped civilization develop there.
- Kush and Egypt traded but they also fought.
- Later Kush became a trading power with a unique culture.
- Both internal and external factors led to the decline of Kush
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Recall – On which river did Kush develop?
Identify – What resources did the kingdom of Kush have?
Identify – Who was Piankhi and why was he important to the history of Kush?
Cause and Effect – How did the Assyrians defeat the Kushites?
Analyze – How was Kush able to conquer Egypt?
Identify – What city became the capital and economic center of later Kush?
Recall – How did Kush rebuild its economy?
Describe – Why did agriculture and iron making decline in Kush?
Evaluate – What was the impact of new trading routes on Kush?