Download Evolution Study Guide

AP Biology Evolution STUDY GUIDE
This test is Multiple Choice/Grid-In/and a few short answer. There is no FRQ potion for this exam. The Evolution FRQ question will
be given with a Physiology FRQ question on the next exam.
1. Take note of the vocabulary on the back of this page. It would not be a bad idea to make flash cards of these words.
2. The review activities we will be doing in class will all be posted on moodle. Revisit them.
Natural Selection (online Crash Course Video available in ‘Evolution Review Folder’ on Moodle)
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Understand Darwin’s 2 observations and 2 inferences he used to create his natural selection theory
Know what causes genetic variation in populations
Understand how crossing over causes genetic variation in a population
Understand how fertilization causes genetic variation in a population
Understand that variations are in the organism’s DNA, they do not come from the environment.
Understand how changes in the environment can determine which variations are most beneficial in a population.
Understand the three types of natural selection and be able to recognize their graphs
Hardy Weinberg/Chi Square (Online tutorials and videos in ‘Evolution Review Folder’ on Moodle)
- Know and understand the 5 ways a population would stay at genetic equilibrium
- Understand how to calculate population’s allelic and genotypic frequencies using the Hardy-Weinberg equation
- Understand how to calculate chi-square value and what that value means
Speciation
- Understand the different ways that speciation can occur
- Understand the types of pre-zygotic reproductive barriers and how they affect speciation
- Understand the types of post-zygotic reproductive barriers and how they affect speciation
Convergent and Divergent Evolution
- Understand the difference between divergent and convergent evolution
- Understand the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium
- Understand how DNA sequences are used as an indicator of relation between organisms
- Understand how amino acid sequences are used as an indicator of relation between organisms
- Understand how embryonic development is used as an indicator of relation between organisms
- Understand how morphologic/structural homologies are indicators of relation between organisms
- Know the difference between homologous and analogous structures and what that means about relationships
- What are vestigial structures?
- How could you determine if similar structures on two different organisms are homologous or analogous?
Phylogeny
- Know how to read phylogenetic trees
- Know how to identify common ancestors and where speciation occurs in a phylogenetic tree
- Know how to read derived, shared characteristics in a phylogenetic tree
- Know the difference between extinct and extant organisms
Fossil Evidence
- Understand the difference between relative dating (superposition) and radiometric dating (absolute)
- Understand how half-lives work in radiometric dating.
Mutation
Genetic equilibrium
Sexual selection
Allele
Genotype
Phenotype
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
Genetic Variation
Speciation
Population
Bottleneck effect
Founder effect
Genetic Drift
Gene flow
Heterozygous
Homozygous Dominant
Homozygous Recessive
Extinction
Stabilizing Natural Selection
Directional Natural Selection
Disruptive Natural Selection
Crossing over
Fertilization
Antibiotic resistance
Adaptation
Pre-Zygotic Barrier
Post-Zygotic Barrier
Reproductive isolation
Homologous structures
Analogous structures
Vestigial structures
Convergent evolution
Divergent evolution
Phylogeny
Morphology
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
Extant
Extinct
Gradualism
Punctuated Equilibrium
Hybrid
Derived, shared characteristic
Phylogenetic Tree
Lineage
Loci (on a DNA strand)
Cladogram
Half-Life