Download The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle
The Rock Cycle
…is the natural process
that rocks in the Earth's
crust go through, that
involves them
continuously
transforming into
igneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphic rocks.
What is a Rock?
• Naturally Occurring
(not man made)
• Solid
• Mixture of minerals other organic matter
What makes a rock
different from a mineral?
Rock
Both
Mineral
Made of one or more
minerals
Solid
Made of 1 type of element
Random crystal or no
crystal structure
Naturally Occurring
Orderly crystal structure
Quartz
Granite = Feldspar
Muscovite
Types of Rocks
Sedimentary:
Sandstone
Metamorphic:
Gneiss
Igneous:
Diorite
Igneous
Rocks
Igneous Rocks are formed
from Magma and Lava
Igneous rocks are classified by where they form
Intrusive
forms when magma
cools in the Earth
vs.
Extrusive
forms when lava cools
on Earth’s surface
Intrusive Vs. Extrusive
Diorite
Granite
Basalt
Pegmatite
Gabbro
Rhyolite
Andesite
Scoria
Igneous Rocks:
Crystal Size and Cooling Time
Location of Rock
Crystal Size
Intrusive (in earth)
Extrusive (earth surface)
Large crystals
Small crystals
Longer cooling time
Shorter cooling time
Picture
Cooling time
Sedimentary
Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks form from
sediment or rock particles
Sediment is material that is deposited by air,
water, or ice.
These materials can be:
▪ tiny pieces of rock
▪ broken minerals
▪ pieces of plants and animal remains
How do sedimentary
rocks form?
• Sediments pile on top of each other on land
or in water.
• As sediments pile, they become compacted
and cement together.
• This forms cemented layers of sediment.
Sedimentation
Process
Sedimentary Rock Layers
Sedimentary Rock Layers
Some rocks form from
plants or shells
• Coal- created from the remains of plants
(dead wood, bark, leaves, stems, and roots)
• The coal we use today
started forming millions
of year ago in swamps
• Limestone- created from the shells and
skeletons of ocean organisms.
Limestone Formation
Metamorphic
Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Extreme heat and pressure can change
rocks.
• The original rock is called the parent
rock
• The new rock formed is called the
metamorphic rock
• Heat and pressure change the
structure of the parent rock and their
minerals recrystallize
Examples of
Metamorphic Rocks
Extreme heat
and pressure
Parent Rock
Shale
Metamorphic Rock
Slate
Examples of
Metamorphic Rocks
Extreme heat
and pressure
Parent Rock
Limestone
Metamorphic Rock
Marble
Examples of
Metamorphic Rocks
Extreme heat
and pressure
Parent Rock
Mica
Metamorphic Rock
Phyllite
When a rock forms, does it
stay that way forever?
NO!!!!!!
Rocks are always changing by processes like:
• Weathering
• Melting
• Erosion
• Cooling
• Compaction
• Cementation
Composition of Igneous
Rocks
•Igneous rocks are mainly composed of
silicate minerals (quartz, feldspar,etc.)
•Rocks with high silicate levels-are
typically light in color
•ex: granite, rhyolite
•Rocks with low silicate levels- dark in
color
•ex: gabbro and basalt
IGNEOUS ROCKS
BASALT
GABBRO
Composition of Igneous
Rocks
•Igneous rocks are mainly composed of
silicate minerals (quartz, feldspar,etc.)
•Rocks with high silicate levels-are
typically light in color
•ex: granite, rhyolite
•Rocks with low silicate levels- dark in
color
•ex: gabbro and basalt
Igneous rocks make long-lasting landforms
1. Intrusive rock formations-as magma pushes up
toward Earth’s surface, it makes channels and
other formations underground.
2. Extrusive rock formations•builds plateaus when erupting from long crack
•gently sloping volcanoes (Hawaiian
islands)
•cone-shaped volcanoes
(1). contains greater amount of silica
(2). erupts explosively
(3). Mount St. Helens is an example
RECAP:
•Rock cycle-the set of natural
processes that form,
change, break down, and reform rocks
Our world is built of rocks
Rocks have many purposes
1. used to build houses and
skyscrapers
2. great source of metals
3. used to carve statues and other
works of art
11. Rock Cycle
Rock Cycle animation