Download Insect Taxonomic Diversity

Insect Taxonomic
Diversity
Austin Speigner
2nd
Insect Orders
Ephemoroptera
Odonata
Blattaria
Isoptera
Dermatptera
Orthoptera
Phasmidia
Hemiptera
Coleoptera
Lepidoptera
Diptera
Siphonoptera
Hymenoptera
Mantodea
Plecoptera
Ephemeroptera
Immatures
derived from the Greek
"ephemera" meaning shortlived, and "ptera" meaning
wings
• Antennae short and bristle-like
• Four to nine pairs of leaf-like or fan-like gills along the
sides of the abdomen
• Three long filaments at rear of abdomen
Adults
•Antennae short and bristle-like
•Front legs long and often held out in front of body
•Compound eyes large, usually covering most of the head
•Wings: four membranous wings with many veins and crossveins front wings
large, triangular hind wings smaller, fan-shaped
•Abdomen slender, bearing two (or sometimes three) long terminal filaments
Odonata
Odonata is an order of
carnivorous insects,
encompassing dragonflies
and damselflies.
The word dragonfly is also
sometimes used to refer to
all Odonata, but odonate is a
more correct English name
for the group as a whole.
Blattaria
Cockroaches are insects of the
order Blattodea, sometimes called
Blattaria, of which about 30
species out of 4,600 total are
associated with human habitats
About four species are well
known as pests.
Isoptera
Termites are a group of eusocial
insects that were classified at the
taxonomic rank of order Isoptera,
but are now classified either as
the infraorder Isoptera, or as
epifamiliy Termitoidae within the
cockroach order Blattodea.
While termites are
commonly known, especially
in Australia, as "white ants,"
they are not closely related
to the ants.
Dermaptera
Earwigs make up the insect
order Dermaptera and are
found throughout the
Americas, Africa, Eurasia,
Australia and New Zealand.
With about 2,000 species in 12
families, they are one of the
smaller insect orders. Earwigs
have characteristic cerci, a pair of
forceps pincers on their abdomen,
and membranous wings folded
underneath short forewings, hence
the scientific order name, "skin
wings."
Orthoptera
Orthoptera is an order of insects
with paurometabolous or
incomplete metamorphosis,
including the grasshoppers,
crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem
crickets, katydids, weta, lubber,
Acrida, and locusts.
Many insects in this order produce sound
by rubbing their wings against each
other or their legs, the wings or legs
containing rows of corrugated bumps.
The tympanum or ear is located in the
front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and
katydids, and on the first abdominal
segment in the grasshoppers and locusts.
These organisms use vibrations to locate
other individuals.
Phasmidia
Largely tropical, mostly
Oriental; in NA, much more
diverse in the South,
scarcely represented in the
North
Usually found on trees or
shrubs, herbivorous, and
body and legs very long and
slender; no wings in our spp.
(one species in Florida has
very short wings, many
exotic forms are fully
winged)
Hemiptera
Hemiptera is an order of insects
most often known as the true
bugs, comprising around 50,000–
80,000 species of cicadas, aphids,
planthoppers, leafhoppers, shield
bugs, and others.
They range in size from 1 mm to
around 15 cm, and share a
common arrangement of sucking
mouthparts. Sometimes, the name
true bugs is applied more narrowly
still to insects of the suborder
Heteroptera only.
Coleoptera
The Coleoptera order of
insects is commonly called
beetles.
The word "coleoptera" is from the
Greek κολεός, koleos, meaning
"sheath"; and πτερόν, pteron, meaning
"wing", thus "sheathed wing", because
most beetles have two pairs of wings,
the front pair, the "elytra", being
hardened and thickened into a shelllike protection for the rear pair and
the beetle's abdomen.
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is a large order
of insects that includes
moths and butterflies.
It is one of the most widespread and widely
recognizable insect orders in the world,
encompassing moths and the three
superfamilies of butterflies, skipper
butterflies, and moth-butterflies. The term
was coined by Linnaeus in 1735 and is
derived from Ancient Greek λεπίδος and
πτερόν. Comprising an estimated 174,250
species, in 126 families and 46
superfamilies, the Lepidoptera show many
variations of the basic body structure that
have evolved to gain advantages in lifestyle
and distribution
Diptera
True flies are insects of the order
Diptera. Their most obvious distinction
from other orders of insects is that a
typical fly possesses a pair of flight
wings on the mesothorax and a pair of
halteres, derived from the hind wings,
on the metathorax.
The only other order of insects
bearing two true, functional wings
plus any form of halteres are the
Strepsiptera, and in contrast to
the flies, the Strepsiptera bear
their halteres on the mesothorax
and their flight wings on the
metathorax.
Siphonaptera
Fleas are the insects forming
the order Siphonaptera.
They are wingless, with
mouthparts adapted for piercing
skin and sucking blood. Fleas are
external parasites, living by
hematophagy off the blood of
mammals and birds.
Hymenoptera
The Hymenoptera are one of the
largest orders of insects,
comprising the sawflies, wasps,
bees and ants.
The name refers to the wings of
the insects, and is derived from
the Ancient Greek ὑμήν:
membrane and πτερόν: wing. The
hind wings are connected to the
fore wings by a series of hooks
called hamuli.
Mantodea
Mantodea is an order of insects
that contains over 2,400 species
and about 430 genera in 15
families worldwide in temperate
and tropical habitats.
Most of the species are in
the family Mantidae.
Plecoptera
Commonly known as
stoneflies.
Stoneflies are believed to be one of
the most primitive groups of
Neoptera, with close relatives
identified from the Carboniferous
and Lower Permian geological
periods, while true stoneflies are
known from fossils only a bit
younger.
THE END