Download Structures of the Cardiovascular System

Structures of the
Cardiovascular System
Major Arteries and Veins
Common Core and Standards
 Common Core Standards for Literacy in Social Studies, Science, and
Technical Subjects;
 # 2- Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex
concepts, processes or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in
simpler but still accurate terms.
 #9 – Synthesize information from a range of sources into a coherent
understanding of a process, phenomenon or concept, resolving conflicting
information when possible.
 Living Environment Standards - #4
 Key Idea; Living things are both similar to and different from each other and
non-living things
 Key Idea; Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life
Aim: What are the major arteries and
veins in the human body?
 Do Now..
 Turn and talk with your partner, and discuss what the difference is between
Arteries and Veins
Cardiovascular System
 The heart, blood and blood vessels compose the
Cardiovascular system.
 This system transports fluids throughout the body.
Cardiovascular System
 The cardiovascular system is a
closed system in which the
heart pumps blood into the
arteries connected via
capillaries to veins.
 Veins then carry the blood
back to the heart.
Arteries
 The main arteries are;
 Pulmonary Arteries
 Which carries blood to the lungs
 Aorta
 Which carries blood to the rest of
the body
Veins
 Pulmonary Veins
 Which return blood from the lungs
to the heart
 Superior Vena Cava
 Which carries blood from the
upper parts of the body
 Inferior Vena Cava
 Which carries blood from the
lower parts of the body
Bacterial Cardiovascular
and Systemic Diseases
Septicemia, Bacteremia and Toxemia
Bacterial effects on the Cardiovascular
System
 Septicemia
 Refers to the presence of microbial infection of the blood that
causes illness.
 Bacteremia
 Is bacterial Septicemia
 Toxemia
 When bacteria remains fixed at the site of the infection and
releases toxins into the blood.
Aim: What is Septicemia and what are
some ways to induce it?
 Do Now:
 A patient at a local hospital has to have their appendix removed, a routine
and very safe procedure. The patient is accompanied by their spouse as
the doctor tells them about this procedure. The patient is not worried at all
and is currently enjoying a beautiful steak sandwich for dinner. The patient
feels as wonderful as they can be. The next day the patient goes under as
the anesthesiologist does their job. The procedure ends up going horribly
wrong and the wife has been arrested for manslaughter. Why?
What is Septicemia?
 Septicemia is a serious and even life-threatening
infection of the blood.
 Usually it is caused by bacterial infection, but fungi and
other organisms also cause this widespread infection of
the bloodstream.
 “Bacteremia” is another term that denotes the presence
of bacteria in the bloodstream.
 Symptoms are related to the chemicals produced
during the body’s immune response to the massive
infection.
Lymphangitis
Septicemia can lead
to an infection of the
lymphatic system in
which inflamed
lymphatic vessels
become visible as red
streaks under the skin.
Causes of Septicemia
 Antibiotic resistant strains or bacteria
 Close contact with someone who has septicemia
 Complicated labor and delivery
 Compromised immune system due to AIDS, cancer chemotherapy
or other reasons
 Indwelling catheters ( such as intravenous lines, urinary catheters,
etc.)
 Localized infections (of a specific organ, tissue or region)
 Very young age (infants) or advanced age (the elderly)
Signs and Symptoms of Septicemia
 With septicemia, a person’s
condition can decline very rapidly.
 The initial symptoms include
accelerated pulse, rapid breathing,
chills, and high fevers that come on
suddenly.
 These may lead to septic shock
which is a sudden decrease in
blood pressure, and confusion or
other mental changes.
 Red spots may occur on the skin as
a result of clotting problems in the
blood.
Aim: What are the treatments and
preventions of Septicemia?
 Do Now:
 What are some causes of septicemia?
Bacterial Septicemia - Petechiae
 Bacterial Septicemia can
trigger Petechiae
 Which are skin legions that are
small and relatively diffuse, or
may coalesce to form large
black sores which contain
dead cells.
Toxemia - TSLS
 Toxemia will manifest differently
depending on what toxins are
involved.
 A severe form of Toxemia with
Septic shock is TSLS
(Streptococcal toxic-shock-like
syndrome), in which the patients
blood pressure drops very low
and they may suffer from
dizziness, confusion, difficulty
breathing and their liver and
kidneys may fail.
Diagnosis
 Physicians diagnose Septicemia based upon signs and
symptoms, and are able to culture bacteria from the
blood of fewer than half of patients with characteristics
signs and symptoms of sepsis;
 The majority of patients therefore have ‘occult
septicemia’ a term referring to the fact that the exact
bacterial cause is hidden.
Treatment
 Treatment of septicemia requires hospitalization, typically in the intensive
care unit (ICU), where you will be given fluids and medications
intravenously.
 You will receive antibiotics to fight the infection, as well as supplemental
oxygen, plasma or other blood products to help with blood-clotting
problems and other abnormalities.
 Respiratory support, sometimes in the form of a ventilator (breathing
machine) or hemodialysis, may be required.
 Septicemia is a very serious illness that can be fatal. It is imperative that you
seek medical attention immediately and that you follow your healthcare
provider’s treatment plan exactly.
Prevention
 Prevention of Septicemia depends on the prompt
treatment of the infection.
 If treatment is delayed, bacteria multiply and the use of
some antimicrobial drugs can worsen a patient’s
condition.
 Early diagnosis and treatment are vital.
Summary/Formative Assessment
 Fill in the handout.