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ROCKS!! What is a rock? • Substance that is naturally occurring, solid, and is made up of minerals. • How are rocks and minerals different? • Rocks are made from minerals. (Rocks are cookies, minerals are chocolate chips) Why do we study rocks? • Rocks tell us a story about the earth’s history. • Dinosaurs, pre-historic life • The earth is constantly moving, shifting, and changing What are the different types of rocks? • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic Igneous • FIRE • Form from the cooling and hardening of magma/lava • Cools slowly below surface of the earth = LARGE crystals • Cools rapidly above the surface = small crystals Igneous Characteristics • Large, visible crystals • Glasslike • Holes from air bubbling while cooling Two Types of Igneous Intrusive (Inside) • Magma cools under the surface • Large Crystals Extrusive (Outside) • Lava cools quickly • Small to no crystals • Contains air bubbles Examples of Intrusive Igneous Examples of Extrusive What is a sediment? • Fragments of rock that have been broken down as a result of weathering. How do Sedimentary rocks form? Form as sediments and minerals become packed and cemented together. Sedimentary Characteristics • Appearance of sand, pebbles, rocks cemented together • Layers • Appearance of fossils • Rough texture Types of Sedimentary Clastic (Sediment) • Form from compacted sediments • Classified by size Organic/Crystalline • Evaporites • Precipitates • Bioclasstic Rocks Clastic Sedimentary Examples Organic/Crystalline Sedimentary Examples How does a Metamorphic rock form? • Form as rocks are changed due to exposure to intense heat and/or pressure Metamorphic Characteristics • Stripes in thin, parallel, wavy lines (Foliation) • Tiny crystals lined up in same direction • Very hard (usually can scratch metal) • Smooth texture Types of Metamorphism Contact • A change in the rock by heat from magma Regional • A change in a rock caused by intense pressure • Plate boundaries Contact Metamorphism Examples Regional Metamorphism Examples