Download Parts of Speech File

English Grammar
Parts
of
Speech
Nine Parts of Speech
articles
Nouns
Interjections
Adjectives
Conjunctions
Word that names

A Person (Proper)
A
Place (Proper)
 A Thing (Common)
 An Idea, feeling (Abstract)
 A collection of things (collective)
 A combination of two things (compound)
Kinds of Nouns
Proper, common, abstract, collective, compound
Common Nouns
boy
girl
Singular Nouns
boy
girl
Singular Possessive
boy’s woman’s
girl’s child’s
Proper Nouns
John
Mary
Plural Nouns
boys
girls
Plural Possessive
boys’ children’s
girls’ women’s
Do this exercise. Identify the nouns in each
sentence. Say what type they are.
 1. Every
time I do my homework the teacher
forgets to check my work.
 2. There is a moment in everyone’s life when
the world suddenly becomes brighter and
more interesting.
 Elderly people should be given concessions
when they travel by public transport.
 Mary fetched her mother in Cape Town .
Some clues
You can identify a noun (and
pronoun) if it is preceded by a,
the, a preposition (to, by, with)
a possessive adjective (his,
their, her)
Common endings for nouns:
-ness,- tion, -y, -ment, -eity, -er, trix, tive, ory,
Make nouns from the following words
 dominate
 domination
 confess
 confession
 referee
 Referee / reference
 excite
 excitement
 happy
 happiness
 correct
 correction
 deliberate
 Deliberation.
Identify all the nouns and say what
type they are
Now do these
A word that expresses action or
expresses a state of being
Action
Verb of
doing
Verbs of
being
Every sentence must have
a
Kinds of Verbs

Action verbs express
mental or physical
action.
He rode the horse to
victory.

‘Verbs to be’ make a
statement by
connecting the
subject with a word
that describes or
explains it.
He is Dutch.
REMEMBER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Am, is , are, were, was,
have been, will be ,
WHEN THEY ARE ALONE,ARE
ALL FINITE VERBS
SUBJECTS
 TO FIND A SUBJECT ASK
“WHO” OR
“WHAT” BEFORE THE VERB.
JOHN RODE HIS BICYCLE
“WHO” OR “WHAT” RODE THE BICYCLE?
ANSWER = JOHN
JOHN IS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE
He, she, I, who, they, we, are always subjects
THE FINITE VERB
THE FINITE VERB MUST HAVE:
A SUBJECT
NUMBER
(SINGULAR OR PLURAL)
TENSE
(PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE)
Do this exercise: Give all the
finite verbs
1.
Although I love apples, they are bad for
me because they hurt my teeth.
2. It is always difficult to keep an eye on
naughty children because they move
from one place to another.
3. Mary knew that if she was a good
student she would earn a chocolate.
NON FINITE VERBS
THESE ARE THE ONLY NON FINITE VERBS:
To jump, to walk
Mary wanted to walk to town
Walking, jumping,
Singing is fun
Exercise: Box all the finite verbs
Circle all non finite verbs
The animal I really dig
Above all others is the pig.
Pigs are noble. Pigs are clever,
Pigs are courteous. However,
Now and then, to break this rule,
One meets a pig who is a fool.
What, for example, would you say
If strolling through the woods one day,
Right there in front of you you saw
A pig who'd built his house of STRAW?
The Wolf who saw it licked his lips,
And said, `That pig has had his chips.‘
Had built
`Little pig, little pig, let me come in!'
`No, no, by the hairs on my chinny-chinchIn!' `
Then I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your
house in!'
I will huff
TRANS MEANS OVER OR ACROSS
A TRANSITIVE VERB IS WHERE THE
ACTION IS CARRIED OVER TO AN OBJECT
JOHN RODE THE BICYCLE
JOHN RODE “WHO” OR “WHAT” ?
ANSWER = THE BICYCLE
THE BICYCLE IS THE OBJECT OF THE
SENTENCE
Do not take an object.
He schemes.
The ‘verb to be’ is always
intransitive
(am, is, was, were, will be )
He is a schemer
COMPLEMENT:
COMPLETES THE VERB
I AM HERE TO
HELP YOU
Auxiliary verbs help to form the
main verb.
They give the TENSE TO THE
VERB.
May, might, should, could, will, shall, have, had,
can, could have, should have
Superham might have helped us if he had been
quick enough
The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns
Anybody
Each
everyone
none
someone, one, etc.
Relative Pronouns
That, who, which
Remember
Everyone, no one, someone, somebody,
everybody are always SINGULAR:
Everyone dislikes a robber.
No one is able to defend a robber.
Everyone should do his or her
duty to catch a robber.
Identify the pronouns in these
sentences
This road is
Anyone who
calls on me,
may ask
anything of
me
not yours!
Everyone
can ride
here
Someone
throw the
ball to her
Who can
give me a
lift home?
Qualifies or describes a
noun or pronoun.
Did you lose your address
book?
Is that a wool sweater?
Just give me five minutes.
Answers these questions:
Supply a suitable adjective for
the following
The cop is ………….
The ………….goddess walked
His …………eyes were glued
to the television
The………clown
put on a merry
face
Modifies or describes
a verb, an adjective,
or another adverb.
Answers the questions:
He ran quickly.
She left yesterday.
We went there.
It was too hot!
To what degree or how much?
IDENTIFY THE ADVERBS
1. She knew yesterday that he was very ill and
would soon be taken there for treatment to
recover quickly.
2. I always go the shop enthusiastically
because I definitely know that I will be able
to buy very good bargains.
A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun
or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence
as a noun. The word or word group that the
preposition introduces is its object.
They received a postcard from Bobby telling
about his trip to Canada.
The preposition
never stands alone!
object of
preposition
preposition
object
You can press those leaves under glass.
can have more than
one object
Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news.
object can have modifiers
It happened during the last examination.
Some Common Prepositions
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
by
down
during
except
for
from
in
into
like
of
off
on
over
past
since
through
throughout
to
toward
under
underneath
until
up
upon
with
within
without
The conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words
or groups of words.
or
but
TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
Co-ordinating,
conjunctions
The relative
pronoun used
as a
conjunction
Sub-ordinating
Conjunctions
Co-ordinating conjunctions
And, but, yet, or, nor
The happy and rich man
danced and he raised a
glass of champagne.
Joins two things that are
alike.
Subordinating conjunctions
if, when, though, although, then, after,
because, so that, even, unless
The clown will fall
because he is not in a
stable position.
Links two clauses of unequal
status
Identify the conjunctions
The animal that I really dig above all others is
the pig, because pigs are noble and pigs are
clever. Pigs are courteous when they are
happy but not when they are sad.
Now and then, to break this rule, one meets a
pig who is a fool. If strolling through the
woods one day, right there in front of you
you saw a pig who'd built his house of
straw?
The interjection
is an exclamatory word that expresses
emotion
Goodness! What a cute baby!
Wow! Look at that
sunset!
EXERCISES
VCLEARN : LEARNING UNITS
•Activity 3.2.1: Parts of speech round robin.
•Activity 3.2.2: Parts of speech exercises
Chapter 1-9 in Essential English
Grammar by Suppiah.