Download IMMUNOLOGY

How your body defends itself
from foreign invasion.
NON-SPECIFIC
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NOT differentiate
between invaders
Same response for
pollen  HIV
1 & 2nd lines of defense
SPECIFIC
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Creates specific
response for each
invader
Ability to remember &
target invaders
(antibodies)
3rd line of defense
MAJOR CHEMICALS/PROTEINS:

Antigen
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Protein matches to an
antigen  used to
“remember”
You have a different
antibody for every
different foreign molecule
ever entered your body
Histamine

Unique protein (name tag)
all living tissue
Antibody

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Interferon

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Chemical triggers allergy
response (runny nose,
water eyes, blood flow)
Protein release by infected
cells  “interferes” w/
viral reproduction
Interleukin

Chemical messenger
controls temperature
regulation
SAME RESPONSE TO ALL INVADERS
1st Line of Defense

Physical Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

Attempts to prevent
invasion
 Skin
 Mucous membranes
 pH
 Digestive enzymes

Inflammatory Resp.

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
Triggered by tissue
damage
Increase blood flow to
promote clotting
WBC’s consume all
foreign material
Fever
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Types of White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
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Monocyte  appear @ site of infection & can move
into tissue & form macrophages
Macrophage  (big eaters & long life span), ever
present, consume old cells, dust & pathogens
Neutrophils  most abundant, short life span
Eosinophils  destroy parasites (worms)
Basophils  not directly destroy, release chemicals
that trigger all others (histamine)
Natural Killers (NK)  destroys infected cells
3RD LINE 0F DEFENSE
DIFFERENT RESPONSE FOR EACH INVADER

Humoral Response

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B-cells
“highlights” foreign
material
Produces Antibodies
– “memory cells”

Cell-Mediated
Response
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T-cells
“killer” cells
Consume invaders
highlighted by the bcells
PASSIVE

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Requires no effort
Antibodies given out
Examples:
ACTIVE

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Requires effort
Body must produce
antibodies by fighting
off infection
Examples:

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Natural –
Artificial –

T-cells (kill invaders)

antibodies (remember invaders)

wbc’s (consume invaders)
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pathogen reproductive rates
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An exagerated immune response to typically
harmless environmental antigens
Only activate 1st & 2nd lines of defense
Never reach 3rd – never form antibodies that
would prevent re-occurance
Why 
Overmedicated, over vaccinated & under exposed
 Immune system learns it job by practicing, if you
give it nothing to practice on, it will find something
(grass, pollen, food allergies, etc.)

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Read the article & be prepared to respond to
the following essay prompts:

VACCINATION, ISOLATION or EXPOSURE?
 Which method(s) would you choose for your own
children?

Describe several ways to improve or boost you
and/or your future children’s immune system?
 Name method & describe how it helps.