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Human Immune system Student note sheet 1. Immunity The ability of the body to fight _______________ and/or foreign invaders by producing _______________ or killing infected cells. 2. Immune System The system in the body responsible for maintaining __________________ by recognizing ________________from non harmful organisms and produces an appropriate response. Foreign Invaders: 1. Called ______________________ Viruses, bacteria or other living thing that causes disease/immune response. 2. _____________________ _______________ that pathogens produce that cause harm to an organism. Parts of the Immune System 1. 2. 3. 4. _____________ - White Blood Cells in particular. _________________________________________________ _______________________________ – Produces T Lymphocytes _______________________________ – Produces B Lymphocytes How does the body fight infection/foreign invaders? The Body’s THREE lines of Defense: First Line of Defense – ________________________________________ Provides Physical and Chemical barriers Physical – hard to ________________, made of indigestible keratin Chemical – _____________________________ Second Line of Defense – ________________________________________________ These are defenses the body uses no matter what the invader may be. These defenses include: __________________ – done by Macrophages – cells that eat pathogens __________________________________________________________ ____________________ - red, swollen skin _______________ – The fever (high temp) kills invaders Third Line of Defense – ________________________________________________ This is a _____________ response to a specific pathogen/antigen. The response involves the creation of ____________________________ Antibodies: ____________ -shaped protein molecule. Produced by __________________________ Function: Recognize antigens, bind to and _______________________ them. Primary .vs. Secondary Immune Response 1. Primary Immune Response This is a response to an invader the ___________ time the invader infects the body. No measurable immune response for first few days. Next 10 – 15 days antibody production grows steadily 2. Secondary Immune Response A more ________ (quicker) response to an invader the ________ time it invades the body. Antibody production ______________ dramatically and in a much ______________ time period. Passive .vs. Active Immunity 1. Active Immunity This is immunity where the body is “____________” producing ____________ to fight infection. Ex: You have a throat infection and you are actively creating antibodies to fight it. ___________________: An injection of a weakened strain (or dead) of an infectious microbe (pathogen) that causes the body to undergo active immunity (produce antibodies). 2. Passive Immunity This is immunity where antibodies are given to a person from the blood of another ____________ or animal. This immunity only lasts for a ____________ period of time. ex: _______________ mothers pass antibodies to their children through the milk. Autoimmune Disease: 1. __________________ diseases are diseases where the ________________ system begins to attack itself. Ex: Rheumatoid Arthritis – crippling disease of the _______________. Lupus – disease of ______________ and organs. Multiple Sclerosis – disease of _________________system 2. Cause(s): _________________________________________________________________ 3. Cures/Treatments: ___________________________________________________________ Allergies: Allergy: - An ____________________ response by the immune system to an allergen. - Allergen: a normally __________________ substance that causes an allergic reaction. ex: _________________________________________________________________ Types of Allergic reactions: There are two types of allergic reactions. a. ____________________– occurs within seconds and normally lasts for about 30 mins. b. ___________________ – takes longer to react and can last for a much longer time.