Download Homeostasis, Levels of Organization of Living Things, Skeletal

Study Guide: Homeostasis, Skeletal system Muscle System, & Variables Quiz-KEY
Wednesday March 30, 2016
*this is a general overview of topics we have learned and what will be covered on the quiz
Format is: Fill in the blank, labeling
What to study: homeostasis and levels of organization notes, skeleton system notes, pages 8-11 worksheet,
textbook, human body system vocabulary, muscle system notes, Do Muscles work in Pairs Lab, variables guidelines,
chicken leg dissection observations
Variables
1. How do you identify the independent variable and dependent variable in an experiment?
Independent variable- what you will manipulate or what you will change during the experiment (testing)
Dependent variable- what you will measure or count at the end of the experiment (results)
Homeostasis
1. What is homeostasis?
-Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in a cell or a living organism. It is how our
body reacts to changes in our external environment to try to keep our body working the same.
2. What are examples of homeostasis in the human body?
a. our body working to maintain a 98.6°F temperature
b. sweating when our body temperature rises
c. shivering and getting goosebumps when we are cold,
d. our pupils dilating when there is not enough light
e. Breathing faster when our heart rate increases to get more oxygen and release more carbon dioxide
f. Our body forming a scab when we get a cut
3. How do human bodies react to changes in the external environment?
-Our body will respond to changes in the environment (ex. Temperature, lack of water) and work to make our
body return to the normal conditions
4. Does the human body have a stable internal environment?
-Yes, it is stable because any time there is a change in our body, it will work to make sure that the change
returns to normal: after exercise your breathing rate will
return to normal, when your body warms up you will stop
shivering.
5. Levels of Organization cellstissuesorgansorgan
systemsliving organism
6. What are the 4 types of tissue the human body can be made
of? What are their functions?
a. Epithelial-covers and protects underlying tissues (skin)
b. Nervous-sends electrical signals through body allowing body
to function as organized unit (brain, nerves)
c. Muscle-contracts and relaxes to produce movement (Types:
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth)
d. Connective-joins, supports, protects, insulates, nourishes
and cushions organs-holds body together (cartilage,
tendons, ligaments, blood, bone)
7.
What are examples of organs and organ systems?
Brain-nervous system
Stomach-digestive system
Heart-circulatory system
Skeletal System
1. Explain each of the 5 jobs of the skeleton system?
a. Protects organs (ribs protect heart and lungs, skull protects brain, vertebrae protect spinal cord)
b. Bones store minerals such as calcium, potassium and iron
c. Allow movement of body, and supports shape of body (muscles pull on bones to move)
d. Blood cell formation-produces red and white blood cells
e. Supports and Shapes body-gives our body shape and structure that we would not have otherwise
2. What cushions the ends of bones? cartilage
3. Why is this tissue so necessary and so important?
-Cartilage cushions the ends of bones to prevent bones from rubbing one another. It is located at the end of
bones and between joints
4. How are ligaments and tendons different?
Type
Description
Location
Ligament
Strong elastic band of connective
Connect bone to bone in a joint
tissue
Tendon
Strong elastic band of connective
Connect muscles to bones
tissue
5. What is bone marrow? Compare red and yellow marrow.
-Red Marrow-soft tissue in bones that produces red and white blood cells
-Yellow Bone marrow-soft tissue found within the open center cavity of a bone that stores fat
6. What is a joint?
-Joint is where 2 or more bones connect or meet
7. Complete the following tables:
Joint
Fixed
Skull
Gliding
Wrist, ankle, spine
Ball and Socket
Shoulder, hip
Hinge
Knee, elbow
Pivot
Neck, lower arm
Location
Muscle System
1. What are flexor and extensor muscles?
Flexor-skeletal muscle that contract to BEND a joint (biceps)
Extensor-skeletal muscle that contracts to straighten a limb or
body part (triceps)
2. Identify the muscles in your arm that allow it to bend and straighten.
Biceps-bend your elbow
Triceps-straighten your elbow
3. How do skeletal muscles work? Why do you move when skeletal muscles contract?
-Skeletal Muscles PULL on bones to make them move. The skeletal muscles work in pairs so that when one
contracts (pulls) the other relaxes. They have to work in pairs because muscles can only pull, they can’t push. So
when one muscle pulls a bone in one direction, the opposite muscle in the pair has to pull the bone back in the
other direction.
Facial Muscles
Deltoids
Pectoralis
Biceps
Triceps (back of arm)
Rectus
Abdominus
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
(back of leg)
Tendons
4. Complete the following table:
3 Types of
Muscle:
Voluntary or
Involuntary
Function
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Voluntary
Involuntary
Involuntary
Moves bones-Voluntary
Pumps blood through entire
body
Contracts to move blood
through blood vessels, and
move food during digestion
Locations
Attached to bones
Heart
Blood vessels and digestive
organs
Type of Tissue
Tendon
Location
Strong elastic band of
connective tissue between a
muscle and a bone.
Strong elastic band of
connective tissue between
bones
Located at the ends of bones
and between joints.
Function
Connect muscles to bones
Ligament
Cartilage
Connect bone to bone in a joint
Cushions the ends of bones to prevent bones from rubbing one
another