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Rocks Chapter 4 Do Now: Define new terms Pgs. 86-93 Rock Igneous Rock Intrusive Extrusive Rock Cycle Lava Basaltic Granite What is a Rock? A rock is: a mixture of minerals, glass and/or organic matter A common mineral found in rocks is: A mixture of minerals form the rock quartz granite Granite is a very strong rock used in countertops and construction The Rock Cycle There are 3 types of rocks They are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary Rocks are changed by processes such as; weathering, erosion, compaction, cementation, melting and cooling Sedimentary rock can be changed by heat and pressure to form a metamorphic rock Create Rock Cycle Diagram Pg. 87 See rubric Do Now: Define: Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Rock Foliated Nonfoliated Cementation Sediment Compaction 4.2 Igneous Rock Igneous rocks are formed when volcanic materials erupt, then cool on Earth’s surface Temperature and pressure rocks into magma Magma that reaches Earth’s surface is can transform lava So the difference between magma and lava is: inside the Earth lava is at the surface magma is Intrusive Igneous Rocks Intrusive igneous rocks form Generally, they have and are found erosion remove soil below Earth’s surface large mineral grains at Earth’s surface when weathering and Extrusive Igneous Rocks Extrusive rocks are formed when lava cools on Earth’s surface and is exposed to air They have small mineral grains with air holes from very quick cooling Classification of Igneous Rocks Magma Type Intrusive Extrusive Basalt Basaltic Gabbro Scoria Andesitic Diorite Granitic Andesite Rhyolite Granite Pumice Obsidian Types of Magma Basaltic, Granitic, Andesitic Basaltic igneous rocks are dense, heavy and dark in color. Full of iron and magnesium. Granitic light colored, lighter in weight. Thick, stiff magma full of oxygen and silicone . Creates violent volcanic eruptions. Andesitic magma is in between in color and thickness. Can be found in volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean Origin, Formation and Composition Extrusive= formed on Earth’s surface with rapid cooling of magma, giving the rock a fine grained texture. Igneous rocks are the most abundant type of rock on Earth and are formed from the magma of volcanoes 4.3 Metamorphic Rock Temperature and Pressure Rocks that have changed due to temperature and pressure increases. Can be formed from or other metamorphic rocks changes in igneous, sedimentary Heat and Pressure Rocks beneath Earth’s surface are under great pressure from overlying rock layers Once the heat and pressure reach a certain point rocks melt and magma forms. If it does not get hot enough to melt rock mineral changes happen. Sometimes minerals are flattened or the atoms move around and create a bigger mineral Classification of metamorphic rock Foliated: flattened mineral grains that line up in bands; slate Nonfoliated: no bands, minerals change, grow and rearrange but do not form bands. Sandstone and marble 4.4 Sedimentary Rock Most of the rocks on Earth’s Surface Sedimentary rocks forms when sediments are pressed togeher or come out of a solution Sediments are loose material, such as pebbles, mineral grains and bits of plant and animal remains Weathering is the process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces 2 Processes Compaction: sedimentary rock forming process that happens with sediment is pressed down into rocks from the weight of the material on top of it Cementation: sedimentary rock making process the happens when sediments are “glued” together, usually by water, with mineral deposits Types of sedimentary rock Chemical Organic (made up of once living things) coal Limestone Rock Salt Can have fossils in them https://www.thinglink.com/scene/359446759849590786 Fossil Creation