Download section 3 - Warren County Schools

Bellringer- Vocabulary Sections 2 and 3
• Democracy- a type of government where people
rule themselves
• Aristocrats- rich landowners or nobles
• Oligarchy- government in which only a few
people (aristocrats) have power
• Citizens-a person who has the right to participate
in government
• Tyrant-leader who held power through the use of
force
• Mythology-stories about gods and heroes that try
to explain how the world works
• Fables-a short story that teaches a lesson about
life or gives advice on how to live
Greek Mythology &
Literature Notes
Learning Target
• I can understand how the ancient Greeks
created great myths and works of literature
that influence the way we speak and write
today.
The Principal Gods
• Major Gods/Goddess
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Zeus (Jupiter, Jove)
Poseidon (Neptune)
Hades (Pluto)
Hera (Juno)
Hestia (Vesta)
Demeter (Ceres)
• Other Olympians include
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Athena (Minerva)
Ares (Mars)
Hephaestus (Vulcan)
Apollo (Apollo)
Artemis (Diana)
Hermes (Mercury)
Aphrodite (Venus)
Dionysus (Bacchus)
Persephone (Proserpina)
Hephaestus
• God of Fire/Forge
• Greeks told stories
about him to explain
why fire and lava
came out of volcanoes
from his forge.
• He created weapons
and armor for the
other gods.
The Origins of the Seasons
• Believed the goddess of agriculture, Demeter
created the seasons because of her grief over
losing her daughter to Hades for six months of
the year.
Demeter
• Roman Name:
Ceres
• Goddess of the
Harvest
• A Goddess of
the Earth
• Credited with
creating the
seasons
Persephone
• Roman Name:
Proserpina
• Goddess of the
Underworld
• Daughter of Zeus
and Demeter
• Abducted by
Hades
Hades
• Roman Name:
Pluto
• God of the
Underworld/
Dead
• Kidnapped
Persephone
Apollo
• Roman Name: Apollo
• God of Light/Sun and
Music
• Brother of Artemis
• Tricks Persephone into
eating some seeds of a
pomegranate before
leaving Hades which
means she will have to
spend half the year down
there with her husband.
Oracle of Delphi
• Female Priestess of
Apollo who was
believed to receive
information from
Apollo
• Lived in the city of
Delphi in central
Greece
• Many traveled far to
seek her wisdom
Heroes & Mythology
• Many myths dealt with the adventures of
great heroes.
• Some were real- some fictional
• The Greeks loved stories about heroes who
had special abilities and faced terrible
monsters.
• All cities had their favorite hero that they
loved to tell stories about.
Theseus
• The hero of Athens was Theseus.
• According to legend, he traveled to Crete and
killed the Minotaur, a terrible monster that
was half human and half bull.
Jason
• In southern Greece the hero of
myths was known as Jason.
• He was famous for his role as the
leader of the Argonauts and
their quest for the Golden
Fleece
• Many myths describe how he
sailed across the seas in search
of a great treasure, fighting
enemies along the way.
Hercules
• Most famous hero- Hercules
• Son of Zeus and mortal woman,
Alcmene
• Fought many monsters and
performed nearly impossible tasks
• For example he fought and killed the
hydra, a huge snake with nine heads
and poisonous fangs. Every time he
cut off one head, two more would
grow in its place. Eventually figured
out he could burn the neck after
cutting off the head to keep it from
growing back.
• He was a favorite hero throughout all
of Greece.
Honoring Gods
• Just as Greeks, built temples, they
also held contests to honor their
Gods
• The largest of these took place
every 4 years at Olympia, a city in
southern Greece. Took place for
over a 1,000 years until the 320
AD.
• It was held to honor Zeus, this
event was called the Olympic
Games.
• Male athletes competed in
footraces, chariot races, boxing,
wrestling, and throwing events.
Modern Olympics
• People began to hold the Summer Olympics again
in 1896.
• Nations around the world send athletes to
compete in these games.
• Today the games include 28 sports and both men
and women can participate. They are held every
four years. We also have a Winter Olympics.
• The summer Olympics will be held this summer.
Where will they be held?
Epic Poetry
• Homer wrote two epic poems describing the deeds of
great heroes who fought in the Trojan War.
• These are considered to be some of the greatest
literature every produced.
• In this war the Mycenaean Greeks fought the Trojans,
people from the city of Troy.
• Illiad- tells of the last years of the Trojan War. The hero
of this tale is Achilles, the greatest of all Greek
warriors.
• Odyssey- tells the story of the challenges the greek
hero, Odysseus faces on his way home from the war. It
takes him 10 years of fighting monsters, powerful
magicians, and even angry gods.
Lyric Poetry
• Poets wrote poems that were put to music
• During the performance of the poem, a poet
would play a stringed instrument called a lyre
while reading, hence the name “lyric poetry”
• Today words on songs are called “lyrics” after
these ancient Greek poets.
• Most poets were men
• However, the most famous lyric poet was actually
a woman named Sappho.
• Poems were mainly about love and relationships
and were beautiful and emotional.
Fables
• Greeks told stories to teach people important lessons.
• The Greek writer, Aesop, was famous for his fables.
• Fables are short stories that teach the reader lessons
about life or give advice on how to live.
• Most characters in fables are animals that act and talk
like humans.
• Famous fables– Tale of the Ants and the Grasshopper
• Lesson: People shouldn’t waste time instead of working
– Tortoise and the Hare
• Lesson: Better to work slowly and carefully then to hurry and make
mistakes
Language
• ODYSSEY = a long journey (also Honda’s
minivan)
• TITANIC = something large (like that boat that
sank)
• PLACE NAMES = Athens is named for Athena,
Atlas Mountains named for Atlas who held up
the sky, Europe named for Princess Europa
Literature & The Arts
• ART – paintings and sculptures
over the centuries
• MOVIES – Hercules, The
Lightning Thief/Percy Jackson
series
• SPORTS TEAMS – Tennessee
Titans, USC Trojans
• BUSINESSES/ADVERTISING Midas